Showing papers on "Avena published in 2018"
TL;DR: This study demonstrates that PGPR play an imperative function in stimulating salt tolerance in plants and can be used as biofertilizer to enhance growth of crops in saline areas.
150 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that cover crop mixtures require only low seeding rates of aggressive grass species to provide weed suppression, which creates an opportunity for other species to deliver additional ecosystem services, though careful species selection may be required to maintain mixture diversity and avoid dominance of winter-hardy cover crop grasses in the spring.
Abstract: Interest in planting mixtures of cover crop species has grown in recent years as farmers seek to increase the breadth of ecosystem services cover crops provide. As part of a multidisciplinary project, we quantified the degree to which monocultures and mixtures of cover crops suppress weeds during the fall-to-spring cover crop growing period. Weed-suppressive cover crop stands can limit weed seed rain from summer- and winter-annual species, reducing weed population growth and ultimately weed pressure in future cash crop stands. We established monocultures and mixtures of two legumes (medium red clover and Austrian winter pea), two grasses (cereal rye and oats), and two brassicas (forage radish and canola) in a long fall growing window following winter wheat harvest and in a shorter window following silage corn harvest. In fall of the long window, grass cover crops and mixtures were the most weed suppressive, whereas legume cover crops were the least weed suppressive. All mixtures also effectively suppressed weeds. This was likely primarily due to the presence of fast-growing grass species, which were effective even when they were seeded at only 20% of their monoculture rate. In spring, weed biomass was low in all treatments due to winter kill of summer-annual weeds and low germination of winter annuals. In the short window following silage corn, biomass accumulation by cover crops and weeds in the fall was more than an order of magnitude lower than in the longer window. However, there was substantial weed seed production in the spring in all treatments not containing cereal rye (monoculture or mixture). Our results suggest that cover crop mixtures require only low seeding rates of aggressive grass species to provide weed suppression. This creates an opportunity for other species to deliver additional ecosystem services, though careful species selection may be required to maintain mixture diversity and avoid dominance of winter-hardy cover crop grasses in the spring.Nomenclature: Austrian winter pea, Pisum sativum L.; canola, Brassica napus L.; cereal rye, Secale cereale L., corn, Zea mays L., forage radish, Raphanus sativus L., medium red clover, Trifolium pratense L.; oats, Avena sativa L.; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
113 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that SiNPs didn't have a toxic effect on the oat plants, and in many cases they enhanced plant growth, and their effects were identical to silicate but differed in intensity.
97 citations
TL;DR: The surface SEM morphology of the oats showed that the cell wall structure was damaged by the crude enzyme treatment, which led to the release of phenolics, which could more efficiently increase the nutrition of oat intended for functional food ingredients.
67 citations
TL;DR: This research has broadened the knowledge on the development of whole-grain oat products as a probiotic carrier and on the difference between mixed solid-state fermentation (SSF) and fungi SSF in terms of protein degradation and the capacity to release ACE inhibitory peptides.
Abstract: This study explored a novel strategy to develop solid-state whole-grain oats as a novel carrier of lactic acid bacteria and a nutraceutical supplement rich in ACE inhibitory peptides. Oats were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum B1-6, Rhizopus oryzae, or a combination of L. plantarum B1-6 and R. oryzae. L. plantarum showed a much better growth performance in oats when it was combined with R. oryzae than when it was cultured alone, as evidenced by an increase in viable cell count to 9.70 log cfu g−1 after 72 h of fermentation. The coinoculated fermented oats (CFO) and the R. oryzae-fermented oats (RFO) were then selected for investigations on protein hydrolysis and on the functional properties of the released bioactive peptides. The results showed that the soluble protein contents changed from 7.05 mg g−1 to 14.43 and 10.21 mg g−1 for CFO and RFO, respectively. However, the degree of hydrolysis and the content of peptides with molecular masses less than 10 000 Da indicated that the CFO proteins can be degraded to a greater degree. As analyzed by electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, the protein and peptide profiles of CFO and RFO demonstrated that the proteins from CFO were more obviously hydrolyzed and more small peptides were obtained. In addition, both CFO and RFO presented higher ACE inhibitory activities than unfermented oats, whereas the protein extracts from CFO exerted a lower IC50 value of 0.42 mg protein per mL compared with the protein extracts from the other samples. This research has broadened our knowledge on the development of whole-grain oat products as a probiotic carrier and on the difference between mixed solid-state fermentation (SSF) and fungi SSF in terms of protein degradation and the capacity to release ACE inhibitory peptides. Our approach could be used to obtain probiotic food products and probably to develop oats as a potential therapeutic ingredient targeting hypertension.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of diesel oil contamination with diesel oil (3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 g/kg soil) on the yield and the content of macroelements in oat and maize cultivated in soil supplemented with nitrogen and saw- dust was investigated.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with diesel oil (3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 g/kg soil) on the yield and the content of macroelements in oat and maize cultivated in soil supplemented with nitrogen and saw- dust. The correlation between the content of macroelements in the crops and the soil enzymatic activity was also de- termined. High doses of diesel oil had a definite negative effect on the content of all macroelements in oat, excluding phosphorus. The presence of diesel oil had a favourable effect on the accumulation of most of macroelements in the above-ground parts of maize. Nitrogen application to the soil caused an increase in the content of nitrogen and in the accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the above-ground parts of both crops as well as an increase in sodium content in maize. Sawdust applied to the soil had a considerably lower effect (several to less than 20%) on the content of macroelements in plants. A correlation between the activity of urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase in the soil and the content of macroelements in plants cultivated in diesel oil contaminated soil was observed. This correlation was positive only in the case of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus content in oats.
