Journal ArticleDOI
Transition metal-based hydrogen electrodes in alkaline solution — electrocatalysis on nickel based binary alloy coatings
I. Arul Raj,K. I. Vasu +1 more
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In this article, the performance of the nickel-molybdenum-chromium binary alloy codeposits has been characterized with the objective of qualitatively comparing and assessing their electrocatalytic activities as hydrogen electrodes in alkaline solution.Abstract:
Nickel-molybdenum, nickel-zinc, nickel-cobalt, nickel-tungsten, nickel-iron and nickel chromium binary alloy codeposits, obtained through electrodeposition methods on mild steel strips, have been characterized with the objective of qualitatively comparing and assessing their electrocatalytic activities as hydrogen electrodes in alkaline solution. It has been concluded that their electrocatalytic effects for the hydrogen evolution reaction rank in the following order: Ni-Mo > Ni-Zn (after leaching Zn in KOH) > Ni-Co > Ni-W > Ni-Fe > Ni-Cr > Ni plated steel. Further investigations on the alloy electrocatalysts have revealed that the cathodic overpotential contribution to the electrolysis voltage can be brought down by 0.3 V when compared with conventional cathodes. The best and most stable hydrogen evolving cathode, based on nickel-molybdenum alloy, exhibited an overpotential of about 0.18 V for over 1500 h of continuous electrolysis in 6m KOH at 300 mA cm−2 and 353 K. The salient features of the coatings, such as physical characteristics, chemical composition, crystal structure of the alloy phases and the varying effects of the catalytic activation method were analysed with a view to correlating the micro-structural characteristics of the coatings with the hydrogen adsorption process. The stability under open-circuit conditions, the tolerance to electrochemical corrosion and the long term stability of nickel-molybdenum alloy cathodes were very encouraging. An attempt to identify the pathway for the hydrogen evolution reaction on these alloy coatings was made, in view of the very low apparent activation energy values obtained experimentally.read more
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Solar Water Splitting Cells
Michael G. Walter,Emily L. Warren,James R. McKone,Shannon W. Boettcher,Qixi Mi,Elizabeth A. Santori,Nathan S. Lewis +6 more
TL;DR: The biggest challenge is whether or not the goals need to be met to fully utilize solar energy for the global energy demand can be met in a costeffective way on the terawatt scale.
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Benchmarking Hydrogen Evolving Reaction and Oxygen Evolving Reaction Electrocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting Devices
Charles C. L. McCrory,Suho Jung,Ivonne M. Ferrer,Shawn Chatman,Jonas C. Peters,Thomas F. Jaramillo +5 more
TL;DR: A standard protocol is used as a primary screen for evaluating the activity, short-term (2 h) stability, and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of 18 and 26 electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER and OER) under conditions relevant to an integrated solar water-splitting device in aqueous acidic or alkaline solution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanostructured Nickel Phosphide as an Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Eric J. Popczun,James R. McKone,Carlos G. Read,Adam J. Biacchi,Alex M. Wiltrout,Nathan S. Lewis,Raymond E. Schaak +6 more
TL;DR: The catalytically active Ni2P nanoparticles had among the highest HER activity of any non-noble metal electrocatalyst reported to date, producing H2(g) with nearly quantitative faradaic yield, while also affording stability in aqueous acidic media.
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Earth-abundant catalysts for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate progress towards photo-electrocatalytic water-splitting systems, with special emphasis on how they might be incorporated into photoelectrocaralyst systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineering heterogeneous semiconductors for solar water splitting
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review highlights some key factors influencing the efficiency of heterogeneous semiconductors for solar water splitting (i.e. improved charge separation and transfer, promoted optical absorption, optimized band gap position, lowered cost and toxicity, and enhanced stability and water splitting kinetics).
References
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Electrodeposition of alloys : principles and practice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the principles and practice of electrodeposition of alloys from aqueous solutions, including the role of the cathode diffusion layer, the effects of complexing agents, and the concept of alloy plating.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation and characterization of low overvoltage transition metal alloy electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution in alkaline solutions
TL;DR: The most active and stable hydrogen evolving cathode, based on a nickel and molybdenum combination, exhibited overvoltages of about 60 mV for over 11,000 h of continuous electrolysis in 30 w/o KOH at 500 mA cm −2 and 70°C as mentioned in this paper.
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Advances in electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution in the light of the Brewer-Engel valence-bond theory☆
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Brewer-Engel valence-bond theory for bonding in metals and intermetallic phases to correlate the electrocatalytic features of both individual and composite transition metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Study of a Decomposing Hydride Phase at Nickel Cathodes by Measurement of Open‐Circuit Potential Decay
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of decomposition of a surface or thin layer metal hydride were evaluated by means of open-circuit potential decay measurements, and a mixed "corrosion" type mechanism was considered with anodic hydrides decomposition coupled concurrently with cathodic evolution through the steps.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low overvoltage electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolving electrodes
TL;DR: In this article, an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolving cathodes has been developed for use in alkaline media, which exhibits a low overvoltage for hydrogen evolution (70-90 mV at 70°C and 1A cm −2 in 5 N KOH).