Showing papers on "Compensatory growth (organism) published in 2015"
TL;DR: It is suggested that growth-compensating brown trout juveniles are able to maintain their telomeres during their second year in the stream, although body size at the start of the experiment, reflecting growth rate during their first year of life, was negatively correlated with change in telomere length over the following year.
Abstract: After a period of food deprivation, animals often respond with a period of faster than normal growth. Such responses have been suggested to result in decreased chromosomal maintenance, which in turn may affect the future fitness of an individual. Here, we present a field experiment in which a food deprivation period of 24 days was enforced on fish from a natural population of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) at the start of the high-growth season in spring. The growth of the food-deprived fish and a non-deprived control group was then monitored in the wild during 1 year. Fin tissue samples were taken at the start of the experiment and 1 year after food deprivation to monitor the telomere dynamics, using reduced telomere length as an indicator of maintenance cost. The food-deprived fish showed partial compensatory growth in both mass and length relative to the control group. However, we found no treatment effects on telomere dynamics, suggesting that growth-compensating brown trout juveniles are able to maintain their telomeres during their second year in the stream. However, body size at the start of the experiment, reflecting growth rate during their first year of life, was negatively correlated with change in telomere length over the following year. This result raises the possibility that rapid growth early in life induces delayed costs in cellular maintenance.
40 citations
TL;DR: Global gene expression patterns of grass carp during compensatory growth were determined, a first reported for a teleost fish, and the results will enhance the understanding of the mechanism of compensatory Growth inteleost fish.
Abstract: Compensatory growth is accelerated compared with normal growth and occurs when growth-limiting conditions are overcome. Most animals, especially fish, are capable of compensatory growth, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Further investigation of the mechanism of compensatory growth in fish is needed to improve feeding efficiency, reduce cost, and explore growth-related genes. In the study, grass carp, an important farmed fish in China, were subjected to a compensatory growth experiment followed by transcriptome analysis by RNA-sequencing. Samples of fish from starved and re-feeding conditions were compared with the control. Under starved conditions, 4061 and 1988 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in muscle and liver tissue when compared the experimental group with control group, respectively. After re-feeding, 349 and 247 DEGs were identified in muscle and liver when the two groups were compared. Moreover, when samples from experimental group in starved and re-feeding conditions were compared, 4903 and 2444 DEGs were found in muscle and liver. Most of these DEGs were involved in metabolic processes, or encoded enzymes or proteins with catalytic activity or binding functions, or involved in metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. A number of the more significant DEGs were subjected to further analysis. Under fasting conditions, many up-regulated genes were associated with protein ubiquitination or degradation, whereas many down-regulated genes were involved in the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids. Under re-feeding conditions, genes participating in muscle synthesis and fatty acid metabolism were up-regulated significantly, and genes related to protein ubiquitination or degradation were down-regulated. Moreover, Several DEGs were random selected for confirmation by real-time quantitative PCR. Global gene expression patterns of grass carp during compensatory growth were determined. To our knowledge, this is a first reported for a teleost fish. The results will enhance our understanding of the mechanism of compensatory growth in teleost fish.
38 citations
TL;DR: If attainment of market size in minimum time is required, fish should be consistently fed to satiation, while taking care to avoid the possible negative consequences of overfeeding.
Abstract: We investigated the growth and body composition of Nile tilapia under five different feeding regimes. A control group was fed to satiation twice daily for 185 days; four treatment groups were fed at intervals of 2, 3, 4 or 7 days (dietary ‘restricted’ period, days 0–80) and then fed to satiation (‘refeeding’ period, days 80–185). Compensatory growth in weight and length of the feed-restricted groups was observed during the refeeding period. However, the growth of none of the restricted groups caught up with that of the control group over the experimental period. Feed intake upon refeeding increased with the duration of deprivation. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the restricted and control groups during the refeeding stage, suggesting that hyperphagia was the mechanism responsible for the increased growth rates during this period. Tilapia preferentially used n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and nonessential amino acids during the restricted-feeding period. Higher production was achieved by higher feed consumption. We suggest that if attainment of market size in minimum time is required, fish should be consistently fed to satiation, while taking care to avoid the possible negative consequences of overfeeding.
