Showing papers on "Benzaldehyde published in 1971"

Autoxidation products of 2,4-decadienal

Abstract: 2,4-Decadienal was autoxidized by purging a purified sample with oxygen. An analysis of the autoxidative degradation products was made with tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additional information was obtained from the determination of the melting point of the dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and IR absorbency data. Pentane, furan, ethanal, hexanal, acrolein, butenal, 2-heptenal, 2-octenal, benzaldehyde, glyoxal,trans-2-buten-1,4-dial, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-octenoic acid, 2,4-decadienoic acid and benzene were identified.

The Synthesis and Reactions of Yomogi Alcohol. Conversion of the artemisyl skeleton to the santolinyl skeleton by a 1,2-shift of a vinyl group. Synthesis of santolinatriene†

Abstract: The synthesis of yomogi alcohol (2, 5, 5-trimethylhepta-3,6-dien-2-ol, 2) is described, and experiments directed towards its allylic rearrangement to artemisia alcohol detervatives have been carried out. Acidic reagents open the ring of yomogi alcohol epoxide (16) at with participation of the 6,7-double-bond, a shift of the vinyl group results to yield a compound with the santolinyl skeleton. The same reagents are without effect when this double bond reduced. Action of butyllithium of the benzaldehyde acetal (41) of 2, 5-dimethyl-4-vinyl-2, dihydroxy-hex-5-ene (28), obtained by acid-catalyzed ring opening of yomogi alcohol epoxide in the presence of benzaldehyde, leads to santolinatriene (42). This vinyl shift is not observed in the case of O-acetyl yomogi alcohol epoxide (46), from white a compound believed to be an oxetan 48 (R COCH3) is formed with concomitent shift of the acetate group. Further unusual reactions of the oxetan are described, and some observation about the epoxidation of sterically hindered allyl alcohols and their acetates are made.

Complexes with ligands containing the carbonyl group. Part III: Metal (II) acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and benzaldehyde solvates

Abstract: Twenty-two new coordination compounds are reported with acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and benzaldehyde as the ligands, viz. M(CH3CHO)6(In-Cl4)2, M(CH3CHO)6(FeCl4)2, M(C2H5CHO)6(InCl4)2 and M(C6H5CHO)6(In-Cl4)2 with M is Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and (except for acetaldehyde) Zn. In the complexes the carbonyl stretching vibration is shifted to lower frequencies compared with this vibration in the free ligands. The magnitudes of the shifts are dependent on the metal ions. Frequency-shifts of other ligand vibrations are also observed. When the shifts are dependent on the metal ions the magnitudes of the shifts follow the Irving-Williams sequence. For the acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde solvates a metal-dependent absorption band appears in the far infrared, which is attributed to the metal-ligand stretching vibration. This band was not observed in the benzaldehyde solvates. Investigation of ligand field spectra indicated the presence of octahedral species M(O)62+ in the solid compounds. Values for Dq and B for the Co(II) and Ni(II) compounds are reported. A possible relationship between the groups attached to the CO group and the values obtained for the spectrochemical parameter Dq is described.

The Stereochemistry of Nucleophilic Addition. II. The Reformatsky Reaction of Methyl (+)-α-Bromopropionate, 2-Phenylpropanal, and 3-Phenyl-2-butanone

Abstract: The Reformatsky reaction of methyl (+)-α-bromopropionate with benzaldehyde was carried out in order to study the reaction mechanism, and two epimeric methyl 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-phenylpropionates (IIa and IIb) were obtained in a 59 : 41 ratio. From a comparison of the optical activity of IIb with that of pure (−)-IIb, it was estimated that lib consists only seven percent of an optically-active compound; this results supports the hypothesis of the enolate anion mechanism. Subsequently, the stereochemistry of this reaction with 2-phenyl-propanal (IV) and 3-phenyl-2-butanone (VIII) was studied. The condensation of IV with methyl bromo-acetate gave a mixture of the epimeric methyl 3-hydroxy-4-phenylvalerates (Va and Vb), which were separated in a 26 : 74 ratio by means of column chromatography on silica gel. Similarly, VIII was also condensed with methyl bromoacetate to give the epimeric methyl 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-phenylvalerates (IXa and IXb) in a 31 : 69 ratio. The configurations of these esters were assig...

