Journal ArticleDOI
The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Graham A. Colditz,Susan E. Hankinson,David J. Hunter,Walter C. Willett,JoAnn E. Manson,Meir J. Stampfer,Charles H. Hennekens,Bernard Rosner,Frank E. Speizer +8 more
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In this paper, the effect of adding progestins to estrogen therapy on the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women is investigated. But, the effect on the number of newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer cases was not quantified.Abstract:
Background The effect of adding progestins to estrogen therapy on the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women is controversial. Methods To quantify the relation between the use of hormones and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women, we extended our follow-up of the participants in the Nurses' Health Study to 1992. The women were asked to complete questionnaires every two years to update information on their menopausal status, use of estrogen and progestin preparations, and any diagnosis of breast cancer. During 725,550 person-years of follow-up, we documented 1935 cases of newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer. Results The risk of breast cancer was significantly increased among women who were currently using estrogen alone (relative risk, 1.32; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.54) or estrogen plus progestin (relative risk, 1.41; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.74), as compared with postmenopausal women who had never used hormones. Women currently taking hormones who ha...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
Jacques E. Rossouw,Garnet L. Anderson,Ross L. Prentice,Andrea Z. LaCroix,Charles Kooperberg,Marcia L. Stefanick,Rebecca D. Jackson,Shirley A.A. Beresford,Barbara V. Howard,Karen C. Johnson,Jane Morley Kotchen,Judith K. Ockene +11 more
TL;DR: Overall health risks exceeded benefits from use of combined estrogen plus progestin for an average 5.2-year follow-up among healthy postmenopausal US women, and the results indicate that this regimen should not be initiated or continued for primary prevention of CHD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52 705 women with breast cancer and 108 411 women without breast cancer
Eugenia E. Calle,Clark W. Heath,R. J. Coates,Jonathan M. Liff,Silvia Franceschi,R. Talamini,N. Chantarakul,Suporn Koetsawang,D. Rachawat,A. Morabia,L. Schuman,Walter F. Stewart,Moyses Szklo,Chris Bain,F. Schofield,Victor Siskind,Philip A. Band,Andrew J. Coldman,Richard P. Gallagher,T. G. Hislop,P. Yang,Stephen W. Duffy,L. M. Kolonel,A. M.Y. Nomura,Mark W. Oberle,Howard W. Ory,Herbert B. Peterson,Hoyt G. Wilson,Phyllis A. Wingo,K. Ebeling,D. Kunde,P. Nishan,Graham A. Colditz,Nicholas G. Martin,Tieng Pardthaisong,S. Silpisornkosol,C. Theetranont,B. Boosiri,S. Chutivongse,P. Jimakorn,Pramuan Virutamasen,C. Wongsrichanalai,Anthony J. McMichael,T. Rohan,Marianne Ewertz,Carle Paul,David C. G. Skegg,G. F. S. Spears,P. Boyle,M. Evstifeeva,J. R. Daling,W. B. Hutchinson,Kathi Malone,E. A. Noonan,Janet L. Stanford,David B. Thomas,N. S. Weiss,Emily White,N. Andrieu,A. Bràmond,F Clavel,B. Gairard,J. Lansac,L. Piana,R. Renaud,S. R.P. Fine,H. R. Cuevas,P. Ontiveros,A. Palet,S. B. Salazar,N. Aristizabel,A. Cuadros,A. Bachelot,M. G. Lê,J. Deacon,Julian Peto,C. N. Taylor,E. Alfandary,Baruch Modan,Elaine Ron,Gary D. Friedman,Robert A. Hiatt,T. Bishop,J. Kosmelj,M. Primic-Zakelj,B. Ravnihar,J. Stare,W. L. Beeson,Graeme Fraser,R. D. Bulbrook,Jack Cuzick,I. S. Fentiman,J. L. Hayward,De Yun Wang,R. L. Hanson,M. C. Leske,Martin C. Mahoney,P. C. Nasca,A. O. Varma,A. L. Weinstein,Torgil Möller,Håkan Olsson,Jonas Ranstam,R.A. Goldbohm,P.A. van den Brandt,R. A. Apelo,J. Baens,J. R. de la Cruz,B. Javier,L. B. Lacaya,Corazon A. Ngelangel,C. La Vecchia,E. Negri,Ettore Marubini,Monica Ferraroni,Mariette Gerber,Sylvia Richardson,C. Segala,D. Gatei,P. Kenya,A. Kungu,J. G. Mati,L A Brinton,Robert N. Hoover,Catherine Schairer,Robert Spirtas,H. P. Lee,Matti A. Rookus,F.E. van Leeuwen,J. A. Schoenberg,Marilie D. Gammon,E. A. Clarke,Lee W. Jones,Klim McPherson,A. Neil,M. Vessey,D. Yeates,Valerie