Showing papers on "Butterworth filter published in 2019"

Ultra-Compact Tuneable Notch Filter Using Silicon Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

Abstract: A novel ultra-compact photonic tuneable notch filter with large bandwidth, high extinction ratio, fast response, and flat stopband is modeled and designed. It consists of a silicon-based ring resonator with one-dimensional photonic crystal superimposed onto a ring portion. Engineering the defects into the photonic crystal section allows to achieve the equalization of the bottom band of the filter response. Large bandwidth ( B = 10.43 GHz) and high extinction ratio (ER = 41 dB) have been attained with a frequency response of the first-order Butterworth filter type. Continuous and wide range tunability of the central frequency (15 GHz) has been obtained by using the carrier injection technique, together with fast reconfigurability (a1 ns) and power consumption of 47 mW. The device footprint is as very small as about 150 μm2. This performance makes the proposed device suitable for several filtering applications, such as wireless networks (5G) and telecommunication reconfigurable payloads in Telecom and Space scenario, respectively.

An Adaptive Outlier Detection and Processing Approach Towards Time Series Sensor Data

Abstract: The intelligent environment monitoring network, as the foundation of ecosystem research, has rapidly developed with the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT). IoT-networked sensors deployed to monitor ecosystems generate copious sensor data characterized by nonstationarity and nonlinearity such that outlier detection remains a source of concern. Most outlier detection models involve hypothesis tests based on setting outlier threshold values. However, signal decomposition describes stationary and nonstationary relationships sensor data. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-level hybrid model based on the median filter (MF), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), classification and regression tree (CART), autoregression (AR) and exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) methods called MF-EMD-CART-AR-EWMA to detect outliers in sensor data. The first-level performance is compared to that of the Butterworth filter, FIR filter, moving average filter, wavelet filter and Wiener filter. The second-level prediction performance is compared to support vector regression (SVR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), CART, complementary ensemble EEMD with CART and AR (EEMD-CART-AR) and ensemble CEEMD with CART and AR (CEEMD-CART-AR) methods. Finally, EWMA is compared to Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM) and Shewhart control charts. The proposed hybrid model was evaluated with a real dataset from the hydrometeorological observation network in the Heihe River Basin, yielding experimental results with better generalization ability and higher accuracy than the compared models, and providing extremely effective detection of minor outliers in predicted values. This paper provides valuable insight and a promising reference for outlier detection involving sensor data and presents a new perspective for detecting outliers.

Optimal fractional-order highpass Butterworth magnitude characteristics realization using current-mode filter

Abstract: In this paper, six optimal fractional-order transfer functions (FOTF) to approximate the magnitude characteristics of a fractional-order highpass Butterworth filter (FHBF) are presented. A novel cost function is proposed which specifically considers the characteristics of an ideal (1 + α), where 0

Revisiting the use of squared magnitude function for the optimal approximation of (1 + α)-order Butterworth filter

Abstract: Optimal rational approximation of the fractional-order Butterworth filter (FBF) based on a two-step design procedure is proposed Firstly, the coefficients of the squared magnitude function of an approximant which matches the squared magnitude response of the ideal (1 + α)-order FBF, where 0 α 1 , are determined using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) Then, the stable model is used as an initial point for Powell’s conjugate direction algorithm (PCDA) The computational efficiency and the robustness of the suggested strategy are justified using illustrative examples The proposed designs show a marked improvement in solution quality compared to the state-of-the-art PSPICE responses for the FBFs realized using current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOA) confirm a close match with the theoretical characteristic Python code for implementing the proposed designs using the Powell’s method is also provided

Widely tunable low-pass g m − C filter for biomedical applications

Abstract: This study presents a fourth-order, low-pass Butterworth transconductor–capacitor filter with tunable bandwidth for biomedical signal processing front-ends. An architecture has been proposed for realising very low transconductance values with tunability. This transconductor architecture makes it possible to realise a fully differential filter without the need for explicit common-mode feedback circuit. The filter has two tuning schemes, a resistor-based tuning ( R -tuning) and a switched transconductor-based tuning ( D -tuning). With R -tuning, the bandwidth is adjustable between 1 and 70 Hz and with D -tuning, the tuning range is 30 mHz–100 Hz. The filter has been designed in united microelectronics corporation (UMC) 0.18 µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process. In terms of figure-of-merit, the proposed filter is found to be on par with the filters reported in the literature.

