Showing papers on "Academic achievement published in 2023"

The Effect of Students’ Cognitive and Emotional Engagement on Students’ Academic Success and Academic Productivity

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of students’ cognitive and emotional engagement on learning achievement in government primary male schools. Academic achievement was assessed through academic success and academic productivity. Data were gathered and utilized a survey questionnaire with 120 male primary school teachers as the sample. Descriptive Statistics and Pearson correlation were used to assess the data that had been obtained. Analysis of the data revealed a strong positive correlation between student cognitive engagement with and academic success and academic productivity. Based on the findings, the study concluded that educational stakeholders should concentrate on student engagement as a key factor that influences a distal outcome, such as increased academic production and accomplishment. The study recommended that educators, decision-makers, and the research community pay closer attention to and identify ways to improve student involvement. Additionally, educators should create and implement a variety of classroom activities that appeal to students' cognitive functions. The implications of the findings for academic programs, institutions, teachers, and students are far larger. They support primary educational institutions by providing important data for student involvement and academic success. Additionally, the findings open up fresh avenues and perspectives for further study.

Personality, Intelligence, and Academic Achievement: Charting their Developmental Interplay.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Although intelligence and personality traits have long been recognized as key predictors of students' academic achievement, little is known about their longitudinal and reciprocal associations. Here, we charted the developmental interplay of intelligence, personality (Big Five) and academic achievement in 3,880 German secondary school students, who were assessed four times between the ages 11 and 14 years (i.e., in grade 5, 6, 7, and 8). METHOD We fitted random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPs) to investigate reciprocal within-person associations between (a) academic achievement and intelligence, (b) academic achievement and personality, as well as (c) intelligence and personality. RESULTS The results revealed negative within-person associations between Conscientiousness and Extraversion assessed at the first wave of measurement and intelligence assessed at the second wave. None of the reciprocal personality-achievement associations attained statistical significance. Academic achievement and intelligence showed reciprocal within-person relations, with the strongest coefficients found for achievement longitudinally predicting intelligence. CONCLUSIONS Our work contributes to developmental theorizing on interrelations between personality, intelligence, and academic achievement, as well as to within-person conceptualizations in personality research.

The impact of a mine fire and smoke event on academic outcomes for primary and secondary school students.

Abstract: This study explored how exposure to a mine fire and smoke event influenced students' academic outcomes.The academic results for 303 students (aged 7.8-16.2 years) were accessed and students completed the Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale to measure their level of distress resulting from the mine fire.The longitudinal analysis found that secondary students, who attended schools in the town most exposed to particulate matter from the mine fire, experienced an 18.5-month delay in academic progress (95% CI [13.6, 23.5]) after the mine fire, relative to the wider area. No evidence was found in academic delays related to exposure to the mine fire among primary school students. There was also no evidence of additional delays in academic progress for students with higher levels of event-related distress.Schools should monitor and provide academic support to students to protect them against academic decline after a disaster. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Dissecting the achievement generation: how different groups of early adolescents experience and navigate contemporary achievement demands

Abstract: The notion of the achievement society and the achievement generation has, in recent years, become an influential way of explaining the increase in mental health and psychosomatic complaints among Scandinavian youth. However, the theories produced about the social pathologies of twenty-first-century teenage life have been less inclined to empirically investigate the relevance of achievement among contemporary youth. We conducted focus groups and individual interviews with 80 early adolescents from four socioeconomically and geographically distinct schools in Denmark. Our results indicate that the notion of an achievement society and an achievement generation is more present and internalised among adolescents, particularly girls, in the schools located in resourceful areas. Adolescents, and in particular boys, in the schools located within less resourceful areas expressed fewer achievement demands across a number of areas and felt their social status among peers was less intertwined with their ability to perform simultaneously in school, sports, social media, etc. Based on our findings, we conclude that further studies of achievement demands among present-day youth should show more sensitivity towards class, gender and other social categories, in order to reflect on how young people’s standards of self-conduct, and the influence of broader societal imperatives, are intersectionally structured.