The reactions with aldehydes of enaminones derived from dimedone

Abstract: The primary and a secondary enaminone derived from dimedone react with formaldehyde to give the expected methylenebisenaminone derivatives (V). Depending upon the conditions, further reactions can take place to give 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexahydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethylacridine-1(2H),8(7H)-diones (VI) or 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydro-4′,4′,7,7-tetramethylquinoline-3-spirocyclohexane-2′,5(6H),6′-triones (VII). The corresponding reaction with benzaldehyde gives only the decahydroacridinedione (VId); that with acetaldehyde gives either the decahydro-acridinedione (VIc) or 1,2,7,8-tetrahydro-2,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-5(6H)-one (XI).

Substituted Benzopyranopyridine and Pyrimidine Ring Syntheses by the Ternary Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate, Salicylaldehyde, and Certain Aldehydes in the Presence of Ammonium Acetate

Abstract: Various 1-substituted benzopyranopyridines were readily prepared by the condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate and salicylaldehyde (or 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde) with aliphatic aldehydes (propion, n-butyl, n- and isovaleraldehyde) in the presence of ammonium acetate. On the other hand, condensation with aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and o-, m-, or p-substituted benzaldehydes gave 2-aryl-benzopyranopyrimidines.

Phenolic cyclisation. Part X. Isoquinoline cyclisation under basic conditions

Abstract: The treatment of 3-hydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine (5) with benzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, phenylpropionaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and cyclopentanone in ethanol afforded the corresponding 1-aryl- and 1-spirocyloalkano-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-methylisoquinolines(7), (8), (9), (11), and (12), respectively. Furthermore, the above isoquinoline cyclisation was found to occur in basic media such as pyridine and triethylamine.

[229] Amine oxidase (pig plasma)☆

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods of preparation of amine oxidase (Pig Plasma) The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorption at 250 mμ that occurs when benzaldehyde is formed from the oxidation of benzylamine A unit of activity is defined as that amount of enzyme required to form 1 micromole of benzaldehyde per minute The micromoles of benzaldehyde formed are obtained by dividing the increase in the optical density by 113 (113 is the difference between the optical density at 250 mμ of 1 micromole of benzaldehyde and 1 micromole of benzylamine per ml at pH 74) The purification procedure is followed using this spectrophotometric method at 37° Alternatives for the measurement of the activity are the manometric method, or the spectrofluorometric method with tryptamine as substrate The enzyme is inhibited by copper chelating agents and carbonyl reagents It has to be borne in mind that the rate of oxidation of histamine by pig plasma is pH-dependent

Synthesis and Properties of Two α-Phenylazostilbenes. A New Method for the Elimination of Water and p -Toluensulphonate Ion from Substituted Phenylhydrazones

Abstract: The synthesis of a linear azoalkene, α-phenylazostilbene (1), not conjugated to strong electron withdrawing groups is reported. α-(p-Methoxyphenylazo)stilbene (3) was prepared by a direct method. The mass spectra of 1 and 3 showed a rearrangement yielding positive ions of benzonitrile and benzaldehyde anils (7).

Process for the preparation of alkylphenols

Abstract: Phenols nuclear substituted by 1 to 3 straight chain or branched chain alkyl substituents of 1 to 10 carbons are prepared by oxidising the aldehyde group of the corresponding alkyl substituted benzaldehyde with an organic peracid, which is derived from a carboxylic acid of pKa in water of at least 4, in the presence of a carboxylic acid of pKa in water less than 4 The formate ester of the phenol, which may be in the reaction product, is hydrolysed or transesterified to form the phenol

Reaction in the system trialkyl phosphite-carboxamide or secondary amine

Abstract: A study was made of reaction in the system: triethyl phosphite-amide (amine)-paraform(benzaldehyde). The reaction leads to the formation of the corresponding esters of aminomethyl(alkyl)phosphonic acids.