Position sensorless control for doubly salient electro-magnetic motor based on the terminal voltage

Abstract: A sensorless control method based on the terminal voltage for doubly salient electro-magnetic motor (DSEM) is researched here. The negative-going zero-crossing point (NGZCP) of the fundamental component of terminal voltage is detected to obtain the rotor position. Firstly, a fourth Butterworth filter is introduced to extract the fundamental component of the terminal voltage. The ratio of signal frequency to cut-off frequency f/f c is optimised to acquire good filtering effect and good dynamic performance. Moreover, on this basis, the speed range is divided into several intervals to match the filters with different cut-off frequencies. Secondly, the coordinate transformation is adopted to compensate for the phase difference between the NGZCPs of the extracted voltages with the ideal commutation points. The transformation angle is obtained by offline simulation and test. An 18 kW DSEM prototype is tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

Analytical synthesis of elliptic voltage‐mode even/odd‐ n th‐order filter structures using DDCCs, FDCCIIs, and grounded capacitors and resistors

Abstract: Despite the recent publication of the analytical synthesis of voltage-mode even/odd- n th-order differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) and fully differential current conveyor II (FDCCII)-grounded resistor and capacitor universal Butterworth/Chebyshev filter structures, an elliptic voltage-mode even/odd- n th-order DDCC and FDCCII-based filter structure is yet to be presented in the literature. Under the restriction of a finite order, the elliptic filter is better at meeting the stringent cut-off rate of a very narrow transition band as compared to other kinds of filters, thus making the synthesis of such an elliptic filter to be extremely useful. In this study, one even- n th-order and two odd- n th-order elliptic filter structures are analytically synthesised using DDCCs and FDCCIIs. The feasibility of such structures is validated through H-spice simulations on the proposed elliptic third-order low-pass and elliptic fourth-order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-reject filters.

Non-Stationary Stabilized Fast Transversal RLS Filter for Online Power System Modal Estimation

Abstract: Online monitoring of inter-area oscillations is a vital need for secure operation of large-scale power systems. This paper aims at online estimation of inter-area modes by a novel stabilized fast transversal recursive least squares (SFTRLS) filter running on ambient power system data received from phasor measurement units. The SFTRLS filter is a fast finite-impulse response adaptive filter that is widely used in communication applications, such as noise and echo cancelation. It has the lowest computational complexity among least-squares filters and directly calculates coefficients of the parametric model selected for identifying a system under study. In the proposed method, the SFTRLS filter along with digital band-pass Butterworth filter and down-sampling blocks are implemented in online manner for identification of an autoregressive model that describes the measured power system ambient signal. Applicability and accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated using real measurement data of western systems coordinating council (WSCC) breakup on August 10, 1996, as well as simulated ambient data of the IEEE 16-machine, 5-area test system excited by white noise random load modulations. Its performance is investigated under different conditions of load modulations, measurement noises, sudden change in damping ratio, and occurrence of three-phase faults. The simulation results verify efficient and robust performance of the proposed method for modal estimation of real large-scale power systems.

Frequency and time domain comparison of selective polynomial filters with corrected phase characteristics

Abstract: Two solutions to the polynomial filter’s transfer function synthesis problem are considered for comparison in the frequency and time domain: the broad class of filters with a critical monot...

Quantum functionalities via feedback amplification.

Abstract: Feedback amplification is a key technique for synthesizing various important functionalities, especially in electronic circuits involving op-amps. This paper presents a quantum version of this methodology, where the general phase-preserving quantum amplifier and coherent (i.e., measurement-free) feedback are employed to construct various type of systems having useful functionalities: quantum versions of differentiator, integrator, self-oscillator, and active filters. The class of active filters includes the Butterworth filter, which can be used to enhance the capacity of an optical quantum communication channel, and the non-reciprocal amplifier, which enables measurement of a superconducting qubits system as well as protection of it by separating input from output fields. A particularly detailed investigation is performed on the active phase-cancelling filter for realizing a broadband gravitational-wave detector; that is, the feedback amplification method is used to construct an active filter that compensates the phase delay of the signal and eventually recovers the sensitivity in the high frequency regime.

