Showing papers on "Alcohol fuel published in 2020"

Engine Parameters Assessment for Alcohols Fuels Application in Compression Ignition Engines

Abstract: An increasing interest of governments on alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (ICE) as a possible route to reduce pollutant and CO2 emissions has been shown. Advanced combustion concepts combined with alternative fuels have the potential to improve efficiency and emissions levels. In this framework, the compression ignition (CI) engines have a higher brake thermal efficiency compared to the spark ignition (SI) engines and therefore lower efficiency related CO2 emissions. High research octane number (RON) fuels can be used in CI engines to realize premixed combustion thus reducing the soot emissions, and to a certain extent also NOx. Thus, alternative alcohol fuels such as methanol and ethanol represent a valuable option for further reducing the CO2 footprint of CI engines. In this chapter, the main advantages and drawbacks of using alcohols as primary fuel or additive in diesel are evaluated in terms of performance, combustion characteristics and emissions, with particular reference to energetic analysis.

Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of Ethanol and n-Butanol Fuel Blends in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine

Abstract: Alcohol fuels are potential alternative fuels for low-temperature combustion concepts in internal combustion engine applications. In this work, 80 vol% of ethanol and 80 vol% of n-butanol are blended with 20 vol% of n-heptane, respectively. These two alcohol fuel blends are investigated in a combustion research unit and a single-cylinder heavy-duty engine to compare the combustion and emission characteristics. The effects of EGR rate and achievable operating load range when using ethanol and n-butanol are the major goals of this investigation. The results show that the ethanol fuel blend requires much higher temperatures to auto-ignite than do the n-butanol blend and diesel. Both alcohol fuel blends show negligible soot emissions in the medium load range when operated with a 40% EGR rate. However, the ethanol fuel blend produces more nucleation mode particles and fewer accumulation mode particles compared to the n-butanol fuel blend under the same operating condition. Furthermore, the particulate size distribution shows that diesel generates more particles with larger particle diameters and thus more soot mass compared to alcohol fuel blends. Still, both alcohol fuel blends can be operated from low to high load with simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot emissions but at the cost of increased HC and CO emissions. The Euro VI-regulated soot mass and particle number are achieved from low to medium-high load for alcohol fuels. Diesel has the great advantage of achieving high combustion efficiency but shows a NOx/soot tradeoff at a high EGR rate. Generally, the ethanol fuel blend yields the lowest gross indicated efficiency in the whole test range compared to diesel and the n-butanol fuel blend due to the necessity of inlet heating, which decreases the thermal efficiency. The n-butanol fuel blend achieves the highest gross indicated efficiency (above 50%) in the medium-high load range.

Nanomanufacturing of Non-Noble Amorphous Alloys for Electrocatalysis

Abstract: There is a strong surge in interest for hydrogen and direct alcohol fuel cells as zero-emission energy conversion and storage devices due to their high energy density compared to that for batteries...

Local Green Power Supply Plants Based on Alcohol Regenerative Gas Turbines: Economic and Environmental Aspects

Abstract: Growing economies need green and renewable energy. Their financial development can reduce energy consumption (through energy-efficient technologies) and replace fossil fuels with renewable ones. Gas turbine engines are widely used in transport and industry. To improve their economic attractiveness and to reduce harmful emissions, including greenhouse gases, alternative fuels and waste heat recovery technologies can be used. A promising direction is the use of alcohol and thermo-chemical recuperation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions of an alcohol-fueled regenerative gas turbine engine with thermo-chemical recuperation. The carbon dioxide emissions have been determined using engine efficiency, fuel properties, as well as life cycle analysis. The engine efficiency was maximized by varying the water/alcohol ratio. To evaluate steam fuel reforming for a certain engine, a conversion performance factor has been suggested. At the optimal water/methanol ratio of 3.075 this technology can increase efficiency by 4% and reduce tank-to-wake emission by 80%. In the last 6 months of 2019, methanol prices were promising for power and cogeneration plants in remote locations. The policy recommendation is that local authorities should pay attention to alcohol fuel and advanced turbines to curb the adverse effects of burning petroleum fuel on economic growth and the environment.

Alcohol Fuels for Spark-Ignition Engines: Performance, Efficiency, and Emission Effects at Mid to High Blend Rates for Ternary Mixtures

Abstract: This paper follows on from an earlier publication on high-blend-rate binary gasoline-alcohol mixtures and reports results for some equivalent ternary fuels from several investigation streams. In the present work, new findings are presented for high-load operation in a dedicated boosted multi-cylinder engine test facility, for operation in modified production engines, for knock performance in a single-cylinder test engine, and for exhaust particulate emissions at part load using both the prototype multi-cylinder engine and a separate single-cylinder engine. The wide variety of test engines employed have several differences, including their fuel delivery strategies. This range of engine specifications is considered beneficial with regard to the “drop-in fuel” conjecture, since the results presented here bear out the contention, already established in the literature, that when specified according to the known ternary blending rules, such fuels fundamentally perform identically to their binary equivalents in terms of engine performance, and outperform standard gasolines in terms of efficiency. However, in the present work, some differences in particulate emissions performance in direct-injection engines have been found at light load for the tested fuels, with a slight increase in particulate number observed with higher methanol contents than lower. A hypothesis is developed to explain this result but in general it was found that these fuels do not significantly affect PN emissions from such engines. As a result, this investigation supplies further evidence that renewable fuels can be introduced simply into the existing vehicle fleet, with the inherent backwards compatibility that this brings too.