The oxidative conversion of toluene to benzene

Abstract: An oxidative reaction is described by which toluene is converted into benzene. The reaction is catalyzed by bismuth uranate. Selectivities up to 70% are obtained if toluene vapour reacts with the catalyst without gaseous oxygen being present; the catalyst becomes partially reduced, but can easily be reoxidized afterwards with air. Biphenyl and benzaldehyde have been identified as by-products.

Molecular polarisability. The dipole moments and molar Kerr constants of benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 1,4-diformylbenzene, and 1,4-diacetylbenzene

Abstract: Dipole moments and molar Kerr constants (×1012) at 25 °C are recorded for the following as solutes in carbon tetrachloride: benzaldehyde (2·98 D, +504), acetophenone (+330), and 1,4-diformylbenzene (2·25 D, +57·6). These results, together with published data for 1,4-diacetylbenzene, yield information on the preferred conformations of 1,4-diformyl- and 1,4-diacetyl-benzene.

Partial Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde over Molybdenum-Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst

Abstract: MoO3-P205 (P/Mo=O.2) 触媒を用いて, トルエンの接触酸化反応を流通法で行ない, ベンズアルデヒド生成におよぼす反応条件の影響を検討した。MoO3-P205 触媒は, ベンズアルデヒド生成にきわめて良好な選択性を示し, ベンズアルデヒド, ベンズアルデヒド十安息香酸の生成量はそれぞれ 44.67% に達し, 選択率は 60.75% と高く, 無水マレイン酸, CO, CO2 の生成は少ない。ベンズアルデヒド生成には 550℃ 付近が最適であり, 600℃ 以上では, 高反応率において生成ベンズアルデヒドの分解が助長される。ガス流速を低くすると, ベンズアルデヒドが減少し, 安息香酸がふえるが, 両者の和にはあまり変化はない。トルエン, 酸素濃度を変えても反応の選択性は変わらない。

Photoreduction of aromatic carbonyl compounds by tetra-n-butyltin and tri-n-butyltin hydride

Abstract: By a comparison of the bimolecular rate constants for the abstraction of hydrogen by triplet-state benzophenone from tetra-n-butyltin and tri-n-butyltin hydride, it has been established that the high reactivity of the hydride is due to the weak tin–hydrogen bond. A number of other carbonyl compounds, including αβ-unsaturated ketones are photoreduced to alcohols by the hydride. The tetra-substituted 1,2-glycols formed from certain ketones (e.g. 2-acetylnaphthalene) were found to undergo photoinduced cleavage to give α-hydroxyarylmethyl radicals which abstracted hydrogen from the hydride to give secondary alcohols. The photoreaction of benzaldehyde with the hydride gave polymeric material instead of benzyl alcohol.

Carbonyl ylides as possible intermediates in reactions of a mercurial dichlorocarbene precursor with benzaldehyde

Abstract: The intermediacy of a carbonyl ylide is used to explain why treatment of benzaldehyde with phenyl(bromodichloromethyl)mercury produced phenylmercuric bromide, carbon monoxide, benzal halide, and methyl 2,4-diphenyl-3,5-dioxahexanoate as major products.

Carboxy-group participation in acetal hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of benzaldehyde disalicyl acetal

Abstract: The pH–rate contstant profile for hydrolysis of benzaldehyde disalicyl acetal in either 50% dioxan–H2O (v/v) or in H2O at 25° is bell-shaped and reveals a maximum enhancement of kobs in comparison with the dimethyl ester of 2·7 × 109.