Journal ArticleDOI
The International EU/COLIPA In Vitro Phototoxicity Validation Study : Results of Phase II (Blind Trial). Part 1 : The 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test
Horst Spielmann,M. Balls,M. Balls,J. Dupuis,J. Dupuis,W.J. Pape,W.J. Pape,W.J. Pape,G. Pechovitch,G. Pechovitch,O. De Silva,O. De Silva,O. De Silva,H.-G. Holzhütter,H.-G. Holzhütter,H.-G. Holzhütter,R. Clothier,R. Clothier,R. Clothier,P. Desolle,P. Desolle,P. Desolle,Frank Gerberick,Frank Gerberick,Frank Gerberick,M. Liebsch,M. Liebsch,Will W. Lovell,Will W. Lovell,Th. Maurer,Th. Maurer,Th. Maurer,U. Pfannenbecker,U. Pfannenbecker,U. Pfannenbecker,J.M. Potthast,J.M. Potthast,J.M. Potthast,M. Csato,M. Csato,M. Csato,Dariusz Sladowski,Dariusz Sladowski,W. Steiling,W. Steiling,W. Steiling,P. Brantom,P. Brantom +47 more
TLDR
A draft OECD Guideline for "In Vitro Phototoxicity Testing", incorporating the standard protocol of the 3T3 NRU PT test, will be submitted to the OECD test guidelines programme in due course.About:
This article is published in Toxicology in Vitro.The article was published on 1998-06-01. It has received 242 citations till now.read more
Citations
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Oecd guideline for testing of chemicals
TL;DR: The comet assay has been reviewed and recommendations have been published by various expert groups and this Test Guideline provides succinct and useful guidance to users of these Test Guidelines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydroxyl radicals (*OH) are associated with titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in fish cells.
TL;DR: Investigations aimed to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TiO(2) nanoparticles on goldfish skin cells (GFSk-S1), either alone or in combination with UVA revealed that the observed toxic effects of nanoparticulate TiO (2) were most likely due to hydroxyl radical (OH) formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methods of in vitro toxicology.
G. Eisenbrand,B.L. Pool-Zobel,V.A. Baker,Michael Balls,Bas J. Blaauboer,Alan R. Boobis,Angelo Carere,S Kevekordes,Jean-Claude Lhuguenot,Raymond Pieters,J Kleiner +10 more
TL;DR: This paper critically reviews the entire process of risk assessment by in vitro toxicology, encompassing ongoing and future developments, with major emphasis on cytotoxicity, cellular responses, toxicokinetics, modelling, metabolism, cancer-related endpoints, developmental toxicity, prediction of allergenicity, and finally, development and application of biomarkers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human safety review of “nano” titanium dioxide and zinc oxide
Karsten Schilling,Bobbie Bradford,Dominique Castelli,Eric K. Dufour,J. Frank Nash,Wolfgang Pape,Stefan Schulte,Ian Tooley,Jeroen van den Bosch,Florian Schellauf +9 more
TL;DR: The public health benefits of sunscreens containing nano TiO(2) and/or ZnO outweigh human safety concerns for these UV filters, and the in vitro genotoxic and photogenotoxic profiles of these nano-structured metal oxides are of no consequence to human health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Criteria for development of a database for safety evaluation of fragrance ingredients.
TL;DR: This approach, specifically considering the dermal route of exposure as the most relevant one for fragrance ingredients, has been developed and is designed to be conservative but not so much so as to require excessive effort when not justified.
References
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Book
An introduction to the bootstrap
Bradley Efron,Robert Tibshirani +1 more
TL;DR: This article presents bootstrap methods for estimation, using simple arguments, with Minitab macros for implementing these methods, as well as some examples of how these methods could be used for estimation purposes.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
TL;DR: Statistical theory attacks the problem from both ends as discussed by the authors, and provides optimal methods for finding a real signal in a noisy background, and also provides strict checks against the overinterpretation of random patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption
TL;DR: A method is described which combines the use of a visual morphological cytotoxicity assay with a quantitative neutral red (NR) spectrophotometric test, for the assessment of the effect of toxic agents on 3T3 cells in culture.