Ant Colony Optimization for Optimal Low-Pass Filter Sizing

Abstract: In analog filter design, discrete components values such as resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are selected from the series following constant values chosen. Exhaustive search on all possible combinations for an optimized design is not feasible. In this chapter, we present an application of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique for optimal filter design considering different manufacturing series for both the resistors and capacitors. Three variants of the Ant Colony Optimization are applied, namely, the AS (Ant System), the MMAS (Min-Max AS) and the ACS (Ant Colony System), for the optimal sizing of the Low-Pass Butterworth filter. Different optimal designs of the filter are provided depending on the preference between two conflicting factors, namely the cutoff frequency and selectivity factor. SPICE simulations are used to validate the obtained results/performances. A comparison with published works is also highlighted.

Lowpass Network Synthesis Using “Feldtkeller Correction Approach”

Abstract: In this paper, a new method named “Feldtkeller correction approach”(FCA) is proposed to correct impedance function (Z'n) during the circuit network synthesis process. With this method, the remaining Z'n is corrected after each element is extracted from Z'n, making it possible to ensure a successful synthesis. It is illustrated that a lossless low-pass network can be represented by certain polynomials constrained by Feldtkeller equation and a successful circuit synthesis can be continuous by updating the polynomial coefficients. Few examples are given to validate the proposed correction approach when it comes to the synthesis of the highest order impedance function. First, a 30th order Butterworth filter is implemented using FCA with a relative error of 1.0464 x 10 -7 . Then, S-parameter simulation based on the synthesis elements is performed and proved to be entirely consistent with theoretical values. To demonstrate the robustness of this method, several randomly generated impedance functions are tested and the average relative error of 100 generated 35th-order impedance functions is calculated to be 3.7567 × 10 -5 . Third, a 1-3 GHz transformer impedance function acquired by real frequency technique is successfully synthesized via FCA. Finally, an ultra-wideband power amplifier is also designed with the aid of FCA. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used to successfully synthesize the impedance function lower than 36th order.

Bandwidth Tuning of Resonator Filter Using Reduced Number of Tunable Coupling Structures

Abstract: This paper presents a new bandwidth tuning theory for Butterworth-response resonator filters. The presented theory shows that the bandwidth of odd-order Butterworth filters can be varied by adjusting only two interresonator coupling structures while maintaining a perfect impedance matching at the center frequency. In other words, this paper presents an analytic approach to reduce the number of tunable coupling structures when designing a bandwidth-tunable resonator filter. Theories for third- and fifth-order direct-coupled filters are discussed in detail, and it is shown that only two interresonator coupling structures are required to be tunable. In addition, for verifying the new bandwidth tuning method, a fifth-order cylindrical cavity filter has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The fabricated filter has an 11:1 bandwidth tuning range.

1.8 V, 25.9 nW, 91.86 dB dynamic range second‐order lowpass filter tunable in the range 4–100 Hz

Abstract: A second-order lowpass Butterworth filter with tunable bandwidth capable of offering a dynamic range of 91.86 dB operating on a supply voltage of 1.8 V is presented. The proposed filter is based on a sub-threshold source follower. The transistor bias currents are switched to enable the bandwidth tuning in the range 4–100 Hz. A proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) current reference circuit helps to keep the bandwidth intact across process, voltage and temperature variations. The filter, designed in 0.18 µm standard CMOS process, consumes 25.9 nW making it a potential candidate for portable biomedical applications.

Designand Comparison Between IIR Butterwoth and Chebyshev Digital Filters Using Matlab

Abstract: Digital filters are one of the most fundamental and cardinal components in the area of digital signal processing. They eliminate either partially or completely the noise or other undesirable components present in the signal. In this paper we have designed and studied the IIR filters using Butterworth and Chebyshev algorithms, and compared them with each other for further analysis. The requisite parameters for designing IIR filters are pass band frequency, sampling frequency, pass band ripples and stop band ripples. We have used MATLAB Simulink and filter design and analysis (FDA) tool which gives accurate pole zero plot to verify the stability of system (filter).

