Journal ArticleDOI
The role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes
Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo,Diego Gomez-Arbelaez,Jose Lopez-Lopez,Cristina Lopez-Lopez,Javier Martínez-Ortega,Andrea Gómez-Rodríguez,Stefany Triana-Cubillos +6 more
TLDR
It appears that interactions between angiotensin II and leptin/adiponectin imbalance may be important mediators of the elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases associated with abdominal obesity.Abstract:
The metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, with insulin resistance and adiposity as its central features. Identifying individuals with metabolic syndrome is important due to its association with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Attention has focused on the visceral adipose tissue production of cytokines (adipokines) in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as the levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin are decreased, while proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, creating a proinflammatory state associated with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will give special attention to the role of the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We have previously demonstrated that in individuals with severe coronary artery disease, abdominal obesity was uniquely related to decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin and increased leptin levels. Leptin/adiponectin imbalance was associated with increased waist circumference and a decreased vascular response to acetylcholine and increased vasoconstriction due to angiotensin II. Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance. Leptin upregulates proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6; these are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, adiponectin has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the expression and release of a number of proinflammatory immune mediators. Therefore, it appears that interactions between angiotensin II and leptin/adiponectin imbalance may be important mediators of the elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases associated with abdominal obesity.read more
Citations
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Multifaceted Physiological Roles of Adiponectin in Inflammation and Diseases.
TL;DR: The current roles of adiponectin in metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases is summarized and knowledge on the specific functions of isoforms would help develop potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics to target specific adiponECTin isoforms against metabolic disordersand autoimmune diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity and inflammation
Jacek Karczewski,Ewelina Śledzińska,Alina Baturo,Izabela Jończyk,Aleksander Maleszko,Paweł Samborski,Beata Begier-Krasińska,Agnieszka Dobrowolska +7 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of obesity has recently increased dramatically and has contributed to the increasing prevalence of various pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, asthma, various types of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and others.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipocytes properties and crosstalk with immune system in obesity‐related inflammation
TL;DR: Deeply understanding the pathways of adipocyte regulation and the de‐differentiation process could be extremely useful for developing novel strategies aimed at curbing obesity‐related inflammation and related metabolic disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of canagliflozin versus glimepiride on adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes
W. Timothy Garvey,Luc Van Gaal,Lawrence A. Leiter,Ujjwala Vijapurkar,James List,Robert Cuddihy,Jimmy Ren,Michael J. Davies +7 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that canagliflozin may improve adipose tissue function and induce changes in serum leptin, adiponectin, and IL-6 that favorably impact insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leptin-Aldosterone-Neprilysin Axis: Identification of Its Distinctive Role in the Pathogenesis of the Three Phenotypes of Heart Failure in People With Obesity.
TL;DR: Activation of the leptin-aldosterone-neprilysin axis appears to contribute importantly to the evolution and progression of heart failure in people with obesity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity
K. G. M. M. Alberti,Robert H. Eckel,Scott M. Grundy,Paul Zimmet,James I. Cleeman,Karen A. Donato,Jean Charles Fruchart,W. Philip T. James,Catherine M. Loria,Sidney C. Smith +9 more
TL;DR: It was agreed that there should not be an obligatory component, but that waist measurement would continue to be a useful preliminary screening tool, and a single set of cut points would be used for all components except waist circumference, for which further work is required.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
TL;DR: These results from a representative sample of US adults show that the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent and the large numbers of US residents with the metabolic Syndrome may have important implications for the health care sector.
Journal ArticleDOI
The metabolic syndrome
TL;DR: The pathophysiology seems to be largely attributable to insulin resistance with excessive flux of fatty acids implicated, and a proinflammatory state probably contributes to the metabolic syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity.
Yukio Arita,Shinji Kihara,Noriyuki Ouchi,Masahiko Takahashi,Kazuhisa Maeda,Jun-ichiro Miyagawa,Kikuko Hotta,Iichiro Shimomura,Tadashi Nakamura,Koji Miyaoka,Hiroshi Kuriyama,Makoto Nishida,Shizuya Yamashita,Kosaku Okubo,Kenji Matsubara,Masahiro Muraguchi,Yasuichi Ohmoto,Tohru Funahashi,Yuji Matsuzawa +18 more
TL;DR: Plasma concentrations of adiponectin in obese subjects were significantly lower than those in non-obese subjects, although adip onectin is secreted only from adipose tissue.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insulin Resistance: A Multifaceted Syndrome Responsible for NIDDM, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
TL;DR: In summary, insulin resistance appears to be a syndrome that is associated with a clustering of metabolic disorders, including non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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