Study on the Annual Reduction Rate of Vehicle Emission Factors for Carbon Monoxide: A Case Study of Urban Road Tunnels in Shenzhen, China
TLDR
In this article, a detailed field measurement was carried out in the four typical urban road tunnels, Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel in Shenzhen, China, from March 29 to September 16, 2014.Abstract:
Environmental pollution and energy conservation in urban tunnels have become important issues that affect the scientific design and sustainable development of urban tunnels. The carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in urban road tunnels is regarded as a direct reflection and a useful tracer of the intensity of anthropogenic transportation activities. Previous studies in recent years have paid more attention to pollutant emission factors, but less to the calculation parameters of ventilation design for tunnels. This paper aims to study a reasonable annual reduction rate of CO base emission factors. Therefore, a detailed field measurement was carried out in the four typical urban road tunnels, Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel in Shenzhen, China, from March 29 to September 16, 2014. Measurement results showed that the traffic flow of the four urban tunnels had been approaching the design value, or even beyond the limit. The average daily air velocities in the four tunnels were all within 5 m/s, whereas the maximum air velocity had exceeded the limit of 10 m/s. The CO concentrations in Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel were 17 ppm, 7 ppm, 39 ppm, and 8 ppm, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the average CO emission factors of Henglongshan Tunnel, Cejiexian Tunnel, Jiuweiling Tunnel, and Dameisha Tunnel were 1.075 g/(km·veh), 1.245 g/(km·veh), 4.154 g/(km·veh), and 1.739 g/(km·veh), respectively. Based on the statistical data, the CO emission factors of mixed traffic and passenger cars decrease by an average of 16.4% and 33.3%, respectively, per year through the regression method and by an average of 17.4% and 29.0%, respectively, per year through the extremum method. Finally, when considering the safety factor of 20%, it is more reasonable for the CO base emission to adopt 4% as an annual reduction rate for ventilation design in urban tunnels.read more
Citations
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Real-world automotive emissions: Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain tunnels. Final report
TL;DR: In this paper, two major vehicle emissions studies were conducted: one in Fort McHenry tunnel (under the Baltimore Harbor) in June 1992 and the other in the Tuscarora Mountain tunnel in southcentral Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Turnpike) in September 1992 The cars at both sites tended to be newer than elsewhere and much better maintained as judged by low CO/CO2 ratios and other emissions characteristics.
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Characteristics and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-PAHs in Xinxiang, China in 2015 and 2017
Hao Zhang,Lu Yang,Xuan Zhang,Wanli Xing,Yan Wang,Pengchu Bai,Lulu Zhang,Ying Li,Kazuichi Hayakawa,Akira Toriba,Ning Tang +10 more
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References
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Real-world automotive emissions: Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain tunnels. Final report
TL;DR: In this paper, two major vehicle emissions studies were conducted: one in Fort McHenry tunnel (under the Baltimore Harbor) in June 1992 and the other in the Tuscarora Mountain tunnel in southcentral Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Turnpike) in September 1992 The cars at both sites tended to be newer than elsewhere and much better maintained as judged by low CO/CO2 ratios and other emissions characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-world automotive emissions—Summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora mountain tunnels
William R. Pierson,Alan W. Gertler,Norman F. Robinson,John C. Sagebiel,Barbara Zielinska,Gary A. Bishop,Donald H. Stedman,Roy B. Zweidinger,William Ray +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, vehicle emission rates of CO, NO, NOx, and gas-phase speciated nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and carbonyl compounds were measured in 1992 in the Fort McHenry Tunnel under Baltimore Harbor and in the Tuscarora Mountain Tunnel of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, for comparison with emission-model predictions and for calculation of the reactivity of vehicle emissions with respect to 03 formation.
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Real-world traffic emission factors of gases and particles measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden
Adam Kristensson,Christer Johansson,Roger Westerholm,Erik Swietlicki,Lars Gidhagen,Ulla Wideqvist,Vaclav Vesely +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden give the real-world traffic emission factors for a number of gaseous and particle pollutants, including 49 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), CO, NOX, benzene, toluene, xylenes, aldehydes, elements and inorganic/organic carbon contained in particles, the sub-micrometer aerosol number size distribution, PM2.5 and PM10.
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Estimation of vehicular emission inventories in China from 1980 to 2005
Hao Cai,Shaodong Xie +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, multi-year inventories of vehicular emissions at a high spatial resolution of 40 km×40 km were established in China using the GIS methodology for the period 1980-2005, based on provincial statistical data from yearbooks regarding vehicles and roads, and on the emission factors for each vehicle category in each province calculated by COPERT III program.
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Vehicular emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a tunnel study in Hong Kong
Kin Fai Ho,Kin Fai Ho,Shuncheng Lee,Wingkei Ho,Donald R. Blake,Yan Cheng,Yok Sheung Li,Steven Sai Hang Ho,Steven Sai Hang Ho,K. Fung,Peter K.K. Louie,D. Park +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, vehicle emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the Shing Mun Tunnel, Hong Kong in summer and winter of 2003 were determined at the inlet and outlet of the tunnel.