Showing papers on "Pervious concrete published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of aggregate type and size on the properties of pervious concrete was investigated and it was found that a higher amount of small aggregate fractions yielded higher density concrete mixtures and greater flexural strength.
201 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate physical and mechanical properties of pervious concrete including density, strength, porosity, and permeability, and the relationship between properties dependent on coarse aggregate size.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a correlation was made between key pervious concrete properties such as the porosity, permeability, compressive and tensile strength versus the cement paste thickness, which was completed through a controlled concrete mix-design, a controlled laboratory preparation technique and an analysis of the hardened concrete cross-section.
134 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of differential levels of compaction energy and fine sand addition on pervious concrete mixtures was analyzed, and it was shown that adding small amounts of fine sand (around 5% of the total aggregate weight) provided better mechanical and surface properties and a consequent reduction of drainability.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an ultra-high performance cement-based matrix with compressive strengths in excess of 150 MPa (22 Ksi) and high durability properties are designed and applied to the mixture design concept of pervious concrete.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this article, coal bottom ash was used as a coarse aggregate and geopolymer as a binder, and a significant correlation was observed among the paste thickness, measured total void ratio and compressive strength.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of NaOH concentration, partial replacement of FA with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and curing temperature on the properties of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC) were investigated.
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used neutron tomography to determine both the water loss from the concrete surface due to evaporation and the redistribution of fluid that occurs in fresh mortars exposed to external drying.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the water permeability of pervious concrete has been investigated using different water heads on the testing samples and the results indicate that the apparent permeability decreases with the applied water head.
Abstract: Falling head method (FHM) and constant head method (CHM) are, respectively, used to test the water permeability of permeable concrete, using different water heads on the testing samples. The results indicate the apparent permeability of pervious concrete decreasing with the applied water head. The results also demonstrate the permeability measured from the FHM is lower than that from the CHM. The fundamental difference between the CHM and FHM is examined from the theory of fluid flowing through porous media. The testing results suggest that the water permeability of permeable concrete should be reported with the applied pressure and the associated testing method.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the properties of pervious concrete made with air-cooling electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) as aggregates and found that perviouscrete made with EAFS aggregates had better mechanical strength and a greater permeability coefficient than that made with natural river gravels.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of macrosynthetic fibers on pervious concrete material properties and durability were evaluated at three dosage rates (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg/m3) in a single mixture.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a testing plan designed to evaluate the effects of macrosynthetic fibers on pervious concrete material properties and durability. The effects of two lengths of fibers (38 and 56 mm) were investigated at three dosage rates (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg/m3) in a single mixture. The unit weight and void content of all samples were controlled to allow determination of the effects caused directly by the fibers. Samples were tested for strength and durability properties. The results indicate that fibers in general reduced permeability and the infiltration rate, while reducing surface abrasion and improving freeze-thaw durability.
TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory study was performed to examine the drainage and clogging characteristics of two common forms of porous materials used in porous pavement construction, namely porous asphalt and pervious concrete.
Abstract: Porous pavements have been used for many years worldwide because of their unique functional benefits, including improved wet-weather driving safety, reduced tire–pavement noise, lower peak flow load of road drainage systems, and replenishment of groundwater supplies. These benefits are derived from the relatively high porosity and permeability of the porous pavement layers. In the design of a porous pavement, two key considerations are its drainage capacity and its ability to retain the drainage capacity during its service life. In this research, which used a permeability coefficient as the drainage capacity parameter, a laboratory study was performed to examine the drainage and clogging characteristics of two common forms of porous materials used in porous pavement construction, namely porous asphalt and pervious concrete. The experimental program considered four target porosity levels for each of the two pavement materials: 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Clogging was created by introducing clogging materials p...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of carbonation on the physical property, microstructural characteristic, and heavy metal leaching behavior of carbonated porous concrete were investigated independent variables, such as the type of the alkali activator and binder, the amount of paste, and CO2 concentration, were considered.
Abstract: In the present study, a porous concrete with alkali activated slag (AAS) and coal bottom ash was developed and the effect of carbonation on the physical property, microstructural characteristic, and heavy metal leaching behavior of the porous concrete were investigated Independent variables, such as the type of the alkali activator and binder, the amount of paste, and CO2 concentration, were considered The experimental test results showed that the measured void ratio and compressive strength of the carbonated porous concrete exceeded minimum level stated in ACI 522 for general porous concrete A new quantitative TG analysis for evaluating CO2 uptake in AAS was proposed, and the result showed that the CO2 uptake in AAS paste was approximately twice as high as that in OPC paste The leached concentrations of heavy metals from carbonated porous concrete were below the relevant environmental criteria
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Box-Behnken (BBD) response surface design to characterize the individual and combined effects of superplasticizers (SPs), VMA and set-retarding admixtures (RE) on pervious concrete paste.
