Showing papers on "Component (UML) published in 1979"

Complex seismic trace analysis

Abstract: The conventional seismic trace can be viewed as the real component of a complex trace which can be uniquely calculated under usual conditions. The complex trace permits the unique separation of envelope amplitude and phase information and the calculation of instantaneous frequency. These and other quantities can be displayed in a color-encoded manner which helps an interpreter see their interrelationship and spatial changes. The significance of color patterns and their geological interpretation is illustrated by examples of seismic data from three areas.

Distributed Simulation: A Case Study in Design and Verification of Distributed Programs

Abstract: The problem of system simulation is typically solved in a sequential manner due to the wide and intensive sharing of variables by all parts of the system. We propose a distributed solution where processes communicate only through messages with their neighbors; there are no shared variables and there is no central process for message routing or process scheduling. Deadlock is avoided in this system despite the absence of global control. Each process in the solution requires only a limited amount of memory. The correctness of a distributed system is proven by proving the correctness of each of its component processes and then using inductive arguments. The proposed solution has been empirically found to be efficient in preliminary studies. The paper presents formal, detailed proofs of correctness.

A forced directed component placement procedure for printed circuit boards

Abstract: This paper deals with the problem of placing components on a carrier, such as a printed circuit board (PCB). We present a new mathematical formulation of the concept of force directed placement, and describe an efficient computational procedure for solving the resulting system of equations. The placement procedure is broken down into two phases, Phase I being the "relative location phase," and Phase II being the "slot assignment or component overlap resolution phase." In Phase I of the procedure, we solve a set of simultaneous equations, based upon the interconnection topology of the system of components, in an endeavor to determine the optimum relative location of every component with respect to every other component. The equations are set up such that there are attractive forces between components sharing a common signal, and repulsive forces between components having no signals in common. The results of Phase I are often unacceptable from a physical standpoint because there is a great deal of overlap among the components. Phase II eliminates component overlap by either of two methods, depending upon the physical properties of the carrier. If the carrier is subdivided into slots, then the components are assigned to these slots using a criteria which minimiZes the total distance that all components need be moved. We perform this assignment by using the linear assignment algorithm. If the carrier is such that components are allowed to reside anywhere, then a different technique to resolve component overlap is used. A parametric analysis of the procedure is given based upon 12 different PCB's. These results show comparisons of this method to the work of others, and provide some insight into the method's absolute merits.

Handling Complex Queries in a Distributed Data Base

Abstract: : As part of the continuing development of the LADDER system [1] [2], we have substantially expanded the capabilities of the data base access component that serves as the interface between the natural-language front end of LADDER and the data base management systems on which the data is actually stored. SODA, the new data base access component, goes beyond its predecessor IDA [3], in that it accepts a wider range of queries and accesses multiple DBMSs. This paper is concerned with the first of these areas, and discusses how the expressive power of the query language was increased, how these changes affected query processing in a distributed data base, as well as what are some limitations of and planned extensions to the current system.

A self-improving quadratic tutor

Abstract: A self-improving quadratic tutor comprising two principal components is described. One component is an adaptive teaching program where the teaching strategy is expressed as a set of production rules. The second component performs the self-improving function of the system by making experimental changes to the set of production rules. This component employs a deduction procedure which operates on a theory of instruction expressed as a set of modally qualified assertions. These assertions relate educational objectives to modifications which can be made to the teaching strategy. The cycle of operations proposed for the system is as follows—select an educational objective, make an experimental change in teaching strategy, statistically evaluate the resulting performance, and update both the set of production rules and set of assertions. The tutor taught the solution of quadratic equations by the discovery method. The tutor was used by 51 students, and executed five experimental changes on its teaching strategy. This trial demonstrated that it was capable of improving its performance as a result of experimentation. Its limitations include a vulnerability to problems of local optima during “hill-climbing” and to a variant of the frame problem.

COSY -- a system specification language based on paths and processes

Abstract: A new notation for specifying systems of concurrent processes sharing distributed systems of resources is introduced and the utility of the notation is demonstrated by defining novel, highly concurrent and distributed algorithms performing important operating system functions. The notation permits a clear and logical development of the algorithms from an analysis of its component notions; such as various buffer types, as well as non-priority and priority resource management strategies; without any reference to implementation detail. This property of the notation facilitates both the validation of the algorithms as well as their novel, highly concurrent and distributed implementation.

