Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women
TLDR
The data suggest interesting relations between environmental and lifestyle factors and serum sex hormones, which are potentially modifiable and, hence, if associations between sex hormones and disease exist, modification of these factors could affect disease risks.Abstract:
Serum sex hormones may be related to the risk of several diseases in postmenopausal women. In the current report, the authors examined the epidemiology of serum sex hormones in 176 healthy, white postmenopausal women (mean age 58 years) recruited from the metropolitan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area. The data were collected during 1982-1983; none of the women were on estrogen replacement therapy. Serum concentrations of estrone, estradiol, testosterone, and androstenedione were measured by a combination of extraction, column chromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Neither age nor time since menopause was a significant predictor of sex hormones. The degree of obesity was a major determinant of estrone and estradiol. The estrone levels of obese women were about 40% higher than the levels of nonobese women. There was a weak relation between obesity and the androgens. Cigarette smokers had significantly higher levels of androstenedione than nonsmokers, with little difference in serum estrogens between smokers and nonsmokers. Both estrone and estradiol levels tended to decline with increasing alcohol consumption. Physical activity was an independent predictor of serum estrone. More active women had lower levels of estrone. There was a positive relation of muscle strength with estrogen levels. The data suggest interesting relations between environmental and lifestyle factors and serum sex hormones. These environmental and lifestyle factors are potentially modifiable and, hence, if associations between sex hormones and disease exist, modification of these factors could affect disease risks.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Graham A. Colditz,Susan E. Hankinson,David J. Hunter,Walter C. Willett,JoAnn E. Manson,Meir J. Stampfer,Charles H. Hennekens,Bernard Rosner,Frank E. Speizer +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of adding progestins to estrogen therapy on the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women is investigated. But, the effect on the number of newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases was not quantified.
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Obesity, endogenous hormones, and endometrial cancer risk: a synthetic review.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies on Height, Weight, and Breast Cancer Risk
Piet A. van den Brandt,Donna Spiegelman,Shiaw Shyuan Yaun,Hans-Olov Adami,Lawrence Beeson,Aaron R. Folsom,Gary E. Fraser,R. Alexandra Goldbohm,Saxon Graham,Lawrence H. Kushi,James R. Marshall,Anthony B. Miller,Tom Rohan,Stephanie A. Smith-Warner,Frank E. Speizer,Walter C. Willett,Alicja Wolk,David J. Hunter +17 more
TL;DR: The authors found little evidence for interaction with other breast cancer risk factors, and data indicate that height is an independent risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer; in premenopausal women, this relation is less clear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alcohol and breast cancer in women: a pooled analysis of cohort studies.
Stephanie A. Smith-Warner,Donna Spiegelman,Shiaw-Shyuan Yaun,P.A. van den Brandt,Aaron R. Folsom,R.A. Goldbohm,Saxon Graham,Lars Holmberg,Geoffrey R. Howe,James R. Marshall,Anthony B. Miller,John D. Potter,Frank E. Speizer,Walter C. Willett,Alicja Wolk,David J. Hunter +15 more
TL;DR: Alcohol consumption is associated with a linear increase in breast cancer incidence in women over the range of consumption reported by most women, and reducing alcohol consumption is a potential means to reduce breast cancer risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.
TL;DR: This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature in the English language, from 1942 to the present, and focuses on the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins, as well as the involved risk factors.
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