The Comparison of Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-18) and Immune Cells in Japanese Encephalitis Patients With Different Progression
Yu Zhou,Peiyu Bian,Hong Du,Tao Wang,Mengyang Li,Haifeng Hu,Chuantao Ye,Xuyang Zheng,Yuqing Zhang,Yiming Lei,Zhansheng Jia,JianQi Lian +11 more
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TLDR
A consistent high level of IL-6 and IL-18 in the plasma and low proportion of CD4+ T and B cells in the PBMCs might be the indicators of poor prognosis in JE patients.Abstract:
Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Nowadays, no effective and specific therapy for JE patients is available except supportive treatment. The fatality rate of JE patients is still about 30%, and more than half of survivors suffered from various neuropsychiatric sequelae. Thus, more attention should be paid to JE. Methods In this study, a retrospective cohort of JE patients was collected and the general features of JE patients admitted into the Department of Infectious Diseases were analyzed. Meanwhile, the dynamic change of plasma cytokines and immune cells in JE patients with divergent prognosis was detected and analyzed. Results We found a mounted proportion of adult/old patients in JE cases. The level of IL-6 and IL-18 increased in JE patients especially in fatal individuals. There was a continuous decreased percentage of CD4+ T and B cells in severe JE patients with fatal outcome compared with the surviving JE patients. Conclusions The consistent high level of IL-6 and IL-18 in the plasma and low proportion of CD4+ T and B cells in the PBMCs might be the indicators of poor prognosis.read more
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Interleukin-18 cytokine in immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity: Biological role in induction, regulation, and treatment
Stella Amarachi Ihim,Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar,Zeineb Zian,Takanori Sasaki,Mohammad Saffarioun,Shayan Maleknia,Gholamreza Azizi +6 more
TL;DR: Combination drug therapies, that focus on IL-18 inhibition, in addition to other cytokines, are highly recommended to be considered as an important area of research that needs to be explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activity of natural compounds against Japanese encephalitis virus via inhibition of NS5 protein and regulation of key immune and inflammatory signaling pathways
Vimal K. Maurya,Swatantra Kumar,Saniya Ansari,Amod Kumar Sachan,Umashankar Singh,Janusz T. Paweska,Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim,Shailendra K. Saxena +7 more
TL;DR: In this article , the antiviral activity of natural compounds against JEV proteins was investigated via molecular docking, cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay, western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence assay.
References
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Estimated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review
Grant L. Campbell,Susan L. Hills,Marc Fischer,Julie Jacobson,Charles H. Hoke,Joachim Hombach,Anthony A. Marfin,Tom Solomon,Theodore F. Tsai,Vivien Tsu,Amy Sarah Ginsburg +10 more
TL;DR: The estimate of the global incidence of JE remains substantial despite improvements in vaccination coverage, and more and better incidence studies in selected countries, particularly China and India, are needed to further refine these estimates.
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The Role of Interleukin 6 During Viral Infections.
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Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Humans with Japanese Encephalitis
Peter M Winter,Nguyen Minh Dung,Ha Thi Loan,Rachel Kneen,Bridget Wills,Le Thi Thu,Deborah House,Nicholas J. White,Jeremy Farrar,C. Anthony Hart,Tom Solomon +10 more
TL;DR: During JEV infection, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are associated with a poor outcome, but whether they are simply a correlate of severe disease or contribute to pathogenesis remains to be determined.
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Japanese encephalitis - the prospects for new treatments.
TL;DR: The newly improved understanding of Japanese encephalitis pathogenesis is used to posit potential treatments and outline some of the many challenges that remain in tackling the disease in humans.
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Pivotal role of antibody and subsidiary contribution of CD8+ T cells to recovery from infection in a murine model of Japanese encephalitis
TL;DR: A mouse model for Japanese encephalitis is established and a critically important role for humoral immunity in preventing virus spread to the CNS is shown, highlighting the conflicting role that CD8+ T cells play in the pathogenesis of JEV and closely related encephalitic flaviviruses such as West Nile virus.