Journal ArticleDOI
Wander of an optical beam in the turbulent atmosphere.
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TLDR
A simple, analytic, geometrical optics expression for the variance of the beam displacements caused by propagation through weak refractive turbulence described by the Kolmogorov spectrum is presented.Abstract:
A simple, analytic, geometrical optics expression for the variance of the beam displacements caused by propagation through weak refractive turbulence described by the Kolmogorov spectrum is presented. The analytical formula includes the effect of the divergence or convergence of the initial beam. The formula is compared with numerical results obtained from a more complicated expression including effects of diffraction and strong path-integrated turbulence. The simple geometrical optics expression holds for apertures larger than the Fresnel zone size and larger than the ratio of the square of the Fresnel zone to the phase coherence length.read more
Citations
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Scintillation and Beam-Wander Analysis in an Optical Ground Station-Satellite Uplink
TL;DR: This work presents an analytical-numerical hybrid technique that provides good information on the variance in optical irradiance with an important saving of time and computational resources.
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Roadmap to free space optics
TL;DR: This tutorial-style review provides a broad overview of many of the important topics required to design, develop, and research the next generation of FSO technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Propagation of Partially Coherent Beam in Turbulent Atmosphere: a Review (Invited Review)
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic theory for treating the propagation of optical beams in turbulent atmosphere is described, and recent theoretical and experimental developments on propagation of a partially coherent beam in turbulent environment are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strehl ratio and scintillation theory for uplink Gaussian-beam waves: beam wander effects
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a theoretical structure that accurately describes far-field irradiance fluctuations caused by uncorrected beam wander, which is validated by demonstrating excellent agreement between the predicted scintillation index and computer code results for both tracked and untracked beams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental Study on Beam Wander Under Varying Atmospheric Turbulence Conditions
TL;DR: In this paper, the variance in the optical irradiance due to turbulence-induced beam wander effect has been determined experimentally for different operating wavelengths and turbulent conditions in an optical turbulence generator (OTG) chamber.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Electromagnetic beam propagation in turbulent media: An update
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the recent developments on wave propagation in turbulent media, including adaptive optics, intensity scintillations, pulse propagation, atmospheric measurements at visible, IR, and millimeter wave frequencies, speckle interferometry, and other related topics.
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Spot dancing of the laser beam propagated through the turbulent atmosphere.
TL;DR: An analysis of the Kolmogorov structure function of the refractive index and geometrical optics reveals that the power spectra show an inverse frequency characteristic over the frequency range of about 0.03-10 Hz.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meaning of quadratic structure functions
TL;DR: The physical significance of such structure functions, that they describe a tilted but unwarped phase, limits their applicability to propagation calculations as mentioned in this paper, and therefore they are unsuitable for propagation calculations.