Journal ArticleDOI
The short term accumulation of axonally transported organelles in the region of localized lesions of single myelinated axons
TLDR
Analysis of results led to the conclusion that DLB were transported up to the lesion and represent the majority of the optically detectable particles which are transported in the retrograde direction.Abstract:
Myelinated axons were isolated from the sciatic nerve ofXenopus laevis and were subjected to localized (<30 μm wide) lesions. In axons which were bathed in a 0.12 M potassium glutamate solution there was very little local reaction to the lesion and optically-detectable particles undergoing axoplasmic transport accumulated immediately adjacent to, and mostly distal to, the lesion. Preparations fixed for electron microscopy at times up to 3 h following the lesion showed that the axoplasmic changes about the lesion were asymmetrical. Large organelles predominated on the distal side of the lesion; these were mostly dense lamellar bodies (DLB) with mean dimensions, as determined from thin sections, of 0.48 by 0.19 μm. Multivesicular bodies, mitochondria, and a variety of smaller membrane bounded bodies also appeared in the particle accumulation distal to the lesion. Analysis of these results led to the conclusion that DLB were transported up to the lesion and represent the majority of the optically detectable particles which are transported in the retrograde direction. Small vesicles and tubules were the commonest structures which accumulated proximal to the lesion. The time course of this accumulation was consistent with the hypothesis that these structures are particulate bodies which move in the orthograde direction at about 1.5 μm/s.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility
Ronald D. Vale,Ronald D. Vale,Ronald D. Vale,Thomas S. Reese,Michael P. Sheetz,Michael P. Sheetz +5 more
TL;DR: The partial purification of a protein from squid giant axons and optic lobes that induces microtubule-based movements is reported and there is a homologous protein in bovine brain, for which the name kinesin is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cellular and molecular basis of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Susan Y. Fu,Tessa Gordon +1 more
TL;DR: Axonal regeneration may be facilitated by new strategies that enhance the growth potential of neurons and optimize the growth support of the distal nerve stump in combination with prompt nerve repair.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-linker system between neurofilaments, microtubules and membranous organelles in frog axons revealed by the quick-freeze, deep-etching method
TL;DR: The elaborate cross-connections among membranous organelles, microtubules, and neurofilaments were demonstrated in unifixed axons by the quick-freeze, deep-etch, and rotary-shadowing method and it is concluded that the cross- connections are real structures while the granular material is composed of soluble material, probably protein in nature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinesin-1 and Dynein Are the Primary Motors for Fast Transport of Mitochondria in Drosophila Motor Axons
TL;DR: Observation of organelle-filled axonal swellings caused by kinesin and dynein mutations showed that mitochondria could move vigorously within and pass through them, indicating that they were not the simple steric transport blockades suggested previously.
Journal ArticleDOI
The neuron-specific kinesin superfamily protein KIF1A is a uniqye monomeric motor for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors
TL;DR: This work cloned KIF1A, a novel neuron-specific kinesin superfamily motor that was discovered to be a monomeric, globular molecule and that had the fastest reported anterograde motor activity (1.2 microns/s).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gangliosides as membrane receptors for tetanus toxin, cholera toxin and serotonin
TL;DR: There is good evidence that the monosialosyl ganglioside may be the receptor for cholera toxin in cell membranes; what of the disialosid and tetanus toxin?
Journal ArticleDOI
Lysosomes in the rat sciatic nerve following crush
Eric Holtzman,Alex B. Novikoff +1 more
TL;DR: Peripheral nerves undergoing degeneration are favorable material for studying the types, origins, and functions of lysosomes, and the breakdown of organelles within these vacuoles may have significance for the reorganization of the axoplasm preparatory to regeneration.
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the smooth endoplasmic reticulum appears as a continuous intraaxonal pathway bridging the perikaryon and the axon terminal; the SER conveys macromolecular components with the fast axonal transport; and the conveyed Macromolecules are probably transferred by means of connections with the SER.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gangliosides and acetylcholinesterase in isolated membranes of the rat-brain cortex
TL;DR: The lack of gangliosides and acetylcholinesterase in synaptic vesicles is emphasized, and the possible physiological significance of these complex acidic glycolipids in some neuronal membranes is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fine structure of Meissner's touch corpuscles of human fingers.
Nikolajs Cauna,Leonard L. Ross +1 more
TL;DR: Thin slices of the finger pads of six individuals were fixed in buffered 1 per cent osmic acid, embedded in deaerated, nitrogenated methacrylate, and cut into thin sections for electron microscopic study, discussing the problems of the function of Meissner's corpuscle, neural material loss and replacement, and the presence of synapses.
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