Open AccessJournal Article
Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications
TLDR
Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a very high dose without any toxic effects, and have the potential for the development of modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases.Abstract:
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is extensively used as a spice, food preservative and colouring material in India, China and South East Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases, including biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism and sinusitis. For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to establish the biological activities and pharmacological actions of turmeric and its extracts. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), the main yellow bioactive component of turmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological actions. These include its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, antifertility, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral, antifibrotic, antivenom, antiulcer, hypotensive and hypocholesteremic activities. Its anticancer effect is mainly mediated through induction of apoptosis. Its antiinflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant roles may be clinically exploited to control rheumatism, carcinogenesis and oxidative stress-related pathogenesis. Clinically, curcumin has already been used to reduce post-operative inflammation. Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a very high dose without any toxic effects. Thus, both turmeric and curcumin have the potential for the development of modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases.read more
Citations
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TL;DR: It appears that when given orally, curcumin is far less active than after i.p. administration, and systemic effects seem to be questionable after oral application except that they occur at very low concentrations ofCurcumin, which does not exclude a local action in the gastrointestinal tract.
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TL;DR: Several chemopreventive phytochemicals have been shown to inhibit COX-2 and iNOS expression by blocking improper NF-kappa B activation, and multiple lines of compelling evidence indicate that extracellular-regulatedprotein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase are key elements of the intracellular signaling cascades responsible for NF-Kappa Bactivation in response to a wide array of external stimuli.
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Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of curcumin, the constituent of turmeric, which has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic,Anti-oxidant, wound healing and anti-cancer effects.