Beral,Diana Bull,B. Crossley,C Hermon,Simon Jones,Timothy J. Key,Claire E. Lewis,Gillian K Reeves,Rory Collins,Richard Doll,Richard Peto,P. Hannaford,Kay Cr,Luis Rosero-Bixby,Jian-Min Yuan,H. Y. Wei,T. Yun,C. Zhiheng,G. Berry,J Cooper Booth,T. Jelihovsky,Robert MacLennan,R. Shearman,Q. S. Wang,C. J. Baines,Anthony B. Miller,C. Wall,Eiliv Lund,H. Stalsberg,A. Dabancens,L. Martinez,R. Molina,O. Salas,Freda E. Alexander,B. S. Hulka,C. E. D. Chilvers,Leslie Bernstein,Robert W. Haile,Annlia Paganini-Hill,M. C. Pike,R. K. Ross,Giske Ursin,Mimi C. Yu,M. P. Longnecker,Polly A. Newcomb,T. M.N. Farley,S. Holck,O. Meirik,Hans-Olov Adami,R. Bergkvist,Ingemar Persson,Fabio Levi,Kiyohiko Mabuchi,Dale L. Preston,Klea Katsouyanni,Antonia Trichopoulou,D. Trichopoulos,Leif Bergkvist +194 more
TL;DR: Of the many factors examined that might affect the relation between breast cancer risk and use of HRT, only a woman's weight and body-mass index had a material effect: the increase in the relative risk of breast cancer diagnosed in women using HRT and associated with long durations of use in current and recent users was greater for women of lower than of higher weight or body- mass index.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study
Garnet L. Anderson,S. Cummings,L. S. Freedman,C. Furberg,Maureen M. Henderson,Susan R. Johnson,L. Kuller,JoAnn E. Manson,A. Oberman,Ross L. Prentice,Jacques E. Rossouw,L. Finnegan,R. Hiatt,L. Pottern,J. McGowan,C. Clifford,B. Caan,V. Kipnis,B. Ettinger,S. Sidney,G. Bailey,Andrea Z. LaCroix,Anne McTiernan,Deborah J. Bowen,C. Chen,Barbara B. Cochrane,Julie R. Hunt,Alan R. Kristal,Brian J. Lund,Ruth E. Patterson,Jeffrey L. Probstfield,Lesley F. Tinker,Nicole Urban,Ching Yun Wang,Emily White,J. M. Kotchen,S. Shumaker,P. Rautaharju,F. Rautaharju,E. Stein,P. Laskarzewski,P. Steiner,K. Sagar,M. Nevitt,M. Dockrell,T. Fuerst,John H. Himes,M. Stevens,F. Cammarata,S. Lindenfelser,Bruce M. Psaty,D. Siscovick,W. Longstreth,S. Heckbert,S. Wassertheil-Smoller,W. Frishman,Judy Wylie-Rosett,D. Barad,R. Freeman,S. Miller,Jennifer Hays,R. Young,C. Crowley,M. A. DePoe,G. Burke,E. Paskett,L. Wagenknecht,R. Crouse,L. Parsons,T. Kotchen,E. Braunwald,J. Buring,C. Hennekens,J. M. Gaziano,Annlouise R. Assaf,R. C. Carleton,M. Miller,C. Wheeler,A. Hume,M. Pedersen,O. Strickland,M. Huber,V. Porter,Shirley A.A. Beresford,V. Taylor,N. Woods,J. Hsia,V. Barnabei,M. Bovun,Rowan T. Chlebowski,R. Detrano,A. Nelson,J. Heiner,S. Pushkin,B. Valanis,V. Stevens,E. Whitlock,N. Karanja,A. Clark +98 more
TL;DR: The rationale for the interventions being studied in each of the CT components and for the inclusion of the OS component is described, including a brief description of the scientific and logistic complexity of the WHI.
Journal ArticleDOI
ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Elliott M. Antman,Daniel T. Anbe,Paul W. Armstrong,Eric R. Bates,Lee A. Green,Mary M. Hand,Judith S. Hochman,Harlan M. Krumholz,Frederick G. Kushner,Gervasio A. Lamas,Charles J. Mullany,Joseph P. Ornato,David L. Pearle,Michael A. Sloan,Sidney C. Smith,Joseph S. Alpert,Jeffrey L. Anderson,David P. Faxon,Valentin Fuster,Raymond J. Gibbons,Gabriel Gregoratos,Jonathan L. Halperin,Loren F. Hiratzka,Sharon A. Hunt,Alice K. Jacobs +24 more
TL;DR: This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Board of Trustees on May 7, 2004 and by theAmerican Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on May 5, 2004.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Breast Cancer and Mammography in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial
Rowan T. Chlebowski,Susan L. Hendrix,Robert Langer,Marcia L. Stefanick,Margery Gass,Dorothy S. Lane,Rebecca J. Rodabough,Mary Ann Gilligan,Michele G. Cyr,Cynthia A. Thomson,Janardan D. Khandekar,Helen Petrovitch,Anne McTiernan +12 more
TL;DR: Relatively short-term combined estrogen plus progestin use increases incident breast cancers, which are diagnosed at a more advanced stage compared with placebo use, and also substantially increases the percentage of women with abnormal mammograms, a pattern which continued for the study duration.
References
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