The global atmospheric electric circuit, solar activity and climate change
TLDR
In this paper, the fair-weather global electric circuit has been studied and it has been shown that lightning and thunderstorms must occur continually to maintain the fair weather electric field, and the time constant of the circuit, ∼>2 min, demonstrates that thunderstorms are necessary and sufficient for maintaining the electric field.About:
This article is published in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics.The article was published on 2000-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 319 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Global atmospheric electrical circuit & Atmospheric electricity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Solar influences on climate
Lesley J. Gray,Lesley J. Gray,Juerg Beer,M. Geller,Joanna D. Haigh,Mike Lockwood,Mike Lockwood,Katja Matthes,Ulrich Cubasch,Dominik Fleitmann,Dominik Fleitmann,Giles Harrison,Lon L. Hood,Jürg Luterbacher,Gerald A. Meehl,Drew Shindell,B. van Geel,W. White +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of this review article has evolved from work carried out by an international team of the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland, and from work performed under the auspices of Scientific Committee on Solar Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) regarding climate and weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES).
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The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source
Ulrich Schumann,Heidi Huntrieser +1 more
TL;DR: The best estimate of the annual global LNOx nitrogen oxides nitrogen mass source and its uncertainty range is (5±3) Tg a−1 in this paper, implying larger flash-specific NOx emissions.
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Ion-aerosol-cloud processes in the lower atmosphere
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ionization on the physical properties of aerosols and clouds has been studied in its own right except in thunderstorms, and the authors conclude that a mechanism linking cosmic ray ionization and cloud properties cannot be excluded and that there are established electrical effects on aerosol and cloud microphysics.
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Electrical discharge from a thundercloud top to the lower ionosphere
TL;DR: A video recording of a blue jet propagating upwards from a thundercloud to an altitude of about 70 km is reported, taken at the Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico, to speculate that it may be common and therefore represent an unaccounted for component of the global electric circuit.
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Detection and learning of floral electric fields by bumblebees
TL;DR: A formerly unappreciated sensory modality in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), detection of floral electric fields is reported, which may facilitate rapid and dynamic communication between flowers and their pollinators.
References
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Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the very low temperatures which prevail from midwinter until several weeks after the spring equinox make the Antarctic stratosphere uniquely sensitive to growth of inorganic chlorine, ClX, primarily by the effect of this growth on the NO2/NO ratio.
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Stratospheric ozone depletion: A review of concepts and history
TL;DR: A brief history of the science of ozone depletion and a conceptual framework to explain the key processes involved, with a focus on chemistry is described in this article, and observations of ozone and of chlorine-related trace gases near 40 km provide evidence that gas phase chemistry has indeed currently depleted about 10% of the stratospheric ozone there as predicted, and the vertical and horizontal struc- tures of this depletion are fingerprints for that process.
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Variation of cosmic ray flux and global cloud coverage—a missing link in solar-climate relationships
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the global cloud cover observed by satellites and found that the observed variation of 3-4% of the cloud cover during the recent solar cycle is strongly correlated with the cosmic ray flux.
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A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
Colin Price,David Rind +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a simple parameterization has been developed to simulate global lightning distributions, with different formulations for continental and marine thunderstorms, and validated using two lightning data sets: one global and one regional.
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The electrification of the atmosphere by particles from bubbles in the sea
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the amount of induction charging by such small electric fields was less than 5 per cent of that charge which the drops carried in the absence of a field.