Virus-induced target cell activation reconciles set-point viral load heritability and within-host evolution.
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Virus-induced target cell activation can explain the heritability of SPVL, the absence of evolution to higher viral loads during infection and a large standing variation in SPVL between hosts.About:
This article is published in Epidemics.The article was published on 2013-12-01 and is currently open access. It has received 10 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cell activation & Viral load.read more
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The HIV epidemic in Southern Africa - Is an AIDS-free generation possible?
TL;DR: A key driver of the Southern African epidemic is the high incidence rate of infection in young women, a vulnerable population with limited prevention options, which means an AIDS-free generation will not be realised unless incident infections in key populations are reduced.
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High heritability is compatible with the broad distribution of set point viral load in HIV carriers.
TL;DR: This model shows that high heritability is the most parsimonious explanation for the observed variance of set point viral load, and reinforces the credibility of previous estimates of heritability and sheds new light onto mechanisms of viral pathogenesis.
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Simultaneously estimating evolutionary history and repeated traits phylogenetic signal: applications to viral and host phenotypic evolution.
Bram Vrancken,Philippe Lemey,Andrew Rambaut,Andrew Rambaut,Trevor Bedford,Ben Longdon,Huldrych F. Günthard,Marc A. Suchard +7 more
TL;DR: This work develops a novel Bayesian inference method to simultaneously estimate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic signal from molecular sequence data and repeated multivariate traits and provides a computationally efficient inference implementation in the BEAST software package.
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Immuno-epidemiological modeling of HIV-1 predicts high heritability of the set-point virus load, while selection for CTL escape dominates virulence evolution.
TL;DR: This work investigates with computational and mathematical models how these two levels of selection, within-host and between-host, are intertwined, and finds that when the rate of immune escape is comparable to what has been observed in patients, immune selection within hosts is dominant over selection for transmission.
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Large Variations in HIV-1 Viral Load Explained by Shifting-Mosaic Metapopulation Dynamics.
TL;DR: A new model is presented that can explain the large differences in set-point viral load observed between patients and their distribution, as well as the relatively low proportion of cells infected at any one time, and alters the predicted determinants of viral load variation.
References
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TL;DR: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing; permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved on all copies.
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Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
TL;DR: Treatment of infected patients with ABT-538 causes plasma HIV-1 levels to decrease exponentially and CD4 lymphocyte counts to rise substantially, indicating that replication of HIV- 1 in vivo is continuous and highly productive, driving the rapid turnover ofCD4 lymphocytes.
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HIV-1 Dynamics in Vivo: Virion Clearance Rate, Infected Cell Life-Span, and Viral Generation Time
TL;DR: A new mathematical model was used to analyze a detailed set of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) viral load data collected from five infected individuals after the administration of a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease, providing not only a kinetic picture ofAIDS pathogenesis, but also theoretical principles to guide the development of treatment strategies.
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Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
Xiping Wei,Sajal Ghosh,Maria E. Taylor,Victoria A. Johnson,Emilio A. Emini,Deutsch Paul J,Jeffrey D. Lifson,Sebastian Bonhoeffer,Martin A. Nowak,Beatrice H. Hahn,Michael S. Saag,George M. Shaw +11 more
TL;DR: Almost complete replacement of wild-type virus in plasma by drug-resistant variants occurs after fourteen days, indicating that HIV-1 viraemia is sustained primarily by a dynamic process involving continuous rounds of de novo virus infection and replication and rapid cell turnover.
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Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Thomas C. Quinn,Maria J. Wawer,Nelson K. Sewankambo,David Serwadda,Chuanjun Li,Fred Wabwire-Mangen,Mary Meehan,Tom Lutalo,Ronald H. Gray +8 more
TL;DR: The viral load is the chief predictor of the risk of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1, and transmission is rare among persons with levels of less than 1500 copies of HIV -1 RNA per milliliter.