Journal ArticleDOI
The Medieval Metal Industry Was the Cradle of Modern Large-Scale Atmospheric Lead Pollution in Northern Europe
Maja-Lena Brännvall,Richard Bindler,Ingemar Renberg,Ove Emteryd,Jerzy Bartnicki,Kjell Billström +5 more
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In this article, the authors used analyses of lead concentrations and stable lead isotopes (206Pb/207Pb ratios) of annually laminated sediments from four lakes in northern Sweden (∼65° N) to provide a decadal record of atmospheric lead pollution for the last 3000 years.Abstract:
There is great concern for contamination of sensitive ecosystems in high latitudes by long-range transport of heavy metals and other pollutants derived from industrial areas in lower latitudes. Atmospheric pollution of heavy metals has a very long history, and since metals accumulate in the environment, understanding of present-day pollution conditions requires knowledge of past atmospheric deposition. We use analyses of lead concentrations and stable lead isotopes (206Pb/207Pb ratios) of annually laminated sediments from four lakes in northern Sweden (∼65° N) to provide a decadal record of atmospheric lead pollution for the last 3000 years. There is a clear signal in the sediments of airborne pollution from Greek and Roman cultures 2000 years ago, followed by a period of “clean” conditions 400−900 A.D. From 900 A.D. there was a conspicuous, permanent increase in atmospheric lead pollution fallout. The sediments reveal peaks in atmospheric lead pollution at 1200 and 1530 A.D. comparable to present-day lev...read more
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Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease
Klaudia Jomová,Marian Valko +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals is provided.
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Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: A Paleoenvironmental Perspective
TL;DR: The second edition of the Rosetta Stone has been published by as discussed by the authors, which is used to calibrate indicators to environmental variables using surface-sediment training sets, such as ozone depletion, acid rain, and climatic warming.
Journal ArticleDOI
Varves in lake sediments – a review
TL;DR: In this article, a multidisciplinary approach is proposed to establish a varve chronology, which can be applied to precisely date events like volcanic ash layers, earthquakes or human impact, as well as short and long-term climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, hydroclimatic conditions or flooding) and environmental changes (eutrophication, pollution).
Journal ArticleDOI
9000 years of geochemical evolution of lithogenic major and trace elements in the sediment of an alpine lake – the role of climate, vegetation, and land-use history
Karin A. Koinig,William Shotyk,William Shotyk,André F. Lotter,André F. Lotter,Christian Ohlendorf,Michael Sturm +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a sediment core obtained from a Swiss alpine hard-water lake (1937 ma.s.BP-1996 AD) is analyzed in order to reconstruct the effects of changes in vegetation and of 3500 years of land-use in the catchment area on sediment geochemistry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Using the historical atmospheric lead-deposition record as a chronological marker in sediment deposits in Europe:
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of lake-sediment and peat deposits in Sweden and other regions in Europe, as well as ice cores from Greenland, suggest synchronous temporal changes in past pollution deposition, which can be used to determine, with reasonable accuracy, at which levels ad 0, ad 1000-1200 and ad 1970 are situat...
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Distinct Mechanism for Antidepressant Activity by Blockade of Central Substance P Receptors
Mark S. Kramer,N.R. Cutler,John P. Feighner,Ram K. Shrivastava,John Carman,John J. Sramek,Scott A. Reines,Guanghan Liu,Duane B. Snavely,Edwina Wyatt-Knowles,Jeffrey J. Hale,Sander G. Mills,Malcolm MacCoss,Christopher John Swain,Timothy Harrison,Raymond G. Hill,Franz Hefti,Edward M. Scolnick,Margaret A. Cascieri,Gary G. Chicchi,Sharon Sadowski,Angela Williams,Louise Hewson,David D. Smith,Emma J. Carlson,Richard Hargreaves,Nadia M.J. Rupniak +26 more
TL;DR: The localization of substance P in brain regions that coordinate stress responses and receive convergent monoaminergic innervation suggested that substance P antagonists might have psychotherapeutic properties was found to be correct.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical concentrations of pollutant lead aerosols, terrestrial dusts and sea salts in Greenland and Antarctic snow strata☆
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported analyses of lead in annual ice layers from the interior of northern Greenland and in annual layers of ice from interior of the Antarctic continent, showing that lead concentrations increase from 0.200 γPb/kg ice today in north pole ice sheets, the sharpest rise occurring after 1940.
Journal ArticleDOI
History of Atmospheric Lead Deposition Since 12,370 14C yr BP from a Peat Bog, Jura Mountains, Switzerland
William Shotyk,Dominik J. Weiss,Peter G. Appleby,A. Cheburkin,Robert Frei,M. Gloor,Jan Kramers,S. Reese,W.O. van der Knaap +8 more
TL;DR: A continuous record of atmospheric lead since 12,370 carbon-14 years before the present (14C yr BP) is preserved in a Swiss peat bog, indicating the beginning of lead pollution from mining and smelting, and anthropogenic sources have dominated lead emissions ever since.
Book
Inductively coupled plasmas in analytical atomic spectrometry
Akbar Montaser,D. W. Golightly +1 more
TL;DR: The Significance of Inductively Coupled Plasmas Relative to Other Laboratory Plassmas in Analytical Spectrometry The Problem of Spectral Interferences and Line Selection in Plasma Emission Spectrometer.