43 citations
TL;DR: Significant varietal differences were observed in the cumulative content of phenolic acids, with the lowest level found in cv.
Abstract: Finland is the second largest oat producer in Europe. Despite the existing knowledge of phenolics in oat, there is little information on the phenolic composition of oats from Finland. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of free and bound phenolic acids, as well as avenanthramides in eight Finnish cultivars of husked oat ( Avena sativa L.). Seven phenolic acids and one phenolic aldehyde were identified, including, in decreasing order of abundance: p-coumaric, ferulic, cinnamic, syringic, vanillic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, and o-coumaric acids and syringaldehyde. Phenolic acids were mostly found as bound compounds. Significant varietal differences ( p < 0.05) were observed in the cumulative content of phenolic acids, with the lowest level found in cv. 'Viviana' (1202 ± 52.9 mg kg-1) and the highest in cv. 'Akseli' (1687 ± 80.2 mg kg-1). Avenanthramides (AVNs) 2a, 2p, and 2f were the most abundant. Total AVNs levels ranged from 26.7 ± 1.44 to 185 ± 12.5 mg kg-1 in cv. 'Avetron' and 'Viviana', respectively.
42 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that seedling growth and seed germinability could retain a certain level in aged oat seeds, predominantly depending on the lower NO regulation of the TCA cycle and AsA-GSH.
Abstract: Mitochondria are the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells and play a central role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycles; however, ROS production and regulation for seed germination, seedling growth, as well as mitochondrial responses to abiotic stress, are not clear. This study was conducted to obtain basic information on seed germination, embryo mitochondrial antioxidant responses, and protein profile changes in artificial aging in oat seeds (Avena sativa L.) exposed to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) treatment. The results showed that the accumulation of H2O2 in mitochondria increased significantly in aged seeds. Artificial aging can lead to a loss of seed vigor, which was shown by a decline in seed germination and the extension of mean germination time (MGT). Seedling growth was also inhibited. Some enzymes, including catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), maintained a lower level in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) scavenging system. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of some proteins related to the TCA cycle were down-regulated and several enzymes related to mitochondrial ETC were up-regulated. With the application of 0.05 mM NO in aged oat seeds, a protective effect was observed, demonstrated by an improvement in seed vigor and increased H2O2 scavenging ability in mitochondria. There were also higher activities of CAT, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR in the AsA-GSH scavenging system, enhanced TCA cycle-related enzymes (malate dehydrogenase, succinate-CoA ligase, fumarate hydratase), and activated alternative pathways, as the cytochrome pathway was inhibited. Therefore, our results indicated that seedling growth and seed germinability could retain a certain level in aged oat seeds, predominantly depending on the lower NO regulation of the TCA cycle and AsA-GSH. Thus, it could be concluded that the application of 0.05 mM NO in aged oat seeds improved seed vigor by enhancing the mitochondrial TCA cycle and activating alternative pathways for improvement.
35 citations
TL;DR: Oat bran phenolics follow a relatively rapid urinary excretion, with 30 metabolites excreted within 8 h of intake, which suggests that bound phenolics are, in part, rapidly released by the microbiota.