Growth of complex systems can be related to the properties of their underlying determinants.

Abstract: Growth—increase in size, number, or amount—in many cases appears to follow simple empirical laws Such laws have been noted in a wide variety of fields for many years Until now these laws have never been related to the underlying determinants of these systems By starting with fundamental properties of the component mechanisms in such systems, one can derive a basic growth equation for which the well-known laws of growth are special cases

Paraphrasing Using Given and New Information in a Question-Answer System

Abstract: The design and implementation of a paraphrase component for a natural language question-answer system (CO-OP) is presented. A major point made is the role of given and new information in formulating a paraphrase that differs in a meaningful way from the user's question. A description is also given of the transformational grammar used by the paraphraser to generate questions.

An experimental analysis of the effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine on the acquisition and performance of response chains in monkeys.

Abstract: In one component of a multiple schedule of food presentation, monkeys acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four geometric forms (learning). In the other component, the four-response chain was the same each session (performance). Both d-amphetamine and cocaine, at the higher doses, disrupted the behavior in the learning component; the overall response rate decreased, the overall accuracy was impaired (i.e., percent errors increased), and there was less within-session error reduction. The performance component was generally less sensitive than the learning component to the disruptive effects of both drugs on rate and accuracy. After pre-feeding or during an extended session, the response rate decreased in both components, but accuracy was generally unaffected. When the four discriminative stimuli in both components were removed, the behavior was disrupted to a greater extent in the performance component. The disruptive effects of both drugs on behavior in the learning component were attenuated when the drugs were administered during the session after the response chain had been acquired. It was concluded that the greater sensitivity of the learning component to disruptive drug effects is related to the relatively weak stimulus control and/or the lower rate of reinforcement associated with that component.

Ratio Measurement and Theoretical Inference in Social Research

Abstract: This paper attempts to rectify false suspicions that have developed among some regarding ratio correlations. If researchers are theoretically concerned with relationships between ratio variables that contain common components (e.g., population density and suicide rate) or between a ratio variable and one of its components (e.g., percent urban and population size of nations) correlation analysis will not normally yield spurious results. Spuriousness becomes a problem primarily when the researcher is interested in relationships between component variables which are standardized by a common term for reasons extraneous to the hypothesis. Even here, though, it is not the empirical correlation that is spurious, but possible inferences one might draw about the relationship between the component variables from the observed correlations between the ratio-standardized variables. Assessment of suggested alternatives to ratio correlation indicates that ratio measurement sometimes provides conceptual, interpretive, and statistical advantages over alternatives critics have proposed. Because uncritical acceptance of faulty research poses a constant danger in the social sciences, we are routinely reminded to be diligent in evaluating possible methodological shortcomings in empirical studies. But an equally serious problem arises when criticisms of existing methodological procedures are automatically accepted without similar evaluation and reflection. Published methodological critiques not only often influence the type and direction of future methodologies used in studying a phenomenon, but they also can have a back-to-the-drawing board impact that leads many readers to discount the findings of previous studies and initiate new

On some methods of analysis for weather experiments

Abstract: SUMMARY Using generalized densities, maximum likelihood and ancillarity, methods are developed for the analysis of randomized weather modification experiments that incorporate predictor variables. The linear logistic form is used to model the distributional singularity at the origin, while a gamma model with predictors is developed for the component conditional on the presence of precipitation. Connexions between the component submodels are explored and illustrated using an Australian data set.

Control system for automotive vehicle component assembly lines

Abstract: Control of an automotive vehicle component assembling system having one or more series of assembly lines used in common for assembling various models, standards and/or specifications of vehicle component is provided by converting information and instructions relating to various models, standards and/or specifications of vehicle component into a sign The sign is fitted onto one of the part of the component Information and instructions from the sign are detected automatically to control picking up of parts and assembling operations in each assembly line

Electronic theft prevention apparatus for vehicles

Abstract: Electronic theft prevention apparatus including a decoder integrally formed with a vehicle component and selectively enabling the operation thereof, an encoder accessible to a vehicle operator for providing coded instructions to the decoder to enable operation of the vehicle component, and data coupling apparatus for interconnecting the decoder and the encoder to permit data transfer therebetween.

