Showing papers on "Aromatic hydrocarbon published in 1982"

Suppository preparation having excellent absorption property

Abstract: A preparation containing an absorption promoter selected from N-acyl amino acid derivatives or N-acyl peptide derivatives represented by the formula: R-CO-A (R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aryl-substituted lower hydrocarbon group which may optionally be substituted, and A is an amino acid residue or a peptide residue), preferably in the presence of a salt at a concentation exhibiting higher osmotic pressure than isotonic sodium chloride solution, and a medicine is found to promote absorption of the medicine through a gastrointestinal organ such as the colon and rectum, and through the vagina.

Liquid-phase alkylation and transalkylation process

Abstract: A process for alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons with C2 to C4 olefins and for transalkylating alkyl or poly-alkylaromatic compounds with an aromatic hydrocarbon. A major portion of the aromatic hydrocarbon is recycled to the alkylation zone while the remainder thereof and poly-alkylaromatic hydrocarbons are subjected to transalkylation in a separate transalkylation zone. Mono-alkylaromatics produced in the alkylation zone are separated from the other reaction products prior to transalkylation.

Muconaldehyde, a potential toxic intermediate of benzene metabolism.

Abstract: The metabolite of benzene that is responsible for its hematological toxicity is unknown. Benzene is of course the parent aromatic hydrocarbon and mush attention has been focussed on classical pathways of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism in the search for toxic benzene metabolites. Elegant studies by a number of groups, including work presented at this symposium by Snyder, Irons, and Tunek, have evaluated metabolites such as benzene oxide, catechol, phenol, hydroquinone and their derivatives (See reviews by Snyder et al, 1977; Laskin and Goldstein, 1977). While there are some interesting clues concerning potentially toxic intermediates, and much important information has been obtained, the metabolic pathway and agent(s) responsible for the hematological toxicity of benzene remains unidentified.

Enhanced intersystem crossing in the oxygen quenching of aromatic hydrocarbon triplet states with high energies

Abstract: The yields of singlet oxygen resulting from the reactions of oxygen with the triplet states of some aromatic hydrocarbons were found to be less than unity. This means that the oxygen quenching of the triplet states of these aromatic hydrocarbons is not solely due to energy transfer as was previously believed to be the case.For all the compounds studied, the energies of the charge-transfer complex formed between the triplet states and oxygen, calculated from their oxidation potentials, were less than the energies of the isolated triplet states. It is concluded that the oxygen–triplet-state quenching encounters which do not involve energy transfer are proceeding through charge-transfer intermediates with energies lower than those of the isolated triplet states.

Biogeochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons in the benthos of microcosms

Abstract: Investigations into the fate of petroleum compounds in the marine environment were carried out using experimental microcosms of two sizes and designs. Aromatic hydrocarbons or No. 2 fuel oil were spiked to the water of a 13 m3 continuous flow system and to a 2281 recycled flow system. The transport and alteration of this oil was traced in the sediment and benthic organisms (Glycera americana, Crepidula sp., and Nephtys incisa) of these microcosms. Measurable contamination was found in both sample types. The aromatic hydrocarbon distribution, including relative isomeric distribution (e.g., C2‐phenanthrenes) was found to be different in sediment and in organisms from that which was originally introduced to the experimental microcosm. Differences in isomer distribution between Glycera and Crepidula were also detected. Based on the experimental data: molecular weight and specific isomeric form, biochemical processes, solubility, and particle adsorption/desorption influence the fate of petroleum compounds in b...

Diglycidyl substituted heterocyclic compounds

Abstract: Diclycidyl substituted heterocyclic compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X and Y can be the same or different and are either nitrogen or the radical C-R, where R is a hydrogen, or a hydrocarbon group, e.g., a straight or branched chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloaliphatic group, an aromatic hydrocarbon-substituted alkyl group, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted alkyl group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic group, or a hetero-cyclic-substituted alkyl group, and where the glycidyl group in the five-membered ring is attached to a ring nitrogen atom; processes for their preparation; and compositions and methods for their use as cytostatic agents.

Additive for improving performance of liquid hydrocarbon fuels

Abstract: Described herein is an additive to hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel and the like used, for example, in vehicles and furnaces The fuel comprises a mixutre of a low molecular weight alcohol, an aliphatic ester, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a halogenated alkene, a hydroxy unsaturated vegetable oil and an aliphatic hydrocarbon Use of the additive improves fuel efficiency and provides cleaner burning, ie, reduces engine deposits

Observation of 3-Hexene-2,5-dione in the Photooxidation of 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene in the NO-H2 O-Air System

Abstract: Formation of 3-hexene-2,5-dione (diacetylethylene) was observed in the photooxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in the mixture of NO-H2O-air. The 3-hexene-2,5-dione is a larger aromatic ring-ruptured compound than has been reported. Although the yield of 3-hexene-2,5-dione collected was very low, the formation of 3-hexene-2,5-dione showed that the formation of other large dicarbonyl compounds due to the cleavage reaction of aromatic ring is possible in the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Formation of 3-hexene-2,5-dione was also observed in the photooxidation of the p-xylene system.