How Strong Is the Evidence for a Causal Reciprocal Effect? Contrasting Traditional and New Methods to Investigate the Reciprocal Effects Model of Self-Concept and Achievement

Abstract: Abstract The relationship between students’ subject-specific academic self-concept and their academic achievement is one of the most widely researched topics in educational psychology. A large proportion of this research has considered cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs), oftentimes synonymously referred to as reciprocal effects models (REMs), as the gold standard for investigating the causal relationships between the two variables and has reported evidence of a reciprocal relationship between self-concept and achievement. However, more recent methodological research has questioned the plausibility of assumptions that need to be satisfied in order to interpret results from traditional CLPMs causally. In this substantive-methodological synergy, we aimed to contrast traditional and more recently developed methods to investigate reciprocal effects of students’ academic self-concept and achievement. Specifically, we compared results from CLPMs, full-forward CLPMs (FF-CLPMs), and random intercept CLPMs (RI-CLPMs) with two weighting approaches developed to study causal effects of continuous treatment variables. To estimate these different models, we used rich longitudinal data of N = 3757 students from lower secondary schools in Germany. Results from CLPMs, FF-CLPMs, and weighting methods supported the reciprocal effects model, particularly when math self-concept and grades were considered. Results from the RI-CLPMs were less consistent. Implications from our study for the interpretation of effects from the different models and methods as well as for school motivation theory are discussed.

Analysis of the Factors Affecting Student Performance Using a Neuro-Fuzzy Approach

Abstract: Predicting students’ academic performance and the factors that significantly influence it can improve students’ completion and graduation rates, as well as reduce attrition rates. In this study, we examine the factors influencing student academic achievement. A fuzzy-neural approach is adopted to build a model that predicts and explains variations in course grades among students, based on course category, student course attendance rate, gender, high-school grade, school type, grade point average (GPA), and course delivery mode as input predictors. The neuro-fuzzy system was used because of its ability to implicitly capture the functional form between the dependent variable and input predictors. Our results indicate that the most significant predictors of course grades are student GPA, followed by course category. Using sensitivity analysis, student attendance was determined to be the most significant factor explaining the variations in course grades, followed by GPA, with course delivery mode ranked third. Our findings also indicate that a hybrid course delivery mode has positively impacted course grades as opposed to online or face-to-face course delivery alone.

The impact of applying challenge-based gamification program on students’ learning outcomes: Academic achievement, motivation and flow

Abstract: Despite the growing attention towards gamification in learning context, challenge-based gamification application has rarely been subjected to testing in education. In recognition of this void, and grounded on gamification principles, we developed Educhall web-based program. Drawing on self-determination theory, and flow theory the present study aims to explore how the application of this challenge-based gamified program in to learning process of students can increase students' motivation, flow, and academic success through the generated competition and challenge. The study applied a random experimental research design within distance learning context with 30 university students of control group and 30 students of experimental group who used the Educhall application for one academic semester. In line with self-determination theory, it was statistically evidenced that application of challenge-based gamified learning method increased level of academic performance and overall motivation. Of the motivational sub factors, experimental group reported significantly higher confidence level and satisfaction towards the course. Furthermore, grounded on flow theory, the study showed that challenge-based gamified learning increased flow level of learners but not significantly which warrants further data collection and experimental research in future studies. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Perceived Teacher Support and EFL Achievement: The Mediating Roles of Academic Enjoyment and Self-concept

Abstract: Perceived teacher support, the primary social support that students receive in classroom settings, is positively associated with students’ academic achievement. However, limited studies have explored whether academic enjoyment and self-concept mediated the relationship between perceived teacher support and academic achievement in the learning English as a foreign language (EFL) context in China. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chain-mediating role of academic enjoyment and self-concept in the association between perceived teacher support and EFL achievement. Survey data were gathered from a cross-sectional study of secondary EFL learners in Guangdong Province, China (N =517). Results demonstrated that perceived teacher support was positively correlated with EFL achievement. Moreover, academic self-concept and the chain mediating effects of academic enjoyment and behavioral engagement mediated the relationship between perceived teacher support and EFL achievement. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Does anyone benefit from exclusionary discipline? An exploration on the direct and vicarious links between suspensions for minor infraction and adolescents’ academic achievement.