Electronic security device and method

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to security systems, and more particularly, to low cost, highly reliable mechanical-electronic locking units. The electronic security devices of the invention physically include a key assembly, a receptacle for the key in a door or other secured device, a receiver for decoding the signal sent from the key, and a novel electromechanical locking-and-unlocking component which is actuated electrically in response to an appropriate signal from the receiver.

SABLE: A Tool for Generating Structured, Multi-Level Simulations

Abstract: SABLE (Structure And Behavior Linking Environment) is a system currently being developed at Stanford to support structured, multi-level behavior specification and simulation of digital systems. SABLE accepts information about the nesting and interconnectivity of components, and combines it with descriptions of their behavior, which are written in a new language called ADLIB (A Design Language for Indicating Behavior). ADLIB allows users to define the "data level" at which each component operates, and to specify mechanisms for translating information between these levels. The facilities provided by SABLE are general and flexible, making it feasible to simulate a large system at several levels of abstraction simultaneously. Examples are included that illustrate: the' use of ADLIB for behavior specification, techniques for data level translations, and a design methodology that makes use of multi-level simulation.

Positional variations of the heart and its component chambers.

Abstract: CONGENITALLY ABNORMAL HEARTS are often diagnosed by referring to the situs of the atria, the type of bulboventricular loop and the type of mutual relationships of the arterial trunks, as in the preceding paper by Dickinson et al. Often, authors will not state the direction of the base-apex axis of the heart, or will mention it only incidentally. We believe that this method is insufficient to indicate completely the position of the heart and its component chambers. We should strive to indicate the position of the atria, ventricles and arterial trunks both from the standpoint of lateral and anteroposterior, and, if possible, craniocaudal relationships, vis-a-vis the body of the patient (fig. 1).1-6 This approach could be useful in angiocardiography, echocardiography and surgery. The direction of the base-apex axis of the heart should first be determined. Does it point to the right or to the left, or does the heart point ventrally (fig. 1)? If this direction of the base-apex axis is a result of the inherent structure of the heart, levocardia, dextrocardia or mesocardia can be diagnosed. If this direction results from extraneous phenomena such as diaphragmatic hernia, agenesis of the lung, atelectasis or emphysema, levoposition, dextroposition or mesoposition may be diagnosed. Only then should the analysis proceed to the position of the atria, their venous connections, the atrioventricular connections, the position of the ventricles and their arterial connections, and the mutual positions of the arterial trunks. A description of the situs of the atria is not sufficient; this indicates only laterality. It does not indicate anteroposterior or craniocaudal relationships. Thus, in dextroversion (fig. 1), the atria are either side by side, with the morphologically right atrium to the right and the morphologically left atrium to the left, or the morphologically right atrium is to the right and posterior, and the morphologically left atrium is to the left and anterior. The term situs solitus for this relationship is confusing, for in situs solitus atria in levocardia, the morphologically right atrium is to the right and anterior and the morphologically left atrium is to the left and posterior. We prefer to use the term situs solitus, pivoted, for the atrial relationship in dextroversion, although other terms may be appropriate. Similarly, in one type of isolated levocardia, the morphologically right atrium is to the left and posterior and the morphologically left atrium is to the right and anterior. The term situs inversus for this

The role of operators in APL

Abstract: Operators, which apply to functions to produce functions, are an important component of APL. Despite their importance, their role is not well understood, and they are often lumped with functions in expositions of the language. This paper attempts to clarify the role of operators in APL by tracing their development, outlining possible future directions, and commenting briefly on their roles in other languages, both natural and programming.

Box for smoking articles in the form of cigarettes or the like

Abstract: A box having inner and outer components made from individual cut blanks, the inner component including an integral tongue member arranged to form a loop which functions to actuate a folding lid.

