Two-Pair Slots Inserted CP Patch Antenna for Wide Axial Ratio Beamwidth
09 Dec 2020-IEEE Access (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE))-Vol. 8, pp 223316-223324
TL;DR: In this article, a low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is presented, where two-pair of parallel slots are etched on a circular patch and manifested as magnetic dipoles (MDs).
Abstract: In this article, a low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is presented. Two-pair of parallel slots are etched on a circular patch and manifested as magnetic dipoles (MDs). These narrow slots are arranged symmetrically about the axes, and one pair is orthogonal to another pair of slots. The philosophy of CP radiation across a wide angular range strongly depends on the spacing between the paired-dipoles, for example spacing of $0.22\lambda _{0}$ , two-orthogonal far-field radiated components become equal across a wide-angle. Moreover, this particular spacing between the paired-dipoles provides a symmetrical electric field distribution along the periphery of the patch, which ensures the broadside LHCP radiation with wide 3-dB ARBW of 228° and 214° at the plane of $\varphi = 0^{\circ }$ and $\varphi = 90^{\circ }$ , respectively. The measured results from the fabricated prototype exhibit good agreement with the simulated results. The antenna has impedance bandwidth (IBW) and CP bandwidth (CPBW) of 2.6% (64 MHz), and 0.9% (22 MHz), respectively. The broadside radiation holds antenna gain higher than 5 dBic across the entire CPBW.
Citations
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01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed the printed antennas for WSNs, explained how printed antenna sensors can be used for material characterization, gave an overview of epidermal antenna for unobtrusive human-centric wireless communications and sensing, and finally reviewed the recent AI-based approaches in designing antennas.
Abstract: Environmental sensors have come a long way over the last decade, surged in variety and capabilities. Such growth was impossible without developing wireless technologies, particularly antennas, thanks to advanced numerical computation software and artificial intelligence (AI). Sensors have numerous applications in industrial environments for purposes such as safety improvement, data acquisition, and environment and human body monitoring. For wireless sensor networks (WSNs), there may be several antennas to send the sensing data. However, further developments in the invention of planar antennas have opened up an unprecedented direction in the miniaturization of wireless sensors. Consequently, unobtrusive human-centric wireless sensing is becoming far more accessible due to the recent developments of epidermal antennas. Moreover, AI and its integration into antenna designs have resulted in more efficient WSNs. This chapter reviews the printed antennas for WSNs, explains how printed antenna sensors can be used for material characterization, gives an overview of epidermal antenna for unobtrusive human-centric wireless communications and sensing, and finally reviews the recent AI-based approaches in designing antennas.
24 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed an analytical model of slot-loaded rectangular microstrip patch antennas based on the simulation results by varying slot parameters, which enables a reliable and quick computation of the resonant frequency.
Abstract: In this study, we developed an analytical model of slot-loaded rectangular microstrip patch antennas based on the simulation results by varying slot parameters. The dominant resonant frequency predicted by such a model is in strong agreement with the experimental results measured at several locations of slot-loaded rectangular microstrip patch antennas. The model enables a reliable and quick computation of the resonant frequency, which generally follows a harmonic behavior that nearly resembles the resonant frequency of a microstrip antenna without a slot, which can be related to a small change in the impedance caused by the slot position. Results showed a good agreement between simulations and measurements for all the slot positions. Mathematical analytic functions to describe the changes in specific characteristic parameters of the slot-loaded rectangular microstrip patch antennas are also included.
5 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , a wearable antenna functioning in the 2.4 GHz band for health monitoring and sensing is proposed, which is a circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna made from textiles.
