Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2011"

TL;DR: An overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals is provided.

TL;DR: This is the first report showing that nickel ferrite nanoparticles induced apoptosis in A549 cells through ROS generation and oxidative stress via p53, survivin, bax/bcl-2 and caspase pathways.

TL;DR: NP interference with the LDH assay depends on the type of NPs and the suitability of the assay for assessing NP toxicity should be examined case by case.

TL;DR: This analysis indicates that research on the general problem of DBPs requires a more systematic approach than has been pursued in the past, and predictive chemical tools to guide further research can help bring resolution to the DBP issue.

TL;DR: It is concluded that zebrafish embryos are able to activate proteratogenic substances without addition of an exogenous metabolic activation system and are a useful alternative method for traditional teratogenicity testing with mammalian species.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that multiple nuclear receptors participate in the metabolic response to PFOA and PFOS exposure resulting in a substantial shift from carbohydrate metabolism to fatty acid oxidation and hepatic triglyceride accumulation in rat liver cells.

TL;DR: It is indicated that berberine could be effective in protecting the liver from acute CCl(4)-induced injury and may be related to the free radical scavenging and attenuation of oxidative/nitrosative stress, as well as to the inhibition of inflammatory response in the liver.

TL;DR: The experimental evidence demonstrated that the neonatal exposure of rats to BPA led to aberrant DNA methylation in testis, indicating methylation mediated epigenetic changes as one of the possible mechanisms of BPA induced adverse effects on spermatogenesis and fertility.

TL;DR: Results suggest that nano copper can trigger both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in oxidative stress mediated kidney dysfunction.

TL;DR: The results suggest that FA protects from CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury through reduction of oxidative damage and inflammatory signaling pathways.

TL;DR: Mapping relationships across 93,440 chemical-assay pairs based on half-maximal activity concentration (AC50) revealed both known and novel targets in signaling and metabolic pathways.

TL;DR: CdTe QDs could not only impair mitochondria but also exert endothelial toxicity through activation of mitochondrial death pathway and induction of endothelial apoptosis, revealing that exposure to QDs is a significant risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases.

TL;DR: A volume-based generic mass concentration of 0.5 μl PM(respirable)/m³ x agglomerate density, independent on nano- or submicron-sized properties, is supported as a generic no-adverse effect level in both rats and humans.

TL;DR: The results show that the genotoxicity of B[a]P in binary mixtures with other carcinogenic PAH may be modulated, and several biological mechanisms may account for these observations.

TL;DR: It is found that co-administration of LA to rats chronically treated with TAA inhibited the development of liver Cirrhosis, as indicated by reductions in cirrhosis incidence, hepatic fibrosis, and AST/ALT activities.

TL;DR: Substantial evidence is presented for the first time substantial evidence that administration of C(60)HyFn significantly reduces diabetes-induced oxidative stress and associated complications such as testicular dysfunction and spermatogenic disruption.

TL;DR: It was found that SFN prevents CIS-induced hepatic damage, oxidant stress and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver and mitochondria and mitochondrial alterations in oxygen consumption and decreases activity of mitochondrial complex I.

TL;DR: The present investigation was conducted to assess if Hsp70 induction, a parameter of protective and adaptive response, is a systematic biomarker to mycotoxin intoxications and all mycotoxins undergo oxidative stress in there toxic signalling pathways.

TL;DR: The results indicated that betulin and betulinic acid inhibited ethanol-induced activation of HSCs on different levels, acting as antioxidants, inhibitors of cytokine production, and inhibitors of TGF-β, and NFκB/IκB transduction signaling.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that AMSCs may be a useful treatment for stroke or neurodegenerative diseases which often involve excitotoxicity is supported.

TL;DR: It is suggested that a large number of structurally diverse pesticides and their metabolites possess PXR-mediated transcriptional activity, and their ability to do so varies in a species-dependent manner in humans and mice.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that MeCP2 and DNA methylation may provide molecular mechanisms for perpetuated fibroblast activation and fibrogenesis in the liver.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that PFOS leaves the bloodstream and enters most tissues in a dose-dependent manner, with identification of thymus as a novel site for localization forPFOS and bone (bone marrow), skin and muscle as significant body compartments for PFOS.

TL;DR: Treatment with MC-LR leads to the reorganization of cytoskeletal architectures in PC12 cells and hyperphosphorylation of tau and HSP27, which may be caused by direct PP2A inhibition and indirect p38 MAPK activation.

TL;DR: Of all tested ergot alkaloids ergocristine was the most cytotoxic compound inducing apoptosis in human kidney cells starting at a concentration of 1μM in RPTEC, and for the first time apoptosis has been identified besides well described receptor effects.

TL;DR: Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics experiments performed on Sprague-Dawley rats suggested that high doses of MA inhibit biogenic energy production by glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation via the TCA cycle, and the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.

TL;DR: It is shown that genistein can induce estrogen-dependent MCF-7 tumor cell growth and increase breast cancer-associated aromatase expression and activity in vitro and suggest that soy-based supplements might affect the efficacy of breast cancer treatment with aromat enzyme inhibitors.

TL;DR: Results suggest that a large number of OH-PCBs might act as agonists and/or antagonists against ERα/β, AR and GR.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on many environmental inhibitors of 11β-HSD2 including licorice components, gossypol, phthalates, organotins, alkylphenols and perfluorinated substances.

TL;DR: Analysis of cytoprotective role of arjunolic acid against Cd induced oxidative impairment and cell death in murine hepatocytes suggests that Cd-induced hepatic dysfunction and apoptosis might be supported by the ROS formation and mediated via the activation of NF-κB.