Access Control in Parallel Programs

Abstract: An important component of a programming language for writing operating systems, or other large parallel systems, is the set of access control facilities. Two principles for access control, expressive power and access validation, are discussed. Then two new language mechanisms are presented: one for expressing the static structure and access rights of parallel systems, the other for controlling dynamic access to shared objects (monitors). The use of the proposed mechanisms is illustrated by examples including a file system. Finally, the relationships between the mechanisms, access validation, and the safety problem are discussed.

Single-Chip Computers, the New VLSI Building Blocks

Abstract: Current trends in the design of general purpose VLSI chips are analyzed to explore what a truly modular, general-purpose component for digital computing systems might look like in the mid 1980's. It is concluded that such a component would be a complete single-chip computer, in which the hardware for effective interprocessor communication has been designed with the architecture of the overall multiprocessor system in mind. Computation and communication are handled by separate processors in such a manner, that both can be performed simultaneously with full efficiency. This paper then describes relevant features of X-TREE, a research project which addresses the question how the power of VLSI of the next decade can best be used to build general purpose computing systems of arbitrary size. In X-TREE, a general VLSI component realizable in the mid 1980's is defined, and its interconnection into a hierarchical tree-structured network is studied. The overall architecture, communications issues and the blockdiagram of the modular component used are discussed.

Man-machine interaction in work systems

Abstract: Computer Aided Design systems are in common use particularly in the fields of architecture and engineering design, but such systems generally ignore an important component of man-machine systems, Man himself. However, all products, simple or complex, consumer or capital, involve human intervention in their manufacture, use, or maintenance. Human factors should be considered early in the design process, but this often proves to be time consuming or expensive by traditional methods. This paper describes the SAMMIE (System of Aiding Man-Machine Interaction Evaluation) Computer Aided Design system, which provides the designer with a wide range of aids including the evaluation of certain ergonomic criteria. Three-dimensional views of workplaces may be displayed on the screen of a graphics terminal linked to a minicomputer. To this workplace model, a Man model of variable anthropometry can be added, enabling the workplace to be evaluated against criteria such as the human operator's reach, vision, and fit capab...

The Shack Interferometer

Abstract: This paper describes an unequal-path interferometer that requires only one precision component and that can be constructed as a compact and inexpensive instrument. Principles of operation are outlined, and requirements for optical components and alignment are investigated. An actual instrument and considerations for its design are described.

Vehicle component and functional test expandable computer unit - has ROM module with additional stackable plug-in modules

Abstract: The vehicle component and functional test unit has a computer to whose microprocessor is connected a read-only memory contg. the test data and test program. It is a technically reliable and economical unit which is compact and convenient to use. It is above all expandable by addition of one or more of several additional plug-in program modules. The read-only memory contains a program module partially consisting of data specific to the vehicle undertest and has connections accepting an additional program module if reqd. The program module consists of a rectangular housing with recessed plug pins on one side and sockets on the other. The modules are designed for sandwich stacking of several units and the sockets and pins serve address and data highways and control circuits.

Apparatus for selecting, transporting, and inserting single in-line components

Abstract: An apparatus for individually selecting a number of single in-line package (SIP) components and sequentially inserting them into a printed circuit board. The apparatus has a basic mode of operation, under a program control, comprising a shuttle assembly and a component pickup and insertion assembly, the shuttle assembly transferring a component from a selected one of a plurality of magazines and transferring the component to an unload station. At the unload station, the pickup and insertion assembly picks up the component from the shuttle assembly and rotates to a vertical position for insertion of the component in a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board is mounted on a pantograph mechanism whose position is controlled by a tape reader or a computer which also determines the automatic sequencing of the shuttle block.

Ford's 1980 Central Fuel Injection System

Abstract: This paper represents a functional description of the 1980 production central fuel injection (CFI) system as designed and developed by Ford for passenger car application. This CFI system is unique in that it represents the company's first introduction of total electronic fuel control and utilizes digital instead of analog computer technology. The paper addresses three distinct areas: (1) System description which includes component identification, vehicle component packaging, and a macro explanation of total system function. (2) Detail description of individual component architecture. (3) Description of the control strategy depicting component interrelationships and engine/vehicle requirements. This will include both closed loop and open loop control modes.