29 citations
TL;DR: The highest temperature affected adversely growth, feed intake, food efficiency, and metabolism of crayfish, whereas the lowest temperature and feeding restriction induced a more efficient growth of the cray fish.
Abstract: Feeding restriction, as a trigger for compensatory growth, might be considered an alternative viable strategy for minimizing waste as well as production costs. The study assessed whether juvenile redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (initial weight 0.99 ± 0.03 g) was able to compensate for feeding restriction at different temperatures (23 ± 1, 27 ± 1 and 31 ± 1 ° C). Hyperphagia, food utilization efficiency, energetic reserves, and hepatopancreas structure were analyzed. Three temperatures and two feeding regimes (DF-daily fed throughout the experiment and CF- 4 days food deprivation followed by 4 days of feeding, intermittently) were tested. The restriction period was from day 1 to 45, and the recovery period was from day 45 to 90. The previously restricted crayfish held at 23, 27, and 31 ± 1 ° C displayed complete body weight catch-up through compensatory growth following the restriction period with depressed growth. The mechanisms that might explain this response were higher feed intake (hyperphagia), and increased food utilization efficiency. Hepatopancreatic lipids were used as a metabolic fuel and hepatosomatic index was reduced in the previously restricted crayfish, but recovery at the same level of unrestricted crayfish occurred after the shift to daily feeding. The highest temperature affected adversely growth, feed intake, food efficiency, and metabolism of crayfish, whereas the lowest temperature and feeding restriction induced a more efficient growth of the crayfish.
23 citations
TL;DR: Evidence is found that ectoparasites are developmental stressors that affect growth-immunity trade-offs, but their effects do not appear to be mediated by changes in circulating levels of corticosterone.
Abstract: How resources are distributed to growth and self-maintenance early in life is likely to impact survival and reproduction. Early resource allocation decisions may be particularly critical in altricial birds, as they have rapid developmental trajectories, and may be highly susceptible to environmental factors that can perturb development. The aim of this study was to determine if blood-feeding ectoparasites act as developmental stressors in European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nestlings, driving a trade-off between growth and immunity. We hypothesized that because ectoparasites compete for resources they would induce growth-immunity trade-offs in parasitized nestlings. We also tested the hypothesis that changes in plasma corticosterone mediate the effects of ectoparasites on growth and immunity. Throughout development we assessed between-nest variation in ectoparasite density, measured growth, and a variety of blood parameters, including plasma corticosterone. We also assessed immune function across development. We found that nestlings from nests with high levels of ectoparasites were smaller, had elevated blood glucose, lower hematocrit levels, and appeared to engage in compensatory growth prior to fledging. They also had elevated innate immune responses early, but reduced responses later relative to nestlings from nests with low levels of ectoparasites. Plasma corticosterone was not affected by ectoparasite load, but did increase with nestling age. Overall, we find evidence that ectoparasites are developmental stressors that affect growth-immunity trade-offs, but their effects do not appear to be mediated by changes in circulating levels of corticosterone.
22 citations
TL;DR: The results evidenced that starved larvae progressively decrease in growth, lipid content, affected their gastrointestinal tract and muscle development and increased cortisol and heat shock protein 70 levels, while starved and re-fed larvae showed, after the restoration of a favourable feeding condition, a compensatory growth.