Abstract: The intended purpose of exclusionary discipline is to improve the learning environment by removing disruptive students; however, emerging evidence has suggested that these practices may have the opposite effect. Exclusionary discipline-especially policies that use suspensions as punishment for minor, developmentally normative behavioral infractions-is a known threat to suspended students' academic achievement, but few have examined whether and how these suspensions may vicariously affect nonsuspended classmates' academic achievement. This article uses a two-study approach to examine the mechanisms linking suspensions for minor infractions and educational outcomes in science (N-student = 558; N-classroom = 41; Mage = 12.83; age range = 10-16; 40% Black, 55% White, 5% other race; 51% girls; 62% eligible for free/reduced-priced lunch) and math (N-student = 1,302; N-classroom = 64; Mage = 13.00; age range = 10-16; 41% Black, 53% White, 6% other race; 50% girls; 64% eligible for free/reduced-priced lunch) classrooms among both suspended and nonsuspended students. Results showed that students who received a suspension for a minor infraction were more likely to have poorer academic achievement in both studies. In classrooms where suspensions for minor infractions were used more frequently, students had lower academic achievement, with student engagement partially mediating this relation. These results add to a growing body of school discipline literature that advocates for replacing exclusionary discipline with more developmentally responsive policies and practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The correlation of social environment toward children's learning achievement at sma pgri kupang

Abstract: This study specifically looked at how the social environment affects student achievement at SMA PGRI Kupang. The objective of this study was to explain the relationship between social environment and learning achievement at SMA PGRI Kupang. An ex post facto quantitative method was used to examine the relationship between social environment and children's learning achievement. The data were collected using a form of questionnaires and documentation through 14 students (XI IPS) as samples. The data was analyzed using some techniques, including; descriptive statistical analysis, mean analysis, average value analysis, and correlation analysis to test the hypothesis. The product-moment correlation test was a statistical analysis technique. This study found a strong link between children's learning achievement and their social environment. One of the factors of success was determined by the social environment. As a result, SMA PGRI Kupang had a bad environment that can affect learning activities and lower children's learning achievement. Based on the data analysis, 0.73 at a 5% significance level, and rtable score was 0.24. This means that the value is greater than the rtable value, with 0.73 greater than 0.24. The first hypothesis (Ho) was accepted, while the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was rejected.

Mediational Effect of Teacher-Based Discrimination on Academic Performance: An Intersectional Analysis of Race, Gender, and Income/Class

Abstract: Drawing on prior research, this study applies an intersectional framework to investigate discrimination in the context of teacher–student relationships and its influence on students’ academic outcomes. Outcomes assessed were inclusive of self-efficacy, school attendance, and grade point average (GPA). For this analysis, structural equation modeling was used with a cross-sectional sample of the Maryland and Adolescent Development in Context Study (MADICS) and the youth self-administered (YSA) questionnaires administered when the youth were in 8th grade (Wave 3). A total of 1182 students completed the survey, of whom 704 were selected for this study. Findings show teacher discrimination as a mechanism to uncover some of the ways race, gender, and income simultaneously intersect to affect students’ academic outcomes. The current study confirms and extends prior work establishing associations among race, gender, income, and teacher discrimination and academic outcomes among African American youth. African American students, especially males, regardless of income levels, may benefit directly—evidenced in visible academic performance—from more positive and race-conscious interactions with teachers. Future implications for practice are shared.

Academic Self-Concept

Abstract: Abstract Academic self-concept is a person’s perceived competence and sense of their own abilities and skills in academic subjects. In an educational setting, having a positive academic self-concept leads to improvements in a host of educational outcomes such as achievement, attainment, persistence, and course selection. Academic self-concept even predicts these outcomes after controlling for previous levels of achievement. Importantly, research has shown academic self-concept to be a stronger predictor of achievement than other motivational constructs, suggesting that it might be one of the most important motivational constructs. The importance of academic self-concept as a central motivation construct in educational settings distinguishes it from related self-belief constructs.