16 Jun 2015
TL;DR: Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and recharging ground water levels.
Abstract: Pervious concrete is a special type of concrete with a high porosity used for concrete flatwork applications that allows water from precipitation and other sources to pass through it, thereby reducing the runoff from a site and recharging ground water levels. The void content can range from 18 to 35% with compressive strengths of 400 to 4000 psi. The infiltration rate of pervious concrete will fall into the range of 2 to 18 gallons per minute per square foot (80 to 720 liters per minute per square meter). Typically pervious concrete has little to no fine aggregate and has just enough cementitious paste to coat the coarse aggregate particles while preserving the interconnectivity of the voids. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in parking areas, areas with light traffic, pedestrian walkways, and greenhouses. Pervious Concrete is an important application for sustainable construction.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of fine sand (SA) and fly ash (FA) as additive materials on lightweight pervious concrete (LWPC) properties were also studied, including density, total void ratio, water permeability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, and surface abrasion of LWPC.
Abstract: This paper presents an investigation of the use of recycled lightweight aggregate from waste autoclaved aerated concrete block to make lightweight pervious concrete (LWPC). The effects of fine sand (SA) and fly ash (FA) as additive materials on LWPC properties were also studied. The density, total void ratio, water permeability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, and surface abrasion of LWPC were tested. The results showed that all LWPCs had low density of 775–900 kg/m3 and low thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.15–0.27 W/m K. The use of SA and FA improved the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and abrasion resistance of LWPC, while the total void ratio and water permeability seemed to reduce. The low thermal conductivity and low density of LWPC with reasonable 28-day compressive strength of 1.9–4.1 MPa suggested that it is suitable for use as thermal insulating concrete.
Patent•
11 Mar 2015
TL;DR: The pervious concrete provided by the invention has relatively high water permeability, strength and durability; after the perviouscrete is applied to a practical engineering, it can greatly improve the problem of poor drainage of a hardened road surface as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The invention discloses pervious concrete and a construction method thereof. The pervious concrete comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 13.1-15.9% of cement, 12.7-15.6% of river sand, 59.6-66.0% of stones, 3.7-3.9% of water and 4.5-5.0% of admixtures, wherein the admixtures comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 45-50% of ultrafine mineral powder, 15-20% of heavy calcium carbonate, 15-20% of gypsum powder, 3-5% of polypropylene fiber, 5-10% of a polycarboxylate water reducing agent, 4.2-8.4% of adhesive powder and 2-5% of a pigment. The pervious concrete provided by the invention has relatively high water permeability, strength and durability; after the pervious concrete is applied to a practical engineering, the pervious concrete can greatly improve the problem of poor drainage of a hardened road surface, so that the development of the pervious concrete can be promoted.
TL;DR: Porous asphalt, large porous brick pavers, and curb cutout rain gardens showed the greatest infiltration rates, and most engineered porous pavements and soils performed better than the native silt loam soils.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a unique combination of porosity, infiltration, and clogging testing results to provide background information for the specification and design of clog-resistant pervious concrete pavements.
Abstract: This paper presents a unique combination of permeability, infiltration, and clogging testing results to provide background information for the specification and design of clog-resistant pervious concrete pavements. Pervious concrete cylindrical samples of various sizes and porosities were tested using a falling-head permeameter in the laboratory. The cylindrical wall effect on porosity and permeability was determined using image analysis along with testing variability. Infiltration was tested on a series of fixed void slab samples that were then clogged with compost, soil, and a compost–soil mixture. Cleaning effectiveness was measured and related to sample properties. The results show that cylinder permeability was highly variable, with 100-mm specimens producing the least variability of the two sizes tested (75 mm and 100 mm). Slab specimens with consistent cross-sectional infiltration were the most clog resistant and had the best infiltration remediation after cleaning. Samples with initial infiltration capacities greater than 750 cm/h were the most clog resistant. The best pavement performance resulted from uniform vertical permeability distribution and high initial infiltration capacity.