Abstract: In the view of an urgent necessity to improve the quantity and the quality of farmed fish species, there is a strong need to improve our basic knowledge on the effects of first feeding during the developmental stages of fish larvae. High mortality, mainly due to food deprivation or inappropriate food quality, has been observed in many larval fish species, but knowledge about the morphological, biochemical and molecular processes related to this topic is still poorly understood. The understanding of the early larval ontogeny as well as the larval nutritional requirements and the molecular and cellular mechanisms elicited by fish larvae during food deprivation and starvation are thus of primary importance. At this regard, this study investigates, in Dover sole larvae, the effects of starvation and starving/re-feeding procedures at a morphological, histological, biochemical and molecular level. The results evidenced that starved larvae progressively decrease in growth, lipid content, affected their gastrointestinal tract and muscle development and increased cortisol and heat shock protein 70 levels. On the contrary, starved and re-fed larvae showed, after the restoration of a favourable feeding condition, a compensatory growth. In conclusion, this is the first study analysing through a multidisciplinary approach the effects of food deprivation on the development of an important economic species, the Dover sole.
22 citations
TL;DR: The egg size of insects can vary depending on maternal body size or resource status, and it may influence offspring body size by determining initial resource level.
Abstract: 1. The egg size of insects can vary depending on maternal body size or resource status, and it may influence offspring body size by determining initial resource level.
2. The giant rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus exhibits considerable variation in body size, some of which is attributed to the variation in larval food (humus) quality, although a substantial amount of variation in body size remains unexplained. In the present study, changes in the egg size and offspring body size in response to several maternal variables were examined (i.e. body size, age, and, nutritional status).
3. Nutritional intake of the females during the adult stage did not affect the egg size. Larvae hatched from small eggs partially recovered from the initial disadvantage during their ontogenetic processes by increasing growth rate (i.e. compensatory growth); however, there was still a positive relationship between egg size and pupal body size.
4. Older females produced small eggs, but because of compensatory growth, the pupae were no longer small. By contrast, due to a lack of compensatory growth, small females produced small eggs as well as small pupae.
5. These results suggest that maternal body size affects offspring body size through effects on egg size. This transgenerational effect may account for some of the variation in adult body size of T. dichotomus.
21 citations
TL;DR: If fasting does not exceed 2 days, subsequent growth performance and muscle development are not affected, and this short fasting regime can serve as an emergency feeding strategy to produce juveniles of this important South American fish species.
19 citations
TL;DR: The mechanism of recovery growth supports the hypothesis of horn size as a weakly selected sexual trait in male and female chamois and may suggest the occurrence of some plasticity in resource allocation to sexual traits in relation to different environments.
18 citations
TL;DR: Both genetic and maternal effects were identified to be important modulators of CG responses and provide an evidence for adaptive differentiation in recovery growth potential.
Abstract: Compensatory growth (CG) may be an adaptive mechanism that helps to restore an organisms’ growth trajectory and adult size from deviations caused by early life resource limitation. Yet, few studies have investigated the genetic basis of CG potential and existence of genetically based population differentiation in CG potential. We studied population differentiation, genetic basis, and costs of CG potential in nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) differing in their normal growth patterns. As selection favors large body size in pond and small body size in marine populations, we expected CG to occur in the pond but not in the marine population. By manipulating feeding conditions (viz. high, low and recovery feeding treatments), we found clear evidence for CG in the pond but not in the marine population, as well as evidence for catch-up growth (i.e., size compensation without growth acceleration) in both populations. In the marine population, overcompensation occurred individuals from the recovery treatment grew eventually larger than those from the high feeding treatment. In both populations, the recovery feeding treatment reduced maturation probability. The recovery feeding treatment also reduced survival probability in the marine but not in the pond population. Analysis of interpopulation hybrids further suggested that both genetic and maternal effects contributed to the population differences in CG. Hence, apart from demonstrating intrinsic costs for recovery growth, both genetic and maternal effects were identified to be important modulators of CG responses. The results provide an evidence for adaptive differentiation in recovery growth potential.
16 citations
TL;DR: This data indicates that when faced with limited developmental resources, birds may alter the developmental trajectory of physiological systems as a compensatory strategy, which may have long-term consequences on endocrine regulation that could affect courtship and reproductive behaviors.