Abstract: cope
Wholegrain has been associated with reduced chronic disease mortality, with oat intake particularly notable for lowering blood cholesterol and glycemia. To better understand the complex nutrient profile of oats, we studied urinary excretion of phenolic acids and avenanthramides after ingestion of oat bran in humans.
Methods and results
After a 2d (poly)phenol-low diet, 7 healthy men provided urine 12h before, and 48h after, consuming 60g oat bran (7.8μmol avenanthramides, 139.2μmol phenolic acids) or a phenolic-low (traces of phenolics) control in a crossover design. Analysis by UPLC-MS/MS showed that oat bran intake resulted in an elevation in urinary excretion of 30 phenolics relative to the control, suggesting that they are oat bran-derived. Mean excretion levels were elevated between 0–2 and 4–8h, following oat bran intake, and amounted to a total of 33.7 ± 7.3μmol total excretion (mean recovery: 22.9 ± 5.0%), relative to control. The predominant metabolites included: vanillic acid, 4- and 3-hydroxyhippuric acids and sulfate-conjugates of benzoic and ferulic acids, which accounted collectively for two thirds of total excretion.
Conclusion
Oat bran phenolics follow a relatively rapid urinary excretion, with 30 metabolites excreted within 8h of intake. These levels of excretion suggest that bound phenolics are, in part, rapidly released by the microbiota.
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30 citations
TL;DR: According to results of this study, TBP gene is the most stable reference gene and therefore, this gene can be used as a reference gene for future studies of quantitative PCR analysis of herbicide stress-responsive gene expression in wild oat and potentially in other grass weed species.
Abstract: Weeds are serious problem in crop production and wild oat is a grass weed of economic and agronomic significance. We need to extend our basic knowledge of weeds especially in molecular genetics and gene expression. For study of gene expression by semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR, it is recommended that normalization of reference genes be carried out in order to select the most stable reference gene for a precise gene expression study. The purpose of this research was evaluation of four reference genes in response to treated and untreated (control) by herbicide in two tissues (stem and leaf) of non-target site resistance wild oat (A. ludoviciana). Four candidate reference genes including Actin, Ef1α (elongation factor 1 alpha), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and TBP (TATA-box-binding protein) were used to determine stable reference gene exposed to the herbicide using the statistical methods of NormFinder, BestKeeper and delta-Ct. NormFinder indicated that TBP and Actin genes are the best combination of two genes for normalizing calculations (with a combined gene stability value of 0.012) for qPCR analysis under herbicide stress in different tissues of non-target site resistance wild oat. Based on the statistical results, the Ef1α gene was identified as the unstable reference gene. Totally, according to results of this study, TBP gene is the most stable reference gene and therefore, this gene can be used as a reference gene for future studies of quantitative PCR analysis of herbicide stress-responsive gene expression in wild oat and potentially in other grass weed species.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of pressure and temperature on the supercritical extraction of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenolic content from oats were explored, and a maximum polyphenol content of 1437.57μg/g was predicted.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of nitrogen in plants were investigated. But the effect of different substances (compost, brown coal, lime and bentonite) on the intake of nitrogen by some plants was not analyzed.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg Cd/kg of soil) contamination in soil with the application of different substances (compost, brown coal, lime and bentonite) on the intake of nitrogen by some plants. The correlations between the nitrogen content in the plants and the cadmium concentration in the soil, as well as the plant yield and the content of micro- and macroelements in the plants were determined. Plant species and cadmium dose determined the effects of soil contamination with cadmium on the content of nitrogen. Large doses of cadmium caused an increase in nitrogen content in the Avena sativa straw and roots and in the Zea mays roots. Soil contamination with cadmium resulted in a decrease of nitrogen content in the Avena sativa grain, in above-ground parts and roots of the Lupinus luteus, in the above-ground parts of the Zea mays and in the above-ground parts and roots of Phacelia tanacaetifolia. Among the experimental different substances, the application of bentonite had the strongest and a usually negative effect on the nitrogen content in plants. The greatest effect of bentonite was on Avena sativa grain, above-ground parts Zea mays and Lupinus luteus and Phacelia tanacaetifolia. The content of nitrogen in the plants was generally positively correlated with the content of the macroelements and some of the microelements, regardless of the substances added to the soil.
TL;DR: Doubled haploid (DH) technology in oat has not reached the same stage as in other cereals leading to its application in plant breeding, and all DH lines are incorporated to breeding programs for the development of new cultivars.