Executive functions are important for academic achievement, but emotional intelligence too.

Abstract: Finding predictors of academic achievement has caught the interest of many educational researchers in the last decades. Two of the variables that have received considerable attention are emotional intelligence (EI) and executive functions (EF). However, only a few studies have considered their influence in the primary school stage. The aim of this study is to identify which EI components and specific EF are most related to academic achievement and to explore if these relationships vary among subjects. The sample comprised of 180 students between 8-11 years old. We administered the BarOn EI Inventory, tasks of EF and tests of mathematic and linguistic competences. The results showed that EF are better predictors of school performance than EI. Inhibition and working memory were the EF most associated with achievement while adaptability emerged as the EI dimension most linked to it. This study suggests that EI and EF should be consciously developed in classrooms.

Contribution of sustained attention abilities to real-world academic skills in children

Abstract: Sustained attention is a critical cognitive ability that improves over the course of development and predicts important real-world outcomes, such as academic achievement. However, the majority of work demonstrating links between sustained attention and academic skills has been conducted in lab-based settings that lack the ecological validity of a more naturalistic environment, like school. Further, most studies focus on targeted academic measures of specific sub-skills and have not fully examined whether this relationship generalizes to broad measures of academic achievement that are used for important, real-world, academic advancement decisions, such as standardized test scores. To address this gap, we examined the role of sustained attention in predicting targeted and broad assessments of academic abilities, where all skills were assessed in group-based environments in schools. In a sample of over 700 students aged 9-14, we showed that attention was positively related to performance on targeted assessments (math fluency and reading comprehension), as well as broad academic measures (statewide standardized test scores). Moreover, we found that attention was more predictive of targeted math sub-skills compared to assessments of broad math abilities, but was equally predictive of reading for both types of measures. Our findings add to our understanding of how sustained attention is linked to academic skills assessed in more 'real-world', naturalistic school environments and have important implications for designing tools to support student's academic success.

Halo effects in grading: an experimental approach

Abstract: Abstract Halo effects in teacher judgments, can occur when the assessment of one aspect of a person’s achievement is generalised to another aspect of achievement for that same person. We conducted an experimental study in which participants (N = 107) had to grade vignettes of the same student in two different subjects. The first vignette described either a weak, average, or strong performance, whereas the second vignette always described an average performance. Thereby, rich descriptions of achievement-relevant information were used, and the impact of influencing factors was reduced. The treatment condition emerged as a significant predictor of the grade given for the second vignette even after controlling for gender, status of the participants, and the gender of the student. The results suggest that participants’ ratings can be manipulated to show halo bias. The results support the view that teacher education should raise awareness of possible sources of the halo effect.

The “Good” Schools: Academic Performance Data, School Choice, and Segregation

Abstract: We examine the effects of disseminating school-level academic performance data—achievement status, achievement growth, or both—on parents’ school choices and their implications for racial, ethnic, and economic segregation. Many researchers consider growth to be a superior (if still imperfect) measure of school effectiveness relative to status. Moreover, compared to status, growth has weaker relationships with schools’ demographic compositions. We conduct an online survey experiment featuring a nationally representative sample of parents and caretakers of children ages 0–12. Participants choose between three randomly sampled elementary schools drawn from the same school district. The provision of status information guides participants toward schools with higher achievement status and fewer Black, Hispanic, and economically disadvantaged students. The provision of growth information and the provision of both types of academic performance data guide participants toward higher growth schools. However, only growth information—alone, and not in concert with status information—tends to elicit choices with desegregating consequences.