TL;DR: This study provides the first experimental evidence that prey may balance developmental costs accruing from anti-predator behaviour by compensatory growth, in the plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.
Abstract: Compensatory or catch-up growth following growth impairment caused by transient environmental stress, due to adverse abiotic factors or food, is widespread in animals. Such growth strategies commonly balance retarded development and reduced growth. They depend on the type of stressor but are unknown for predation risk, a prime selective force shaping life history. Anti-predator behaviours by immature prey typically come at the cost of reduced growth rates with potential negative consequences on age and size at maturity. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that transient intraguild predation (IGP) risk induces compensatory or catch-up growth in the plant-inhabiting predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Immature P. persimilis were exposed in the larval stage to no, low or high IGP risk, and kept under benign conditions in the next developmental stage, the protonymph. High but not low IGP risk prolonged development of P. persimilis larvae, which was compensated in the protonymphal stage by increased foraging activity and accelerated development, resulting in optimal age and size at maturity. Our study provides the first experimental evidence that prey may balance developmental costs accruing from anti-predator behaviour by compensatory growth.
TL;DR: T3 is considered the best feed management protocol followed by T2 and T1 because it minimizes the input cost and improves production efficiency, and also helps in maintaining water quality due to the restricted feed input.
Abstract: Effects of feed restriction on compensatory growth (CG) performance of Indian major carps, sediment loading and water productivity in a carp–prawn grow-out production system were examined. The overall growth and crop performance were in the similar line in both T1 (regular feeding, 2 times a day) and T2 (4-week feeding followed by 2-week no feed). However, between T1 and T3 (8-week feeding followed by 2-week no feed), there was a significant (P < 0.05) variation in the overall growth and crop performance. This was probably due to the longer refeeding periods after cyclic food deprivation that successfully triggered compensatory growth response in T3 (CG Index: 98–104%). Treatment-wise sediment load ranged between 59.2 and 69.6 m3 t−1 biomass. Higher the apparent feed conversion ratios, higher was the sedimentation rate. Higher the feed input, higher were the water exchange requirement, total water use and consumptive water use index. Cyclic food deprivation and refeeding also helped in maintaining water quality due to the restricted feed input (10.5% in T2 and 2.0% in T3), thus minimizes the input cost and improves production efficiency. Keeping the growth and yield performance, water productivity and economic efficiency in view, T3 is considered the best feed management protocol followed by T2 and T1.
TL;DR: The results indicate that although compensatory growth following food restriction in early larval life prevents developmental delay and body mass loss, the resulting adults may encounter physiological challenges affecting their fitness.
TL;DR: There is no evidence from this study that the somatotropic axis per se is a significant contributor to compensatory growth, but the results of this study are consistent with uncoupling of the som atotropic axis following feed restriction.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of feed restriction and compensatory growth during re-alimentation on the functionality of the somatotropic axis. We blocked 60 bulls into one of two groups: 1) restricted feed allowance for 125 days (period 1) (RES, n = 30) followed by ad libitum feeding for 55 days (period 2) or 2) ad libitum access to feed throughout (ADLIB, n = 30). A growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) challenge was performed during each period. At the end of each period, 15 animals from each treatment were slaughtered and hepatic tissue collected. Hepatic expression of 13 genes of the somatotropic axis was measured by qRT-PCR. RES displayed a lower growth rate during period 1 (0.6 vs. 1.9 kg/day; P 0.05); however, resultant plasma IGF-1 was lower in period 1 and greater in period 2 in RES animals (P 0.05). Collectively, the results of this study are consistent with uncoupling of the somatotropic axis following feed restriction. However, there is no evidence from this study that the somatotropic axis per se is a significant contributor to compensatory growth.
TL;DR: The present research provides the first determination that a certain extent of ELF-MF exposure could inhibit the growth and digestion of fish, and cause compensatory restorations after being removed upon a time.