Abstract: Doubled haploid (DH) technology in oat has not reached the same stage as in other cereals leading to its application in plant breeding. The objective of this investigation was to increase the effectiveness of Avena sativa L. haploid embryo germination obtained by the distant crosses with maize. Developed embryos (obtained from 22 genotypes) were transferred on five germination media: MS (Murashige and Skoog, Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962) with 3% sucrose, pH 5.8 (control medium), and 190-2 supplemented with 6 and 9% maltose. The pH of 190-2 was adjusted to 5.5 and 6.0. Of all tested genotypes, 591 haploid embryos were obtained, almost half of them (279) germinated. The rate of haploid embryo germination induced on 190-2 was 6.92%, while in MS it was 3.25%. The sugar and its concentration significantly affected the germination of haploid embryos. The highest percentage of haploid embryo germination (9.11%) and DH lines production (1.64%) was achieved on 190-2 with 9% maltose and pH 6.0. All DH lines are incorporated to breeding programs for the development of new cultivars.
TL;DR: Results showed that sodium root:leaf ratio and nitrogen concentration in olive leaves were significantly increased in TL treatment, and polyphenol content was significantly increasedIn olive leaves when oats were used as cover crops, in relation to the high N-deficiency observed in olive Leaves of TG treatment.
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The exploration of new candidates for the syntrophic bacterial interactions and fermentability of oat non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) showed that Bacillus licheniformis pre-digests oat NSP, degrades high viscosity of Oat β-glucan and makes hemicellulose easier to access for other bacteria.
Abstract: Prebiotics inducing the growth or activity of beneficial intestinal bacteria - probiotics producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have lately received wide recognition for their beneficial influence on host intestinal microbiota and metabolic health. Some non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are defined as prebiotics and oats being one of richest sources of NSP in grains are considered as potentially having prebiotic effect. However, information on fermentation of specific NSP of oats is limited. Moreover, bacterial cross-feeding interactions in which fermentation of prebiotics is involved is poorly characterized. Here, we report the exploration of new candidates for the syntrophic bacterial interactions and fermentability of oat non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The results obtained by differentiating composition, viscosity and concentration of oats NSP in fermentation medium showed that Bacillus licheniformis pre-digests oat NSP, degrades high viscosity of oat β-glucan and makes hemicellulose easier to access for other bacteria. Because of fermentation, B. licheniformis produces lactic and succinic acids, which further can be used by other bacteria for cross-feeding and SCFA production.
08 May 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, 30-40nm size gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at two concentrations were found to enhance the total biomass yield of wheat and oats, and the noticeable difference in fresh weight and relative leaf water content were recorded.
Abstract: Nanostructures have recently been reported by various research groups to induce growth enhancement in variety of crops. In this report 30-40 nm size gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at two concentrations were found to enhance the total biomass yield of wheat and oats. Treating plants with up to 100 µl /mL and 200 µl /mL of AuNPs shows an increased growth and germination rate. The noticeable difference in fresh weight and relative leaf water content were recorded. The fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy detected the gold nanoparticles inside the seedling.
TL;DR: In this paper, the composition of β-glucan (BG) from yeast, oat, and mushrooms was analyzed in BALB/cMlac mice, and changes in cytokines level, antioxidant enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated about 9142 ± 507, 8690 ± 344, and 8443 ± 410% of BG were recorded in yeast, mushroom, and oat samples, respectively.
Abstract: Beta-glucan (BG) is one of the most common types of polysaccharides, and is a potent immune activator It is present in microbes, plants, and mushrooms The immunomodulatory properties of BG are varied among different species This paper explains the composition of BG from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae HII31), oat (Avena sativa L) and mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), and also describes in vivo immunomodulation and changes in the antioxidant capacity of BG In vivo studies were conducted in BALB/cMlac mice, and changes in cytokines level, antioxidant enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated About 9142 ± 507, 8690 ± 344, and 8443 ± 410% of BG were recorded in yeast, mushroom, and oat samples, respectively, with 4-5% of α-glucan in all the samples The band area range ratio analysis indicate that yeast and mushroom have a high content of β-1,3-glucan followed by β-1,6-glucan, whereas oat recorded a high content of β-1,4-glucan Yeast-BG stimulated the expression of IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β effectively Moreover, antioxidant capacity was enhanced during yeast-BG supplementation in a dose-dependent manner than oat and mushroom BG This study reveals that yeast-BG is a potent immune activator and enhancer of the host’s antioxidant capacity than oat, and mushroom-BG
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study showed that there exists a large genetic variation among oats genotypes for most of the characters which could be exploited for direct selection of high yielding genotypes.
