Journal ArticleDOI
Symbol Error Probability of Hexagonal QAM
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TLDR
Simulation results show that the proposed approximation for the SEP of hexagonal QAM in additive white Gaussian noise is very accurate for all the best-known QAM constellations constructed from the hexagonal lattice, including triangular QAM, for both high and low signal-to-noise ratio.Abstract:
This letter studies the symbol error probability (SEP) of quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) signals constructed from the hexagonal lattice, known as hexagonal QAM or triangular QAM. In particular, we propose a simple and accurate approximation for the SEP of hexagonal QAM in additive white Gaussian noise. Simulation results show that the proposed approximation is very accurate for all the best-known QAM constellations constructed from the hexagonal lattice, including triangular QAM, for both high and low signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the proposed approximation is suitable for the accurate estimation of the SEP of hexagonal QAM in slow-fading channels, such as Rayleigh fading channels.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tighter Bounds on the Gaussian $Q$ Function and Its Application in Nakagami- ${m}$ Fading Channel
TL;DR: Using the Trapezoidal rule of numerical integration, simpler and tighter approximations for the Gaussian Gaussian ${Q}$ function are proposed that can be efficiently applied to compute the integrals in symbol error probability (SEP) expressions of various digital modulation schemes over additive white Gaussian noise as well as fading channels.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey on Higher-Order QAM Constellations: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Trends
TL;DR: In this article, power and bandwidth efficient modulation schemes for the next generation communication systems in details are surveyed and detailed study of star QAM, XQAM, and HQAM is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
On Performance of Hexagonal, Cross, and Rectangular QAM for Multi-Relay Systems
TL;DR: The performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward multi-relay system with best relay selection is analyzed over independent and non-identically distributed Nakagami-m fading links with both integer and non -integer fading parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
ASER Analysis of Hexagonal and Rectangular QAM Schemes in Multiple-Relay Networks
TL;DR: Analytical lower bound expressions of average symbol error rate (ASER) for general-order hexagonal quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and rectangular QAM and RQAM schemes are derived for multiple amplify-and-forward relay networks over independent and nonidentically distributed Nakagami-type fading channels with an integer-valued fading parameter using a well-known cumulative-distribution-function-based approach.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Performance Analysis of Higher Order QAM Schemes Over Mixed RF/FSO Systems
TL;DR: A detailed comparative study of various modulation schemes is presented and the impact of pointing error, atmospheric turbulence, outdated CSI, and Nakagami-m parameter are highlighted on the system performance.
References
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A unified approach for calculating error rates of linearly modulated signals over generalized fading channels
TL;DR: A unified analytical framework is presented to determine the exact average symbol-error rate (SER) of linearly modulated signals over generalized fading channels and provides new formulas that are either closed-form expressions or simple to compute numerically.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimization of Two-Dimensional Signal Constellations in the Presence of Gaussian Noise
TL;DR: In this paper an asymptotic (large signal-to-noise ratio) expression is derived for the error rate and it is rigorously proved in the Appendix that the optimum constellations tend toward an equilateral structure, and become uniformly distributed in a circle.
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