Abstract: Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), as a ubiquitous ecophysiological factor, has been determined to influence the health of human and animals worldwide. In this study, we focused on the effects of ELF-MF on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Totally 450 fish were exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz; 0, 30, 100, 150 and 200 μT) for 30 days, respectively. The effects on growth and digestion were monitored on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day after induction (immediate effect), as well as 20th day after cessation of exposure (delayed effect). The activities of pepsin and intestinal protease of tilapia were significantly decreased after exposure in certain intensities of ELF-MF, but recovered when the ELF-MF exposure was removed 20 days later. Similar effects were also observed in the growth parameters, moreover interestingly, the specific growth rate (SGR) even represented a compensatory growth. To our knowledge, the present research provides the first determination that a certain extent of ELF-MF exposure could inhibit the growth and digestion of fish, and cause compensatory restorations after being removed upon a time.
Dissertation•
01 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "uniformity" and "uncertainty" in the context of health care, and propose a solution.
Abstract: xiii
TL;DR: The results from the present study suggested that a suitable thermal stress could be more feasible to elicit compensatory growth than feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole.
Abstract: Responses of compensatory growth to high temperature and feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Guther, 1873), were investigated during a 56-days experiment. Fish were divided into seven groups including three high-temperature treatments which were reared at 28°C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then returned to 22°C (recorded as T1, T2 and T3), three feed-restricted treatments which were fed 25% satiation for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then fed ad libitum (recorded as R1, R2 and R3) and a control (continuously reared at 22°C). The results showed that juvenile tongue sole exposed to thermal stress for 1 week exhibited overcompensatory growth. However, complete compensation occurred in T2, T3 and R1 fish, while partial compensation occurred in R2 and R3 fish. The body composition and energy content of fish were not significantly different among all treatments (P > 0.05). The specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish in T1 were significantly higher than other treatments during the whole experiment period (P < 0.05). Higher feed efficiency and apparent digestion rate during recovery might account for the compensatory growth in tongue sole in the present study. Hyperphagia played an important role in compensatory growth for feed-restricted fish, but was not involved in the compensatory response in thermal stressed fish in the present study. The results from the present study suggested that a suitable thermal stress could be more feasible to elicit compensatory growth than feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole.
TL;DR: Initial soybean plant size impacts compensatory yield plant⁻¹, suggesting small plants lost more compensatory ability over time than previously thought.
Abstract: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] can produce compensatory yield following plant stand reduction, but the effect of plant size within a developmental stage on this ability is unknown. We seeded two cultivars at 15, 30, 45, and 60 plants m⁻², and identified large and small plants within each density at V3 (third trifoliate), V6 (sixth trifoliate), R2 (full bloom), and R4 (full pod) developmental stages. Subplots were either thinned to a density of 5.3 plants m⁻² or left at intact densities. The ability for large or small plants to produce compensatory growth and yield was evaluated by the differences between subsequent growth and yield produced in thinned vs. intact stands. We found small plants had equivalent harvest index to large plants across all plant densities and developmental stages, suggesting small plants were as efficient as large plants for compensating seed yield relative to biomass when stands were not thinned. However, when stands were thinned, compensatory growth and yield were different between large and small plants. For example, across all plant densities thinned at V3, large and small plants produced 51 and 37 g plant⁻¹, respectively, and compensatory yield contributed 30 and 24 g plant⁻¹, respectively. Thus, small plants produced 80% as much compensatory yield as large plants when thinned at V3. However, by the same comparison, the contribution of small plants declined to 57% when thinning was delayed to R4 development, suggesting small plants lost more compensatory ability over time. We conclude initial soybean plant size impacts compensatory yield plant⁻¹.