Abstract: A wearable antenna functioning in the 2.4 GHz band for health monitoring and sensing is proposed. It is a circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna made from textiles. Despite its low profile (3.34 mm thickness, 0.027 λ0), an enhanced 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is achieved by introducing slit-loaded parasitic elements on top of analysis and observations within the framework of Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA). In detail, the parasitic elements introduce higher-order modes at high frequencies that may contribute to the 3-dB AR bandwidth enhancement. More importantly, additional slit loading is investigated to preserve the higher-order modes while relaxing strong capacitive coupling invoked by the low-profile structure and the parasitic elements. As a result, unlike conventional multilayer designs, a simple single-substrate, low-profile, and low-cost structure is achieved. While compared to traditional low-profile antennas, a significantly widened CP bandwidth is realized. These merits are important for the future massive application. The realized CP bandwidth is 2.2–2.54 GHz (14.3%), which is 3–5 times that of traditional low-profile designs (thickness < 4 mm, 0.04 λ0). A prototype was fabricated and measured with good results.
2 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low-profile integrated millimeter-wave antenna for efficient and broadband circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation is proposed, which comprises a chiral dielectric metasurface built with a 2×2 arrangement of dielectrics cylinders with slanted-slots at the center.
Abstract: We report on the design of a low-profile integrated millimeter-wave antenna for efficient and broadband circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation. The designed antenna comprises a chiral dielectric metasurface built with a 2×2 arrangement of dielectric cylinders with slanted-slots at the center. A broadbeam high-gain with wide axial ratio (AR)<3 dB bandwidth was reached by pairing the electric and magnetic resonances of the dielectric cylinders and the slanted slots when excited by an elliptically polarized driven-patch antenna. This electric-magnetic pairing can be tuned by varying the cylinders diameter and the tilting and rotation angles of the slanted slots. The simulation results indicate impedance-matching bandwidths up to 22.6% (25.3–31.6 GHz) with 3-dB AR bandwidths of 11.6% (26.9–30.2 GHz), which in terms of compactness (0.95λ0×0.95λ0) and performance are superior to previous antenna designs. Since the simulations were performed by assuming materials and geometries easily implementable experimentally, it is hoped that circularly polarized antennas based on chiral metasurfaces can be integrated into 5G and satellite communications.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , a low-pro(cid:12)le GNSS microstrip circular polarization antenna is proposed and analyzed, and the antenna has an extremely wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW).
Abstract: |A novel low-pro(cid:12)le GNSS microstrip circular polarization antenna is proposed and analyzed. Circular polarization is realized by asymmetric structure patch, and an arc structure loaded on the main radiator can keep two modes orthogonal over a wide-angle range, so that the antenna has an extremely wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW). The far-(cid:12)eld AR beamwidths obtained are 232 ◦ and 212 ◦ respectively in the main plane of φ = 0 ◦ and φ = 90 ◦ . In φ = 45 ◦ and φ = 135 ◦ , 3 dB AR beamwidths are 241 ◦ and 244 ◦ , far exceeding the 120 ◦ required for satellite applications. In the whole CP band, 78.95% of the beam width exceeds 180 ◦ . The pro(cid:12)le is only 0.0156 (cid:21) 0 , which is suitable, especially, for portable wireless systems or devices. The return loss bandwidth of (cid:0) 10 dB is 5.13% (1.52 GHz{ 1.6 GHz), which covers BeiDou Navigation System B1 (1.561 GHz). The axial ratio bandwidth is 1.28% (1.55 GHz{1.57 GHz), and the in-band peak gain is 4.09 dBi.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-band, circularly polarized (CP), wide beamwidth, and highly efficient antenna for use in global positioning systems (GPS) is presented.
Abstract: This communication presents a multi-band, circularly polarized (CP), wide beamwidth, highly efficient antenna for use in global positioning systems (GPS). The primary radiating elements are two crossed printed dipoles, which incorporate a 90° phase delay line realized with a vacant-quarter printed ring to produce the CP radiation and broadband impedance matching. To achieve multiple resonances, each dipole arm is divided into four branches with different lengths, and a printed inductor with a barbed end is inserted in each branch to reduce the radiator size. An inverted, pyramidal, cavity-backed reflector is incorporated with the crossed dipoles to produce a unidirectional radiation pattern with a wide 3-dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth and a high front-to-back ratio. The multi-band antennas have broad impedance matching and 3-dB AR bandwidths, which cover the GPS L1-L5 bands.
107 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a dual-frequency dual-circularly polarized patch antenna with wide beamwidth is proposed, where the two-layer structure comprises circular patches with offset circular slots connected to rectangular slots.
