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What Determines Whether a Pain is Rated as Mild, Moderate, or Severe? The Importance of Pain Beliefs and Pain Interference.

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TLDR
Findings indicate VRSs of pain severity cannot necessarily be assumed to measure only pain intensity; they may also reflect patient perceptions about pain interference and beliefs about their pain.
Abstract
SummaryReliable and valid measures of pain intensity are needed to accurately evaluate the efficacy of pain treatments. Perhaps with the exception of faces pain intensity scales, which are thought to reflect both pain intensity and pain affect, the other most commonly used pain intensity scales—Nume

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Journal ArticleDOI

The validity of pain intensity measures: what do the NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R measure?

TL;DR: The VAS appears to be most similar to the NRS and less influenced by non-pain intensity factors than the VRS or FPS-R, and should be kept in mind when selecting pain measures and interpreting the results of research studies using these scales.
Journal ArticleDOI

Etiology and Treatment of Pain and Psychosocial Issues in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

TL;DR: Providing the health care provider with tools to diagnose and manage psychological conditions in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is necessary for their total care and should be part of quality-improvement initiatives.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sleep and pain : a systematic review of studies of mediation

TL;DR: This systematic review identified, synthesize, and critically appraise studies that have investigated putative mediators on the path between sleep and pain intensity and supported a mediating role for psychological and physiological aspects of emotional experiences and attentional processes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanisms of chronic pain - key considerations for appropriate physical therapy management

TL;DR: Interventions for patients with chronic pain should be applied based on current knowledge of nociceptive mechanisms since determining potential drivers of the sensitization process is critical for effective management.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hypnosis Enhances the Effects of Pain Education in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TL;DR: This study provides evidence supporting the efficacy of another treatment option for teaching patients to self-manage chronic low back pain that has a relatively low cost and that can be offered in groups.
References
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Book

SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide

John E. Ware
TL;DR: TheSF-36 is a generic health status measure which has gained popularity as a measure of outcome in a wide variety of patient groups and social and the contribution of baseline health, sociodemographic and work-related factors to the SF-36 Health Survey: manual and interpretation guide is tested.
Book

Classical and modern regression with applications

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on concepts with a blend between illustrations using real data sets and mathematical and conceptual development and emphasize applications with examples that illustrate nearly all the techniques discussed, including simultaneous influence, maximum likelihood estimation of parameters, and the plotting of residuals.
Journal Article

Pain assessment: Global use of the Brief Pain Inventory.

TL;DR: The development of the Brief Pain Inventory and the various applications to which the BPI is suited are described, being adopted in many countries for clinical pain assessment, epidemiological studies, and in studies of the effectiveness of pain treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI

The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods.

TL;DR: The results indicate that, for the present sample, the scales yield similar results in terms of the number of subjects who respond correctly to them and their predictive validity, however, when considering the remaining 3 criteria, the 101‐point numerical rating scale appears to be the most practical index.
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