Journal Article•
Patent•
23 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for increasing carp breeding production efficiency through a hunger-compensating growth breeding mode was proposed, in which the weight and growth rate are remained after feeding for 75 days under the condition that the initial weight is free of difference.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for increasing carp breeding production efficiency through a hunger-compensating growth breeding mode. The method is that the hunger-compensating growth mode is performed to breed carp, namely, the carp is hungered for 5 to 15 days and then fed for 20 to 60 days, the process is repeated in 1 to 3 cycles; the carp is hungered for 5 days and then fed for 20 days for compensatory growth, and the process is repeated for 3 cycles; the carp is hungered for 7 days and fed for 28 days for compensatory growth, and then hungered for 7 days and fed for 34 days for compensatory growth; the carp is hungered for 15 days and then fed for 60 days for compensatory growth. Compared with the general breeding of the control group, the mode has the advantages that the weight and growth rate are remained after feeding for 75 days under the condition that the initial weight is free of difference, and therefore, the labor intensity and breeding cost can be relatively reduced, the breeding production efficiency can be increased, and the breeding efficiency of the carp can be increased by the breeding mode according to the theory.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss tilapia over-feeding and over-farming in the context of fish farming, and propose a method to solve the problem of overfeeding.
Abstract: 我们在五不同的喂政体下面调查了生长和尼罗河 tilapia 的身体作文。一个控制组被喂到为 185 天两次每日的厌足；四个治疗组在 2， 3， 4 或 7 天的间隔被喂(饮食的限制时期，天 080 ) 然后喂了到厌足(重新喂的时期，天 80185 ) 。在喂限制组的重量和长度的补偿生长在重新喂的时期期间被观察。然而，限制的组的没有的生长在试验性的时期上赶上了控制组的。在重新喂之上喂吸入与剥夺的持续时间增加了。在没有重要差别喂效率在之间限制并且在重新喂的阶段期间控制组，建议善饥是为增加的生长负责的机制在这个时期期间评价。Tilapia 优先地使用了 n-3 多元不堡和丰满的酸和非本质的氨基酸在限制喂时期期间。更高的生产被完成由更高喂消费。我们建议如果在最小的时间的市场尺寸的成就被要求，鱼应该一致地被喂到厌足，当小心避免 overfeeding 的可能的否定后果时。
TL;DR: Although compensatory growth is widespread among animals, expression of the response may vary with environmental context, and the lack of a compensatory response may be attributed to the costs of accelerated growth and weak seasonal time constraints in the tropics.
Abstract: Compensatory growth is well documented across taxa and provides a fitness advantage to animals who would otherwise reach a smaller reproductive size. We investigated the role of competition-induced gut plasticity in facilitating a compensatory response in red-eyed treefrog larvae. We reared larvae at low, medium, and high densities with different per capita resources, environments known to produce individuals with long and short guts. We then transferred larvae to competitively equal environments to determine if longer guts provided an advantage when resources became available. We predicted that larvae from higher densities with longer guts would exhibit hyperphagia and compensatory growth. We measured growth over 1-week, as well as the time to and size at metamorphosis. To assess mechanisms underlying the growth response, we measured diet transit time and intake. Growth, development, and metamorph snout-vent length did not differ between larvae with long and short guts. Instead, different gut lengths were associated with dramatically different feeding strategies. Medium- and high-density larvae fed at rates far below what their guts could accommodate. However, the combination of low intake and longer guts extended diet transit times, presumably increasing digestibility. This unexpected strategy achieved the same results as that of low-density larvae, which ate twice as much food, but passed it more quickly through a shorter gut. The lack of a compensatory response may be attributed to the costs of accelerated growth and weak seasonal time constraints in the tropics. This suggests that although compensatory growth is widespread among animals, expression of the response may vary with environmental context. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 778-788, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Overall, the studies on the compensatory growth in aquatic animal at population, individual,organ, tissue,biochemistry, and molecular level are illustrated, but more researches are needed to improved the theory on the mechanisms of compensatories growth.