Abstract: A dual-frequency dual-circularly polarised patch antenna with wide beamwidth is proposed. The two-layer structure comprises circular patches with offset circular slots connected to rectangular slots. They provide orthogonal perturbations realising RHCP and LHCP for the lower and upper bands, respectively. The wide beamwidth is realised by extending the substrate beyond the groundplane. Measurements show a maximum beamwidth of 180deg and gains of 3.9 and 0.5 dBic for zenith and 10deg elevation, respectively, for the upper band. The measured beamwidth for the low band is 130deg with a maximum gain of 3.9 and -0.7 dBic for zenith and 10deg elevation, respectively. The axial-ratio is less than 3 dB in the hemisphere for elevations greater than 10deg for both bands.
96 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a circularly polarized antenna with wide axial-ratio beamwidth is presented by placing two pairs of parallel dipoles in a square contour, and the two arms of its four dipoles are formed on the lower and upper interfaces of the substrate, and they are excited by a 1 to 4 probe-to-microstrip feeding network.
Abstract: A circularly polarized antenna with wide axial-ratio beamwidth is presented by placing two pairs of parallel dipoles in a square contour. Firstly, our study demonstrates that circular polarization can be achieved at the broadside by setting a 90 $^{\circ}$ phase difference between the vertical and horizontal paired-dipoles. Secondly, the principle of wide-beamwidth circularly-polarized radiation is described under the similarity in polar and azimuthal radiation pattern for a pair of parallel dipoles. After the spacing between two parallel dipoles is studied, the similar radiation patterns in these two orthogonal planes are derived. As such, a wide-beamwidth circular polarization can be achieved by placing the two pairs of parallel dipoles vertically and horizontally while setting a 90 $^{\circ}$ phase difference between them. In final, a circularly-polarized printed antenna is designed and fabricated on a single dielectric substrate. The two arms of its four dipoles are formed on the lower and upper interfaces of the substrate, and they are excited by a 1-to-4 probe-to-microstrip feeding network. Experimental results show good agreement with simulated ones in terms of radiation pattern/gain, axial ratio and returned loss. In particular, the 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth at the central frequency of 1.6 GHz has extended to 126 $^{\circ}$ in an angular range from $-63^{\circ}$ to $+63^{\circ}$ . The fabricated antenna exhibits a low-profile property with the height of 0.0043 free-space wavelength.
82 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a new technique to design single-feed circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is proposed, which is obtained by adjusting the dimension of the etched fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) in the ground plane.
Abstract: A new technique to design single-feed circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is proposed. The CP radiation is obtained by adjusting the dimension of the etched fractal defected ground structure (FDGS) in the ground plane. Parameter studies of the FDGS are given to illustrate the way to achieve CP radiation. The CP microstrip antennas with the second and third iterative FDGS are fabricated and measured. The measured 10-dB return-loss bandwidth of the CP microstrip antenna is about 30 MHz (1.558 to 1.588 GHz), while its 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth is 6 MHz (1.572 to 1.578 GHz). The gain across the CP band is between 1.7 and 2.2 dBic.
67 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a broadband printed quadrifilar helical antenna employing a novel compact feeding circuit is proposed, which presents an excellent axial ratio over a wide beamwidth, with a 29% bandwidth.
Abstract: A broadband printed quadrifilar helical antenna employing a novel compact feeding circuit is proposed in this paper. This antenna presents an excellent axial ratio over a wide beamwidth, with a 29% bandwidth. A specific feeding circuit based on an aperture-coupled transition and including two 90° surface mount hybrids has been designed to be integrated with the quadrifilar antenna. Over the bandwidth, the measured reflection coefficient of the antenna fed by the wideband compact circuit has been found to be equal to or lower than -12 dB and the maximum gain varies between 1.5 and 2.7 dBic from 1.18 to 1.58 GHz. The half-power beamwidth is 150°, with an axial ratio below 3 dB over this range. The compactness of the feeding circuit allows small element spacing in array arrangements.
56 citations