Integrated Fischer-Tropsch and aromatic alkylation process

Abstract: The disclosure describes a process for alkylating aromatics comprising the steps of: (1) contacting a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst at conditions effective to form a first gas mixture containing an alkylating agent selected from ethylene or mixtures of ethylene and propylene; (2) removing from the first gas mixture components capable of alkylating aromatics and having boiling points higher than the selected alkylating agent to form a second gas mixture which contains less than about 10 mole percent of the selected alkylating agent and more than about 5 mole percent each of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; (3) combining the second gas mixture with sufficient alkylatable aromatic hydrocarbon to form a third mixture containing at least about a 1 to 1 aromatic to alkylating agent mole ratio; and (4) contacting the third mixture with a heterogeneous alkylation catalyst at conditions effective to alkylate the aromatic hydrocarbon.

Method for preparing color-free, stabilized polymers of conjugated dienes or vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons or copolymers of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract: A method for preparing essentially color-free, stabilized polymers of conjugated dienes or vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons or copolymers of conjugated dienes and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons involves a first stage in which a living polymer of a conjugated diene or vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon or copolymer of a conjugated diene and a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon is prepared by anionically polymerizing the conjugated diene or vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, or copolymerizing the conjugated diene and the vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon using a lithium-based catalyst and an inert hydrocarbon diluent. Then, the living polymer or copolymer is terminated by the addition of a suitable terminating agent. Following the termination procedure, boric acid is added to the polymer of copolymer in a sufficient amount to prevent or substantially reduce color formation. Then, stabilizing agents are added to the polymer or copolymer and the polymer or copolymer is recovered from the diluent.

A method of recovering a catalytic metal

Abstract: A method of recovering a catalytic cobalt and/or manganese from a distillation residue in a process for preparing an aromatic carboxylic acid comprising a liquid-phase oxidation of the aromatic hydrocarbon having aliphatic substituent(s) or its oxidized derivatives in the presence of the catalytic cobalt and/or manganese and the distillation of the reaction product, which comprises successively or simultaneously treating the distillation residue with water and with an organic solvent having a relative dielectric constant D of

Block copolymers of conjugated dienes or vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and acrylic esters and process for their manufacture

Abstract: Block copolymers having a first sequence formed with a conjugated diene or a vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon other than alpha-methylstyrene, a second sequence formed with an acrylic ester, and a linking intermediate sequence formed with alpha-methylstyrene. An anionic polymerization process is used to form these block copolymers.

Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbon in marine sediments of three North Sea oil fields

Abstract: On a survey around three North Sea oil fields in 1980 the biodegradation of the hydrocarbons 14C-naphthalene and 14C-benzo[a]pyrene was measured. An amino acid mixture was taken as reference substrate for total heterotrophic activity. The rate of uptake of naphthalene was found to increase with decreasing distance from the oil platform at all fields with maximum values at stations 0.5 miles (ca 0.8 km) from the centre of oil activity. Data on naphthalene uptake parallel GC-MS data for aromatic hydrocarbons and allow an estimation of the actual uptake velocity of naphthalene in the sediment to be made. A significant mineralisation of benzo[a]pyrene could only occasionally be detected. The respiration of amino acids did not show any pattern related to the oil field activities.

Production of jet and diesel fuels from highly aromatic oils

Abstract: Highly aromatic hydrocarbon feedstocks are converted to jet fuel or diesel fuel using a sulfided, halogen promoted Group VIB - Group VIII metal on an alumina-containing support. The preferred catalyst is a presulfided, fluorine-promoted nickel-tungsten on silica-alumina catalyst wherein the nickel is present in amounts of between 18 and 22 weight percent based on the total catalyst weight.

Hydroalkylation catalyst and methods for producing and employing same

Abstract: An aromatic hydrocarbon is contacted under suitable hydroalkylation conditions with a composition comprising a calcined, acidic, nickel and rare earth-treated crystalline zeolite.

Nucleophilic substitution process

Abstract: 2-(Fluoronitrobenzene)alkyl cyanides are prepared by reacting a fluoronitrobenzene with an alpha-substituted alkyl cyanide in a substantially anhydrous aprotic solvent and in the presence of a base so that the alkyl cyanide reactant undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction on an unsubstituted carbon atom of the fluoronitrobenzene during which the alpha-substituent of the alkyl cyanide reactant functions as a leaving group. Use of 2-fluoronitrobenzene and an alpha-substituted propionitrile (e.g., 2-chloropropionitrile) produces a novel compound, 2-(3-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene)propionitrile. Reduction of the nitro substituent produces another novel compound, 2-(4-amino-3-fluorobenzene)proprionitrile. This can readily be converted to 2-(3-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionitrile by means of a Gomberg-Bachmann reaction with an aromatic hydrocarbon or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon which in turn can be converted on hydrolysis into the corresponding 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid. Use of benzene in the Gomberg-Bachmann reaction thus enables production of flurbiprofen, a well-known pharmaceutical.