Fault detection method for defects of disc type insulator

Abstract: The invention discloses a fault detection method for defects of a disc type insulator. A fault detection system for defects of the disc type insulator is built; a detection transducer is distributed on the disc type insulator; detection processing is carried out every time by using the detection transducer as an excitation source, and detection signals are collected by using the detection transducer as a receiving terminal, so that original acquisition data matrices which possibly exist in defective areas are acquired; in the case of no defects, the original acquisition data matrices in various areas are subjected to Butterworth filter, wavelet video analysis and noise reduction by using matching pursuit algorithm so as to acquire standard sampling data; in the case of defects, the original acquisition data matrices which possibly exist in the defective areas are subjected to Butterworth filter and noise reduction processing to acquire real-time detection data; and through comparison between the real-time detection data and the standard sampling data, existence of the defects and the relative sizes of the defects are judged. According to the disclosed by the invention, the more effective and scientific fault detection of the defects of the disc type insulator is realized.

A PVT-Robust Analog Baseband With DC Offset Cancellation for FMCW Automotive Radar

Abstract: This paper presents a process-voltage-temperature (PVT)-robust analog baseband with DC offset cancellation (DCOC) for automotive radar applications. The baseband is composed of three stages of programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and an embedded fifth-order Butterworth filter. A novel embedded Gm-cell based DCOC feedback loop is proposed to achieve fine DC offset rejection and a low high-pass the cut-off frequency with an economic chip area. The proposed embedded Gm-cell based DCOC feedback topology is capable of improving gain error and loop stability simultaneously. Besides, a constant overdrive biasing technique is proposed to strengthen PVT robustness. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS technology, the measured results show that the analog baseband can provide a programmable gain range from 18.2 to 70.6 dB with 5.8 dB per step with a gain error of <;0.2 dB, while the 1-dB bandwidth range is from 200 kHz to 10 MHz. An OIP3 of 7.8 dBm and an input referred noise (IRN) of 15.8 nV/√Hz are obtained. The gain deviation is lower than 2.2 dB across all PVT corners. The core circuit consumes a dc power of 6 mW from a 1.2-V supply and occupies a chip area of 0.1 mm 2 .

Channel State Information-based Device-Free stationary Human Detection with estimating respiratory frequency

Abstract: In recent years, device-free passive detection becomes important and popular increasingly in a wide range of application. The physical layer information of the Wi-Fi signal can be easily measured, Channel State Information (CSI) is applied widely in many applications. And compared to Received Signal Strength (RSS), this fine-grained information can offer frequency diversity information. So we propose a system to detect static human through estimating the breathing frequency by exploring phase information of CSI. We get more robust data by fusing subcarriers and filter out environmental noise by adopting Butterworth filter and using hampel filter before and during wavelet denoising. For estimating the frequency, we introduce Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), Estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC). The results show that detecting accuracy can achieve higher than 95% and averaged evaluating accuracy can reach 89.8% with the novel system.

Suppression of Motion Artifacts in Multichannel Mechanomyography Using Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition

Abstract: The measurements of mechanomyography (MMG) are commonly contaminated by motion artifacts due to limb movement, and artifacts are unavoidable when an acceleration (ACC) sensor is used in dynamic conditions. Conventionally, the Fourier-based approach is used to eliminate the artifacts from the single-channel MMG signal by applying a Butterworth bandpass filter. A noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) approach is proposed for the suppression of motion artifacts in multichannel MMG signals. The sample autocorrelation and the energy of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) were analyzed to identify the noise-IMF and artifact-IMF, respectively. We describe the proposed method and compare its performance with that of other conventional approaches (Butterworth filter, wavelet denoising) for the multichannel MMG signals recorded from both isometric and dynamic muscle contractions. The experimental results reveal the superiority of the proposed approach due to a lower level of distortion introduced in the MMG data after the suppression of motion artifacts. In addition, MEMD provides a novel basis for MMG signal feature extraction as well as frequency and crosstalk investigations.

Design of Dual-Polarized Dual-Band Unit-Cell for Wideband FSS in Ku Band

Abstract: This paper proposes a dual-polarized frequency selective surface (FSS), designed in Ku and K bands which can be used as passband multilayer spatial filter. This design consists of double-sided unit-cells comprising a cross-dipole and a stubbed square loop, arranged in a square lattice. The three-layer broadband (35% to 45%) dual-polarized FSS is realized using this unit-cell with low transmission coefficient (better than -0.2 dB) and excellent ripple-free bandpass which corresponds to Butterworth filter response. Full-wave analysis demonstrated a dual-polarized, dual-band capability with an independent stable frequency response control in the aforementioned band in x- and y-polarizations, making it a good candidate for broadband dual-polarized microwave and optic applications.