Influence of alternative fuels on the particulate matter micro and nano-structures, volatility and oxidation reactivity in a compression ignition engine

Abstract: The present study investigates the impact of various alternative fuels, including biodiesel, methanol, ethanol, butanol and pentanol, on the micro and nano-structures, volatility and oxidation reactivity of particulate matter (PM) from a 4-cylinder compression ignition engine under low (10%) and high (80%) engine loads at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm. Four alcohols were mixed with diesel and biodiesel to obtain ternary fuels. The overall oxygen concentration of each ternary fuel was fixed at 6% by mass for establishing the same condition for comparing. In addition to the ternary fuels, pure biodiesel was also compared with diesel fuel. The results of the micro and nano-structures characteristics obtained from a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) reveal that the alternative fuels can disorder the PM micro and nano-structures, and also the particles produced by these fuels have lower primary particle diameter, particle agglomerate size and fringe length, however, higher fringe tortuosity and almost equal (insignificant rise) fringe separation distance compared to those produced by diesel fuel. The results obtained from a Thermogravimetric Analyzer/Differential Scanning Calorimeter (TGA/DSC) show that both biodiesel and alcohols have the potential to increase in PM volatile substances and oxidation reactivity rate, and decrease in PM non-volatile substances in comparison with those of diesel fuel. It is concluded that the pure biodiesel has the highest impact on the PM structure, volatility and oxidation reactivity among all the tested alternative fuels, while methanol has the highest impact on these parameters among all the tested alcohol fuels.

Effect of Diesel Fuel-Coconut Oil-Butanol Blends on Operational Parameters of Diesel Engine

Abstract: The global concentration of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is increasing as well as the emissions of harmful pollutants. Utilization of liquid biofuels in combustion engines helps to reduce these negative effects. For diesel engines, the most common alternative fuels are based on vegetable oils. Blending neat vegetable oils with diesel and/or alcohol fuels is a simple way to make them suitable for diesel engines. In this study, coconut oil was used in ternary fuel blends with diesel and butanol. Coconut oil is a potentially usable source of renewable energy, especially in the Pacific, where it is a local product. Diesel fuel-coconut oil-butanol fuel blends were used in concentrations of 70%/20%/10% and 60%/20%/20%, and 100% diesel fuel was used as a reference. The effect of the fuel blends on the production of harmful emissions, engine smoke, performance parameters, fuel consumption and solid particles production was monitored during the measurement. The engine was kept at a constant speed during the measurement and the load was selected at 50%, 75% and 100%. From the results, it can be stated that in comparison with diesel fuel, specific fuel consumption increased with a positive effect on the reduction of engine smoke.

Biodiesel/butanol blends as a pure biofuel excluding fossil fuels: Effects on diesel engine combustion, performance, and emission characteristics:

Abstract: Although both biodiesel and n-butanol are excellent renewable biofuels, most of the existing research works merely use them as the additives for petroleum diesel. As the main fuel properties of bio...

Influence of Low Level Bio-Alcohol Fuels on Fuel Economy and Emissions in Spark Ignition Engine Vehicles

Abstract: Received 2 April, 2020 Revised 18 April, 2020 Accepted 30 April, 2020 Abstract >> This study was conducted to analyze the impact of low level bio-alcohols that can be applied without modification of vehicles to improve air quality in Korea. The emissions and fuel economy of low level bio-alcohols mixed gasoline fuels of spark ignition vehicles, which are direct injection and port fuel injection, were studied in this paper. As a result of the evaluation, the particle number (PN) was reduced in all evaluation fuels compared to the sub octane gasoline without oxygen, but the correlation with the PN due to the increase in the oxygen content was not clear. In the CVS-75 mode, emitted CO tended to decrease compared to sub octane gasoline, but no significant correlation was found between NMHC, NOx and fuel economy. In addition, it was found that the aldehyde increased in the oxygenated fuel, and there was no difference in terms of the amount of aldehyde generated among a series of bio-alcohol mixed fuels.

Research of load modes of diesel engine at work on biofuel

Abstract: The relevance of the article is due to the need to replace traditional petroleum motor fuels with alternative ones derived from non-oil raw materials. Quite a good prospect has a variety of alcohol fuels, allowing their physical and chemical properties to use them as additives in regular oil fuel, thereby replacing it and significantly reducing harmful emissions of exhaust gases into the atmosphere. The efficiency of using ethanol and methanol as an ecological additive to petroleum diesel fuel was confirmed and the possibility of a significant reduction in toxicity and smokiness of exhaust gases during diesel operation on biofuel was experimentally proved.

Preparation of Pd-Ni catalyst with KMnO4 modified carbon black as carrier

Abstract: The Pd1Ni1/AC catalyst for the anode of a direct ethanol fuel cell is synthesized by taking carbon black pretreated by a potassium permanganate solution with a certain concentration as a carrier Theactivity of the Pd1Ni1/AC catalyst on ethanol reaction is superior to that of a palladium-carbon catalyst, and the stability is improved Therefore, synthesis of the Pd1Ni1/AC catalyst is of great significance to development of efficient and low-cost anode catalysts and promotion of commercial development of direct alcohol fuel cells