TL;DR: In this article, the acoustic properties of porous concrete made from arlite and vermiculite lightweight aggregates are investigated and a simple theoretical model for granular porous media, based on parameters measurable with basic experimental procedures, is adopted to predict the acoustic property of the prepared mixes.
Abstract: The use of sustainable materials is becoming a common practice for noise abatement in building and civil engineering industries. In this context, many applications have been found for porous concrete made from lightweight aggregates. This work investigates the acoustic properties of porous concrete made from arlite and vermiculite lightweight aggregates. These natural resources can still be regarded as sustainable since they can be recycled and do not generate environmentally hazardous waste. The experimental basis used consists of different type specimens whose acoustic performance is assessed in an impedance tube. Additionally, a simple theoretical model for granular porous media, based on parameters measurable with basic experimental procedures, is adopted to predict the acoustic properties of the prepared mixes. The theoretical predictions compare well with the absorption measurements. Preliminary results show the good absorption capability of these materials, making them a promising alternative to traditional porous concrete solutions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the albedo of pervious concrete with different porosity and found that the porosity decreases linearly with the increase of porosity, which is a potential countermeasure to the urban heat island effect.
Abstract: Pervious pavements have been advocated as a potential countermeasure to the urban heat island effect To understand if pervious pavements stay cooler than conventional pavements, the albedo of the pervious concrete must be understood This study measured the albedo of pervious concrete with different porosity Four Portland cement concrete mixes were casted, using designed amounts of sand to vary the porosity of the pervious concrete samples The samples were sliced and the spectral reflectance and albedo of the sliced samples were measured and analyzed It is found that the albedo of pervious concrete decreases linearly with the increase of the porosity The albedo of a pervious Portland concrete varies from 025 to 035, which is 005~015 lower than the albedo of conventional cement concrete Due to this lower albedo, it should be cautious to develop pervious concrete to battle with urban heat island unless the evaporation of pervious concrete is promoted to compensate the additional solar absorption caused by the low albedo
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of varying proportion of volcanic pumice as an aggregate replacement (VP/A) and proportion of aggregate to cement (A/C) with a constant water to cement ratio (WCR) to the mechanical properties of porous concrete, and to those porous concrete with normal aggregate as a control.
TL;DR: In this paper, a study aimed at evaluating the improvements due to reinforcing fibres into pervious concrete mixtures for achieving better performance, in particular void content, permeability, stiffness and tensile strength.
Abstract: Pervious concrete surface layers represent a construction material with many positive features. It is acknowledged as a useful tool to reduce water run-off and it provides environmental benefits by lowering the pavement surface temperature, noise due to traffic and pollutants. Unfortunately, high drainability properties do not comply with high resistance and durability when facing traffic conditions. Standards and rigorous specifications for construction and placement are lacking and contractors rely on experience to conduct the work. The same aggregate sieve distribution and paste content can result in different pervious concrete pavement characteristics depending on the compaction energy applied. Too much compaction will generally reduce voids while enhancing resistance and vice versa. The present study aimed at evaluating the improvements due to reinforcing fibres into pervious concrete mixtures for achieving better performance. In particular, void content, permeability, stiffness and tensile strength ...
01 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, an extensive review of full-depth permeable pavements including porous asphalt, pervious concrete, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP) is presented.
Abstract: This document is an extensive review of full-depth permeable pavements including porous asphalt, pervious concrete, and permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP). Also included is a brief section on articulated concrete blocks/mats. The main topics, which have been divided into chapters, include structural and mix design, hydrologic design, hydraulic performance (i.e. infiltration capacity), maintenance needs/frequency/actions, the impact of permeable pavement on water quality, results of a highway shoulder feasibility study, knowledge gaps, and several cold climate case studies from the United States and Canada. While progress has recently been made with the relatively new permeable pavement technology, researchers have also identified many unresolved issues that are not well understood. These include a methodology to measure subgrade infiltration rates, filling data gaps related to structural integrity, construction, and related issues associated with permeable pavements, determining what maintenance activities are most effective on various pavement types and how frequently specific maintenance actions should be performed, a better understanding of the processes involved in the observed reduction of contaminant concentrations in stormwater flowing through permeable pavements, and a better understanding of the performance of permeable pavements over a time frame that better corresponds with a life-span of 20 years.
Patent•
16 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed pervious concrete with the characteristics of high strength, long service life and durability, which is an ordinary portland cement with the strength grade being not lower than 42.5 grade and the reinforcing agent adopts a silicone acrylic emulsion.