Low-Noise and Low-Sensitivity Coupled Fourth-Order Low-Pass Filters

Abstract: The output thermal noise and sensitivity of the low-pass fourth-order Butterworth filter are reduced by the effect of coupling. The structure as two coupled second-order biquads is compared to the two cascaded second-order biquads structure, where both realize the same lowpass transfer function. The manufacturing technology used to realize the coupled circuit is the same as that of the cascaded, non-coupled circuit. Physical circuits are designed as active-RC filters using multiple-amplifier biquads. The optimization by equating maximum voltage levels at the opamp outputs is presented. First, Pspice simulation investigates an optimum design of the coupled circuit with regard to minimum sensitivity and compares it to the cascaded realization. The sensitivity analysis is performed using Monte Carlo runs. Second, the measurements of the two circuits are performed on the PCB realizations in SMD technology using HP 4195A Network Analyzer in the laboratory setup. The measurement results proof the stability of the coupled filters, although they are using positive feedback. Output thermal noise of the two filter structures is then compared. Substantially reduced values of the output thermal noise is measured for the coupled case.

Topology and Rigorous Design Method for Reflectionless Bandstop Filter

Abstract: A new filter topology for a second-order absorptive bandstop filter with Butterworth response is presented in this paper. Closed-form design equations for having a Butterworth transmission response and no reflection at all frequencies are also provided. Hence, an absorptive bandstop filter can be designed such that its transmission response is identical to the one of a conventional reflective filter. For verifying the presented filter topology and design formulas, an absorptive bandstop filter with 10% fractional bandwidth centered at 190 MHz has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement shows that the fabricated filter has the return loss larger than 15 dB in the stopband and the Butterworth response in the power transmission.

Transfer Functions of Fractional-Order Band-Pass Filter with Arbitrary Magnitude Slope in Stopband

Abstract: Four band-pass (BP) filter transfer functions of the fractional order 1<(1+$\alpha$)<2 are presented. Their coefficients are found using numerical least squares optimization that aims at minimizing the magnitude errors between these transfer functions and the specimen functions that correspond to $2^{nd_{-}}$ order Butterworth filter responses. The fractional-order (FO) BP transfer functions with the proposed coefficients and coefficients previously presented in the literature for Butterworth-like FO low-pass (LP) transfer functions are compared. This comparison highlights that using the coefficients determined for FO LP transfer functions in FO BP functions causes distorted characteristics in some cases. The FO BP functions with the proposed coefficients match the specimen functions very well reducing this distortion.

Group Delay Equalization of Polynomial Recursive Digital Filters in Maximal Flat Sense

Abstract: The paper presents the development of an algorithm to obtain stable allpass filter, which acts as a group delay equalizer, with the aim to equalize group delay of the polynomial IIR filter in a max...

Optimal designs of analogue and digital fractional order filters for signal processing applications

Abstract: Our initial research work was focussed on employing metaheuristic optimization techniques to design optimal digital signal processing (DSP) systems such as the full band, conventional infinite impulse response differentiators and integrators meeting the accurate magnitude responses with a smaller average group delay. Since, integer order systems are a tight subset of the fractional order (FO) systems the research has been extended towards the optimal design of FO differentiators and integrators in the discrete domain with improved frequency response performances. Specific emphasis was laid on the feasibility of the designed FO differentiators in controlling a double-integrator plant. Analogue Butterworth filter with fractional stepping in the transition band has also been realized using an optimal integer-order rational transfer function. In future, we intend to design and implement generalized fractional-order filters on FPGA/DSP kit and FPAAs.