Abstract: The phenomenon and mechanism of compensatory growth is important for exploring the adapting strategies of aquatic animals in varied aquatic environment and improving the efficiency of aquaculture.In the last thirty years,the phenomenon and mechanism of compensatory growth has drawed great attention.This review summarized the concept,dynamics of parameters in physiology and ecology in the stressing and restoring periods,and the mechanisms of physiology,biochemistry and molecule biology.Furthermore,the studies on the compensatory growth induced by non-nutritional stress(environmental stress)were also introduced.Overall,the studies on the compensatory growth in aquatic animal at population,individual,organ,tissue,biochemistry,and molecular level are illustrated.However,more researches are needed to improved the theory on the mechanisms of compensatory growth.
TL;DR: In vitro studies with cultured skeletal muscle cells revealed that the compensatory growth in these cells was induced by increased lysine levels in combination with the modulation of insulin-like growth factor-I and glucocorticoid levels, which suggested that compensatory Growth in pigs and rats withLysine sufficiency was due to both increased serum lysines levels and changes in the levels of hormones involved in protein synthesis and degradation.
Abstract: This review describes our studies on compensatory growth, specifically the growth that occurs after dietary lysine deficiency is changed to sufficiency. We found that dietary lysine sufficiency induced compensatory growth in pigs after dietary lysine deficiency. We also showed that compensatory growth of pigs induced by dietary lysine sufficiency was partly attributed to greater N retention. In a rat model, both suppression of proteolysis and increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle contributed to their compensatory growth with lysine sufficiency. Finally, our in vitro studies with cultured skeletal muscle cells revealed that the compensatory growth in these cells was induced by increased lysine levels in combination with the modulation of insulin-like growth factor-I and glucocorticoid levels. This suggested that compensatory growth in pigs and rats with lysine sufficiency was due to both increased serum lysine levels and changes in the levels of hormones involved in protein synthesis and degradation.
Patent•
20 May 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a method for detecting compensatory growth capacity of a relay-planting soybean was proposed, and the results showed that the method can be accurately evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation method.
Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture science, and in particular relates to a method for detecting compensatory growth capacity of a relay-planting soybean. According to the method, the compensatory growth capacity of the relay-planting soybean is evaluated by obtaining the comprehensive indexes of the growth capacity; and direct evaluation indexes of compensating the growth capacity are obtained. According to the comprehensive evaluation method of the growth capacity of the relay-planting soybean provided by the invention, harvesting and baking of the soybean are carried out at the mature period; yield data of clean and relay-planting soybean are respectively obtained; correlation analysis is carried out on the comprehensive indexes of the compensatory growth capacity and the yield and yield loss coefficient; the correlation coefficients are respectively 0.776 (p is smaller than 0.01) and -0.658 (p is smaller than 0.01); and the extremely significant level is reached. A result proves that the compensatory growth capacity of the relay-planting soybean can be accurately evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation method of the growth capacity of the relay-planting soybean provided by the invention; and the soybean materials which are high compensatory growth capacity and suitable for relay intercropping can be screened by the method.
Patent•
12 Jun 2015
TL;DR: The mode has the advantages that the weight and growth rate are remained after feeding for 75 days under the condition that the initial weight is free of difference, and therefore, the labor intensity and breeding cost can be relatively reduced.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for increasing carp breeding production efficiency through a hunger-compensating growth breeding mode. The method is that the hunger-compensating growth mode is performed to breed carp, namely, the carp is hungered for 5 to 15 days and then fed for 20 to 60 days, the process is repeated in 1 to 3 cycles; the carp is hungered for 5 days and then fed for 20 days for compensatory growth, and the process is repeated for 3 cycles; the carp is hungered for 7 days and fed for 28 days for compensatory growth, and then hungered for 7 days and fed for 34 days for compensatory growth; the carp is hungered for 15 days and then fed for 60 days for compensatory growth. Compared with the general breeding of the control group, the mode has the advantages that the weight and growth rate are remained after feeding for 75 days under the condition that the initial weight is free of difference, and therefore, the labor intensity and breeding cost can be relatively reduced, the breeding production efficiency can be increased, and the breeding efficiency of the carp can be increased by the breeding mode according to the theory.
Journal Article•