Abstract: The invention provides pervious concrete with the characteristics of high strength, long service life and durability. According to the technical scheme adopted in the invention, the pervious concrete comprises components of raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 400-500 parts of cement, 1600-1650 parts of broken stone, 10-20 parts of a reinforcing agent, 0-10 parts of a water reducing agent and 100-130 parts of water. The cement is an ordinary portland cement with the strength grade being not lower than 42.5 grade, and the reinforcing agent adopts a silicone acrylic emulsion.
Patent•
06 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method for detecting the character of pervious concrete by processing images, which consists of the following steps: cutting a concrete sample transversely to expose an intact and smooth cutting plane which serves as an experimental surface; obtaining the images of the obverse side of the experimental surface of the brick-powder processed perviouscrete; selecting the largest regular section image of the sample from the obtained images of obverse-side, and calculating the total pixel value of the largest part image; blacking and whitening the selected image; extracting the pore image
Abstract: The invention provides a method for detecting the character of pores of pervious concrete by processing images. The method comprises the following steps: cutting a pervious concrete sample transversely to expose an intact and smooth cutting plane which serves as an experimental surface; obtaining the images of the obverse side of the experimental surface of the brick-powder processed pervious concrete; selecting the largest regular section image of the sample from the obtained images of the obverse side, and calculating the total pixel value of the largest regular section image; blacking and whitening the selected image; extracting the pore image of the blacked and whitened image, and calculating the pixel value of each pore; calculating the total pixel value of the pores; calculating the total porosity and the distribution situation of internal pore diameters according to the obtained pixel values of the pores and the obtained total pixel value of the pores; repeating the steps, obtaining the total porosity of a plurality of cutting surfaces of the same pervious concrete sample and the distribution situation of pore diameters, and calculating the average value of the total porosity of the cutting surfaces of the same pervious concrete sample to obtain the total porosity of the pervious concrete sample and further the character of the pores of the pervious concrete.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present three basic recipes of porous concrete, where 100 % of the filler was replaced with crushed porous concrete rubble with the fraction of 0/6 mm. The proposed recipes have been tested in regards to: density of fresh concrete mixture, concrete mixture consistency, strength, and thermal conductivity coefficient.
Abstract: The ongoing development of urbanization of our landscape has resulted in continuous demand for building materials, which are even nowadays produced mainly from primary natural resources. The continuous reconstructions and modernizations of already built-up areas are the cause of the production of construction waste which, for example, in Europe represents ¼ of the volume of all waste materials. Such a trend is inconsistent with sustainable development and considerate impact on the environment. The contemporary society is aware of these adverse impacts and it actively participates in the integration of construction waste back into production. Thanks to the systems of recycling, construction waste can return to the building industry as a fully valuable building material. The production of shaped pieces from grey cellular concrete after the autoclave process results in the creation of residual material in the form of waste blocks (rubble). This waste material is stored in dumps. The presence of these dumps has an adverse effect on the surrounding environment. This article presents the first results of a basic research dealing with the treatment process of waste cellular concrete rubble by means of a crushing process and its subsequent use as filler in the production of new porous concretes. The article presents 3 basic recipes of porous concrete, where 100 % of the filler was replaced with crushed porous concrete rubble with the fraction of 0/6 mm. The proposed recipes have been tested in regards to: density of fresh concrete mixture, concrete mixture consistency, strength, and thermal conductivity coefficient.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, pervious concrete is designed without sand and adding silica fume as an admixture using ACI 522R-06 code, the mechanical strength of the concrete is increased to an extent.
Abstract: Pervious concrete is a zero-slump, open graded material consisting of hydraulic cement, coarse aggregate, admixtures and water. Because pervious concrete contains little or no fine aggregates such as sand, it is sometimes referred to as "no-fines" concrete. It is a special type of concrete having a high void content of about 30%, is becoming popular nowadays due to its potential to reduce the runoff to the drainage systems which can provide a water flow rate around 0.34 cm/second. Pervious concrete has a large open pore structure hence less heat storage and faster. Pervious concrete also find its effective application in low loading intensity parking pavements, footpaths, walkways and highways. The pervious concrete is considered as an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for providing pollution control, storm management and suitable development. Here, pervious concrete mix is designed without sand and adding silica fume as an admixture using ACI 522R-06 code, the mechanical strength of the concrete is increased to an extent. The aim of this project is to lay the pervious concrete in platform and car parking thus transmitting the water to the underground surface very easily for maintaining the ground water table even in all the places.