Senior High School Students' Multiple Intelligences and their Relationship with Academic Achievement in Science

Abstract: Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate senior high school students’ multiple intelligences and their academic achievement in science. Methodology: This study employs a descriptive correlational research design. The respondents of this study were 300 in the 11th Grade of senior high school students. The Multiple Intelligences Inventory is used to assess students' intelligence, while their final grade in science measures academic achievement. Main Findings: The results of this study showed that senior high school students possess all intelligence to a great extent. Existential intelligence obtained the highest mean score of 3.96, as possessed by the respondents. On the other hand, musical intelligence got the lowest mean score of 3.60. It also showed that all multiple intelligences correlate with academic performance achievement. The correlation analysis showed that all multiple intelligences were statistically significant and could positively predict academic achievement in science. Novelty/Originality of this study: This present study may give insights to teachers about integrating multiple intelligences in the classroom.

Education Freedom and Student Achievement: Is More School Choice Associated with Higher State-Level Performance on the NAEP?

Abstract: School choice is spreading across the U.S. at the same time that scores on the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) are stagnant. We examine the association between education freedom and 8th grade student NAEP score levels and gains in states in 2019. We construct the 2019 Education Freedom Index as a composite measure of the accessibility of private school choice, public charter schools, homeschooling, and public school choice in each state. Using statistical regression, we find that more education freedom is significantly associated with increased NAEP scores and gains, supporting the claim that choice and competition improves system-wide achievement.

Disentangling the Association Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Student Achievement: Meta-Analytic Evidence on the Role of Domain Specificity and Achievement Measures

Abstract: Abstract Students’ academic achievement is a central predictor of a long list of important educational outcomes, such as access to higher education and socioeconomic success. Prior studies have extensively focused on identifying variables that are related to academic achievement and an important variable in this context appears to be students’ personality. Notably, although findings from more recent studies suggested that the association between student achievement and personality varies by the subject domain (language vs. STEM) and the type of achievement measure (grades vs. test scores), systematic meta-analytical evidence is still lacking. To address this gap in the educational research literature, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 78 studies, with 1491 effect sizes representing data from 500,218 students and 110 samples from elementary to high school. We used a random-effects model with robust variance estimation to calculate mean effect sizes and standard deviations. We found moderating effects of measure or domain for all five personality traits, with differences in the direction of the effects. Our results highlight the importance of the domain and measure when examining how personality traits relate to academic achievement in school. The combination of subject domain and achievement was also found to be relevant for some of the traits. These findings emphasize that subject domains and types of achievement measures should be explicitly considered when investigating the personality saturation of student achievement. We discuss implications for future research, highlighting that there is no “best” or “more objective” achievement measure but, instead, that achievement measures should be chosen based on the research question of interest.

The longitudinal association between engagement and achievement varies by time, students' profiles, and achievement state: A full program study

Abstract: There is a paucity of longitudinal studies in online learning across courses or throughout programs. Our study intends to add to this emerging body of research by analyzing the longitudinal trajectories of interaction between student engagement and achievement over a full four-year program. We use learning analytics and life-course methods to study how achievement and engagement are intertwined and how such relationship evolves over a full program for 106 students. Our findings have indicated that the association between engagement and achievement varies between students and progresses differently between such groups over time. Our results showed that online engagement at any single time-point is not a consistent indicator for high achievement. It takes more than a single point of time to reliably forecast high achievement throughout the program. Longitudinal high grades, or longitudinal high levels of engagement (either separately or combined) were indicators of a stable academic trajectory in which students remained engaged —at least on average— and had a higher level of achievement. On the other hand, disengagement at any time point was consistently associated with lower achievement among low-engaged students. Improving to a higher level of engagement was associated with —at least— acceptable achievement levels and rare dropouts. Lack of improvement or “catching up” may be a more ominous sign that should be proactively addressed.

Staffing Schools to Support the Classroom: Examining Student-to-School-Counselor Ratios and Academic Student Outcomes in Texas

Abstract: Although previous studies have examined the influence of school counselor ratios on student outcomes for various states, no prior studies of counselor ratios focused on schools in Texas. Utilizing data from the National Center for Education Statistics, the Stanford Education Data Archive, the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Texas Education Agency, we found that lower ratios were significantly associated with student achievement and dropout and graduation rates in Texas.