Abstract: The present investigation was conducted with 25 genotypes of oats and were grown during rabi 2015-16 to assess the performance, variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient analysis using sixteen various yield and yield contributing traits in RCBD with three replications. Variances component method was used to estimate variability and selection parameters using standard approach. The genotypes differed significantly for most of the traits and relatively wide range of the mean for all characters indicated the existence of variation among the tested genotypes. High phenotypes coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for fresh green weight per plant, total number of tillers per plant, number of grains per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. High GCV along with high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for Fresh green weight per plant, total numbers of tillers per plant, plant height, numbers of grains per plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly associated plant height, straw weight per plant, harvest index, leaf width, biological yield per plant, and number of grains per plant and 100-seed weight at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that number of leaves per plant showed maximum positive direct effect on seed yield and also exhibited positive correlation with seed yield per plant. This study showed that there exists a large genetic variation among oats genotypes for most of the characters which could be exploited for direct selection of high yielding genotypes.
TL;DR: In this article, cold temperature upregulated the activites of catalase, guaiacol peroxide, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase in root and shoot of all four genotypes.
Abstract: Chilling tolerance adaptation in plant cell can be correlated with efficiency of antioxidant defence system, antioxidants and osmoprotectants. In this study, such responses were comparatively studied in four high yielding oats genotypes (OL-9, OL-10, OL-125, Kent) under control (25 °C) and chilling stress (5 °C) conditions. Cold temperature upregulated the activites of catalase, guaiacol peroxide, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase in root and shoot of all four genotypes. The SOD enzyme activity was decreased in both organs by 32% with chilling stress. Chilling stress increased redox potential of plant cell significantly by increasing the level of ascorbate and glutathione in order to cope up the reactive oxygen species The concentration of proline, total phenol, total sugar, H2O2, soluble protein and free amino acids was increased with imposition of cold stress in both roots and shoots though a decline in MDA content was observed. The observed biochemical diversity revealed that catalase, APX, glutathione and sugars appeared to have greater role in conferring chilling tolerance in oats genotypes as indicated by their greater variations with cold stress.
TL;DR: This study evaluated oat grain samples from South Dakota for the incidence of Penicillium verrucosum, the major ochratoxigenic fungus in temperate regions and found the incidence ranged from 1 to 16%, and the majority of those samples originated from one location.
TL;DR: This study demonstrated that grain type white seeded food oat variety 79 Ab 382 (Tx) 80 SA 94 is superior in grain yield performance on acidic soil in the multilocation trials across the testing environments and has better agronomic performance.
Abstract: Oats remain an important crop in marginal ecologies, for grain as well as for feed. They are well adapted to a wide range of soil types and can perform better than other small-grain cereals on acid soils. Low soil pH and associated soil infertility problems are considered to be amongst the major challenges to acid sensitive crops production. This study demonstrated that grain type white seeded food oat variety 79 Ab 382 (Tx) 80 SA 94 is superior in grain yield performance on acidic soil in the multilocation trials across the testing environments. It has better agronomic performance and has showed a comparative yield advantage of 5.53% over the mean. Hence, it has been approved for release by the National Variety Release Committee. Therefore, cultivation of the new variety is recommended in highland acid prone areas of the country having similar climatic conditions with the testing sites. The oat variety 79Ab 382 (Tx) 80SA94 contain a high percentage of protein (16.0), fat (8.4) and ash (3.6) which have proved it highly nutritive in comparison to other cereals. Its high lipid content (8.4%) makes it different from other cereals. The mineral content of 79Ab 382 (Tx) 80 SA 94 oat variety was better than other cereals and its calcium content was (156.35 mg l-1). In preparation of injera; mixing ratio of 75% teff and 25% oat (treatment 4) showed an excellent over all acceptance with all injera quality parameters (i.e., texture, colour, odour, taste and eye distribution) at equal level with injera made from teff which is the stable food in the country. Since this underutilized food oat has a better nutritional value than those conventional small seeded cereal crops, it gave an insight to feed the ever-increasing population of the country and solve the demand of raw material for up-coming agro industries.
TL;DR: In this article, the germination of common oat and naked oat (species Abel) were followed, and changes of basic nutrients (dry matter, ash, proteins, dietary fibre, fat, amino acids), vitamins (B 1, B 2, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamins B 6, vitamin C and carotenoids), minerals and some trace elements (K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) during germination were followed.