Process for producing molded particulate articles utilizing a self-releasing binder based on a sulfonic acid modified isocyanate

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substantially anhydrous binder having a self-releasing effect for the production of pressed articles comprising: (A) a polyisocyanate; and (B) a sulfonic acid corresponding to the general formula: R--SO.sub.3 H).sub.n wherein n represents an integer of 1 or 2; R represents an aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 15 carbon atoms, an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkaromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 7 to 24 carbon atoms; and the equivalent ratio of the components (A) and (B) is 100:0.5 to 100:20. The invention is also directed to the use of such binders in the production of shaped articles by the hot pressing of a wide variety of organic and/or inorganic materials.

Novel trisazo compound and production thereof

Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:Trisazo compounds of formula I or II, wherein Ar is a substd. or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic ring. USE:Photoconductive materials for electrophotographic materials. The compounds have excellent characteristics as an electric charge-generating material. PREPARATION:A hexazonium salt of formula II (wherein X is an anion) is reacted with a compd. of formula IV or V to obtain the desired compd. which is a colored crystal at room temp. Examples of the Ar group of the compds. of formulas I and II are arom. hydrocarbon rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene ; and hetrocyclic rings such as pyridine, furan, thiophene, indole, carbazole and dibenzofuran. Said Ar group may be substituted with lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, dialkylamino or halogen.

Preparation of hydroperoxide

Abstract: PURPOSE:To improve the rate of reaction, suppress side reactions and obtain the titled compound in high yield in a very short time, by oxidizing an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen in the presence of a soluble barium salt. CONSTITUTION:An aromatic hydrocarbon of formulaI[R1 is H, CH3 or C2H5; R2 is H, CH3, C2H5, CH(CH3)2 or group of formula II]in the liquid phase is subjected to the contact reaction with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen. In the process, 0.001-1wt%, based on the compound of formulaI, soluble barium salt, e.g. a salt of naphthenic acid or a 2-20C carboxylic acid, is present in the reaction system, and the reaction is carried out at 80-150 deg.C under a pressure .G to give the aimed hydroperoxide.

Preparation of aralkyl monosubstituted hydroquinone

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the titled compound which is a diol component of a polyester in high yield and purity, by reacting hydroquinone with an aromatic unsaturated compound in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst and an aralkyl monosubstituted hydroquinone as a solvent. CONSTITUTION: Hydroquinone is reacted with an aromatic unsaturated compound expressed by formulaI(Ar is aromatic hydrocarbon; R 1 WR 3 are H or 1W4C alkyl) to prepare an aralkyl monosubstituted hydroquinone expressed by formula II. In the process, phosphoric acid, e.g. orthophosphoric acid or pyrophosphoric acid, is used as a catalyst, and an aralkyl monosubstituted hydroquinone expressed by formula II is used as a solvent. The disubstitution product is scarcely formed in spite of the much monosubstitution product, and the polymerization of the aromatic compound is rather individually prevented to promote the formation reaction of the monosubstitution product. COPYRIGHT: (C)1983,JPO&Japio

Methods for producing mesophase pitch and binder pitch

Abstract: A method of producing a pitch or a coke, comprising reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon with anhydrous AlCl 3 and an acid salt fo an organic amine which acid salt reduces the activity of the AlCl 3 , and is miscible with the AlCl 3 to form a molten eutectic salt mixture reactive with the aromatic hydrocarbon.

Process for the preparation of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures with a high benzene content are prepared from non-aromatic organic compounds over a crystalline iron-aluminium silicate (CIAS) catalyst having a SiO 2 /Fe 2 O 3 molar ratio of 100-300 and a SIO 2 /AI 2 O 3 molar ratio of 135-1900.

Thermal process for the liquefaction of aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation residues and recovery of acetic acid

Abstract: A thermal process for the decarboxylation and dehydration of aromatic acid residue to convert such residue to grindable form and recover the solvent of reaction therefrom.

Process for the preparation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenylacetic acid

Abstract: Process for the preparation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenylacetic acid in which the potassium salts of 2-chlorophenylacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenol are reacted in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents at elevated temperatures in the presence of a copper chloride catalyst, followed thereafter by acidification.

Preparing blends of a synthetic rubber with a poly(arylene oxide) by distillative displacement

Abstract: A rubber from a solution polymerization process dissolved in a lower boiling cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon is contacted countercurrently in column means with hot higher boiling aromatic hydrocarbon vapor. The lower boiling cycloaliphatic solvent is stripped out overhead and displaced by the higher boiling aromatic which condenses to form a rubber-in-aromatic solvent solution. The rubbery copolymer-in-aromatic solvent can be readily blended with a poly(arylene oxide) solution in aromatic solvent. The resulting rubber/poly(arylene oxide) blend in the higher boiling aromatic solvent can be readily steam-stripped to form a rubber/poly(arylene oxide) polymer mixture crumb. Optionally, the co-mixed polymers in the higher boiling aromatic solvent are flash concentrated prior to steam-stripping.