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Tracing the tropics across land and sea: Permian to present

TLDR
In this paper, the authors examined the continuity through the past 300 million years of key tropical sediment types, namely coals, evaporites, reefs and carbonates, examined physical controls for their geographical distributions are related to the Hadley cell circulation, and its effects on rainfall and ocean circulation Climate modelling studies are reviewed in this context, as are biogeographical studies of key fossil groups.
Abstract
The continuity through the past 300 million years of key tropical sediment types, namely coals, evaporites, reefs and carbonates, is examined Physical controls for their geographical distributions are related to the Hadley cell circulation, and its effects on rainfall and ocean circulation Climate modelling studies are reviewed in this context, as are biogeographical studies of key fossil groups Low-latitude peats and coals represent everwet climates related to the Intertropical Convergence Zone near the Equator, as well as coastal diurnal rainfall systems elsewhere in the tropics and subtropics The incidence of tropical coals and rainforests through time is variable, being least common during the interval of Pangean monsoonal climates Evaporites represent the descending limbs of the Hadley cells and are centred at 10° to 40° north and south in latitudes that today show an excess of evaporation over precipitation These deposits coincide with the deserts as well as seasonally rainy climates, and their latitudinal ranges seem to have been relatively constant through time Reefs also can be related to the Hadley circulation They thrive within the regions of clear water associated with broad areas of downwelling which are displaced toward the western portions of tropical oceans These dynamic features are ultimately driven by the subtropical high-pressure cells which are the surface signature of the subsiding branches of the Hadley circulation Carbonates occupy the same areas, but extend into higher latitudes in regions where terrestrial surface gradients are low and clastic runoff from the land is minimal We argue that the palaeo-latitudinal record of all these climate-sensitive sediment types is broadly similar to their environments and latitudes of formation today, implying that dynamic effects of atmospheric and oceanic circulation control their distribution, rather than temperature gradients that would expand or contract through time

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Climate warming in the latest Permian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinction

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use radiometrically dated Early Permian volcanic rocks from parts of Adria that are tectonically coherent with Africa (Gondwana), integrated with published coeval data from Gondwana and Laurasia, again only from igneous rocks, fully support a Pangea ‘B’ configuration in the early permian.
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Biology of mangroves and mangrove Ecosystems

TL;DR: Mangroves are woody plants that grow at the interface between land and sea in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes where they exist in conditions of high salinity, extreme tides, strong winds, high temperatures and muddy, anaerobic soils, creating unique ecological environments that host rich assemblages of species.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nutrient excess and the demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms

TL;DR: In the geologic record, drowned reefs and carbonate platforms typically exhibit evidence of nondeposition, bioerosion, and reduced redox potential, which indicate excess nutrient availability during drowning.
Book

Corals in space and time : biogeography and evolution of the Scleractinia

TL;DR: In this paper, a new book about corals in space and time biogeography and evolution of the scleractinia comstock book is presented, which can be a new way to explore the knowledge.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to forcing parameters and implications for its evolution

TL;DR: In this paper, a general-circulation model was used to estimate the sensitivity of the Indian monsoon to changes in orbital parameters, the orography of Tibet-Himalaya, atmospheric C02 concentration and the extent of glacialage surface boundary conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI

Andean tectonics as a cause for changing drainage patterns in Miocene northern South America

TL;DR: In the early Miocene, a large part of the drainage of northwest Amazonia was directed northward along the paleo-Orinoco river system to a deltain Lake Maracaibo.
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Q1. What are the contributions in this paper?

In this paper, the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the data collected by the data collection system.