Multiple Harmonic Suppression Method for Induction Motor Based on Hybrid Morphological Filters

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of torque ripple caused by current harmonic of induction motors (IMs) in electric vehicles (EVs) drive system, this paper presents a novel control method in the feedback channel based on morphological filters (MFs) to suppress the current harmonics. First, an analytical model of current harmonics is established, and the current harmonic composition to be filtered in the feedback channel of motor control systems is provided. Second, on the basis of filtering requirements on the feedback channel and the basic idea of mathematical morphology, a hybrid digital MF is designed. The MF is subsequently added on the current loop to suppress the current harmonic components. The shape, width and height of the structural elements of the filter are optimized by parameters comparison methods to improve the performance of the filter in harmonic suppression. Finally, compared with the method based on Butterworth Filter and without filters, simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for suppressing harmonics.

Utilization of an optimum low-pass filter during filtered back-projection in the reconstruction of single photon emission computed tomography images of small structures

Abstract: Introduction:Low-pass filters eliminate noise, and accordingly improve the quality of filtered back-projection (FBP) in the reconstruction of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. This study aimed at selection of an optimum low-pass filter for FBP reconstruction of SPECT images of small structures. Material and Methods:Spheres A, B, and C (16 mm, 12 mm, and 11 mm in diameter, respectively) attached to capillary stems were filled with technetium-99m solution (activity concentration 300 kBq/mL). They were then mounted inside a Jaszczak Phantom forming a V-shaped structure. The phantom was then filled with distilled water. Two-dimensional (2D) projections were acquired on 128 128 pixels using a Siemens E-Cam dual-head gamma camera. The Parzen, Shepp-Logan, Low Pass Cosine filters (cut-off frequencies: 0.2-0.9), and Butterworth filter (order: 1-9; cut-off frequencies: 0.3-0.9) were employed during FBP reconstruction. The line command of ImageJ software was used to draw the point spread functions of acquired 2D transaxial central slices and for the measurement of their full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). Results:The FWHM of 2D central image slices of spheres A, B, and C reconstructed using a Butterworth filter measured 20, 20, and 10 pixels, respectively. In comparison, the reconstructed images using the Parzen, Low Pass Cosine, and Shepp-Logan filters measured to 27, 25 and, 22 pixels for sphere A, 24, 22, 20 pixels for B, and 22, 20, 18 pixels for C, respectively. Conclusion: The low-pass filters successfully suppressed noise during the FBP reconstruction of SPECT images of small structures. Accordingly, the Butterworth is a suitable choice.

Selecting the Fastest Settling-Time Filter in PDM-based DACs used for Dynamic Calibration Applications

Abstract: PDM-based DACs are often used in dynamic calibration applications, largely on account of their low cost. An extremely important performance measure in calibration DACs is the settling time. In such DACs, Butterworth filter realizations are widely used because they provide maximum pass-band flatness. In this paper, a study is performed to select the filter type and order that yields the lowest possible settling time with an acceptable area and power efficient design. It will be shown that the use of a 3rd order Bessel or Gaussian filter provides a system that settles quicker than others employing Butterworth. A 3rd order Bessel filter is realized using the Sallen-Key topology with the TSMC 65nm CMOS process to design a 10-bit DAC, used as a design example. The proposed design provides around 25% lower settling time compared to other design architectures in the literature that use Butterworth filters with almost the same power consumption and area occupancy. Similar results are also obtained for 8, 9, 11 and 12-bits of DAC resolution.

Programmable Order Multiple Feedback Band-Pass Active-RC filter for FSK Transceiver

Abstract: An integrated programmable order multiple feedback (MFB) band-pass filter (BPF) implemented in 0.14 um CMOS technology is presented. The modular single ended filter has been used in an FSK transceiver, in both receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX). It is implemented by cascading different types of BP filters with different required bandwidth (BW) of RX and TX. A combination of Bessel and Butterworth filters to maximize stop-band rejection, optimize in-band flatness and minimize group delay variation is used. Each stage of the MFB filter draws 0.3mA of current from a 1.8V supply. A simple and efficient approach to trim center frequency which has minimum impact on area and parasitic components has been used. AC gain change of TX due to mismatches, parasitic and process and trimming has been compensated by a simple gain stage while it is budgeted in RX system SNR. The implemented 23.2MHz center frequency filters have been used in the FSK transceiver of a USB power delivery (PD) system, with a BW of 3.46MHz for RX filter and a BW of 1.3MHz for TX filter. The employed low current and small area architecture with its efficient trimming strategy meets the required performance of the FSK transceiver.