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System and method for performing a three-dimensional virtual examination of objects, such as internal organs

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TLDR
In this paper, a volume visualization technique for generating a 3D visualization image of an internal organ using volume visualization techniques is presented. But this technique is not suitable for the visualization of complex 3D objects.
Abstract
Methods for generating a three-dimensional visualization image of an object, such as an internal organ, using volume visualization techniques are provided. The techniques include a multi-scan imaging method; a multi-resolution imaging method; and a method for generating a skeleton of a complex three dimension object. The applications include virtual cystoscopy, virtual laryngoscopy, virtual angiography, among others.

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Method of and system for image processing

Peter Devane
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of correlating a representation of a body to a 3D representation of the body is presented, where a representation (such as a 2D image) is acquired and a fitness function is generated for it, which is then compared to the fitness function to generate measures of fit for each set of 3D position and orientation values.
References
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Image-directed robotic system for precise robotic surgery including redundant consistency checking

TL;DR: In this article, a robotic surgical system with a multiple degree of freedom manipulator arm and a surgical tool is presented, where the manipulator is coupled to a controller for controllably positioning the surgical tool within a 3D coordinate system.
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Method and system for producing interactive three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs having hollow lumens to enable simulated movement through the lumen

TL;DR: In this article, a method and system for effecting interactive, three-dimensional renderings of selected body organs for purposes of medical observation and diagnosis are provided for the purpose of medical diagnosis.
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TL;DR: A refined general definition of a skeleton is introduced that is based on a penalized distance function and that cannot create any of the degenerate cases of the earlier CEASAR and TEASAR algorithms.