Abstract: Changes of basic nutrients (dry matter, ash, proteins, dietary fibre, fat, amino acids), vitamins (B 1 , B 2 , niacin, pantothenic acid, By C, E and carotenoids), minerals and some trace elements (K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) during germination of common oat (species Auron) and naked oat (species Abel) were followed. Absorption of water caused decrease of dry matter. Content of protein in dry matter increased due the storage starch decomposition in germinating grains. Methionine was found to be the limiting amino acid. After 8 days of germination the fat content was approximately by 7% and 40% lower and dietary fibre content by 212% and 142% higher in naked oat and common oat, respectively (in dry matter). Content of vitamin By niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B 6 , vitamin C and carotenoids increased by 429, 282, 188, 172, 447 and 478%, resp. in naked oat. The increase in common oat was even higher, but with regard to lower original levels in dry grain, naked oat represented better source of vitamins. No significant changes were found in vitamin B 1 , vitamin E content showed slight decrease. Changes of minerals were more favourable in naked oat, increase of Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe and Cu between 23.7 and 60.7% of original value was observed. Contents of K and Mn were reduced in both tested oats.
TL;DR: Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter cover crop species on the agronomic performance of soybean ( Glycine max ) cropped in succession, under a no-tillage system. The study was conducted during three crop seasons (2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014), with the following cover crops: white oat ( Avena sativa ), black oat ( Avena strigosa ), ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ), vetch ( Vicia sativa ), forage radish ( Raphanus sativus ), the intercrop black oat + forage radish, and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) as the standard management. Forage radish and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided greater soil cover rates after 30 days of planting, as well as dry matter production in the crop seasons. After 45 and 90 days from desiccation, however, white oat and ryegrass showed the highest soil cover rate. Black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish provided higher soybean yield than the standard management with wheat, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. Winter cover crops can significantly affect soybean yield in succession, and black oat and the intercrop black oat + forage radish stand out for this purpose.
25 Nov 2018
TL;DR: El rendimiento de forraje verde, materia seca y calidad ofraje fueron superiores al del monocultivo de avena, y se observó mayor capacidad competitiva de the vicia común comparado with the capacidad Competitiva oficial de the avena.
Abstract: The oats (Avena sativa) and common vetch (Vicia sativa) cultivated in association was evaluated under dry land conditions at 4035 m above sea level to determine its performance and effects on yield, forage quality and interspecific competition. On average, the yield of green forage, dry matter and quality of forage were higher than that of oat monoculture (p1). None of the species showed aggressive behaviour (A=0) and greater competitive ability of the common vetch (CR>1) was observed compared with the competitive capacity of oats.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of differential phosphorus (P) supply on the development of oat seedlings ( Avena sativa L. ‘Arab’) as well as localization and activity of acid phosphatases in tissues and root exudates was studied.
Abstract: We studied the effect of differential phosphorus (P) supply on the development of oat seedlings ( Avena sativa L. ‘Arab’) as well as localization and activity of acid phosphatases in tissues and root exudates. Plants were grown for 1–3 weeks on nutrient media with inorganic phosphate (+P, control), reduced Pi (0.1 P), phytic acid (PA) as organic P source, and without P addition (−P), in standard conditions or in a split-root culture system. Phosphate starvation reduced shoot growth but increased root elongation and root/shoot ratio, whereas 0.1 P and PA oat plants had similar growth parameters to +P plants. The growth on −P medium significantly decreased Pi content in all tissues, but only a slight Pi decrease was observed in plants grown on 0.1 P and PA media or various split-root system conditions. Pi starvation led to an increase in acid phosphatase (APase) activity in root exudates when compared to +P, 0.1 P, and PA plant samples. APase activity was especially intensive in root cross sections in rhizodermis and around/in vascular tissues of −P plants. For plants grown on 0.1 P medium and on phytic acid, APase activity did not change when compared to the control. Three major isoforms of APases were detected in plant tissues (similar in all studied conditions, with a higher activity of one isoform under Pi deficit). Generally, lowered Pi content (0.1 P) was not stressful to oat plants for up to 3 weeks of culture. Oat plants grew equally well on nutrient media with Pi and on media with phytate, although phytate was considered not available for other plants. The oat plants activated mainly extracellular APases, but also intracellular enzymes, rather via nonlocal signals, to acquire Pi from external/internal sources under Pi deficiency.