Showing papers on "Pregnancy published in 1982"
TL;DR: A unique group of preeclamptic/eClamptic patients with the finding of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and a low platelet count is defined, termed the HELLP syndrome, which may occur when the usual clinical findings to diagnose severe preeclampsia are absent.
1,223 citations
TL;DR: Induction of mammary cancer in rats by administration of the chemical carcinogen 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene reveals that the same factors influencing human breast cancer risk also affect the susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to the chemicalcar carcinogen.
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that in humans certain factors such as early menarche, late pregnancy, and nulliparity are associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer, while early pregnancy acts as a protective factor. Induction of mammary cancer in rats by administration of the chemical carcinogen 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene reveals that the same factors influencing human breast cancer risk also affect the susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to the chemical carcinogen. Nulliparous rats and rats undergoing pregnancy interruption are more susceptible to developing carcinomas. This fact has been attributed to the incomplete differentiation of the gland at the time of carcinogen administration. Parous rats are resistant to the carcinogenic effect of DMBA, which is explained by the complete development of the gland attained during pregnancy and lactation. This development is manifested by the differentiation of terminal end buds into secretory units, which have a smaller proliferative compartment; the epithelial cells of these secretory units have a longer cell cycle, less avidity for binding DMBA, and possess a more efficient DNA excision repair capacity.
618 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of cases of confirmed rubella infection at different stages of pregnancy and the findings in infected children being compared with those in children who had escaped infection found no defects attributable to rubella.
495 citations
TL;DR: Maternal meals and glucose concentrations did not influence gross fetal body movements and fetuses demonstrated a peak in activity between 2100 and 0100 hours at 38 to 39 weeks' gestational age.
409 citations
350 citations
TL;DR: One hundred and six triploids were ascertained during a study of 1500 consecutive spontaneous abortions by comparing parental and foetal cytogenetic heteromorphisms and a histopathological examination of each triploid was done in a subsequent blind study.
Abstract: One hundred and six triploids were ascertained during a study of 1500 consecutive spontaneous abortions. The mechanism of origin of the additional haploid complement was investigated by comparing parental and foetal cytogenetic heteromorphisms and a histopathological examination of each triploid was done in a subsequent blind study. The mechanism of origin of the additional haploid complement was found to be highly correlated with the development of partial hydatidiform mole and with gestational age. All 51 paternally derived triploids in which a pathologic diagnosis could be made were partial moles, whereas only 3 of 15 maternally derived triploids on which a diagnosis could be made were molar. The mean gestational age of the paternally derived triploids was 122 days while that of the maternally derived triploids was only 74 days. It was suggested that the development of partial mole was primarily associated with the presence of two paternal haploid chromosome complements, the association with relatively long gestational ages being a secondary one consequent upon retention of the molar placentae for many weeks after foetal demise.
331 citations
TL;DR: The number and size of live-born infants was much greater in mothers who had become acyanotic as a result of reparative surgery than in the still cyanotic women, whether or not they had had palliative surgery.
Abstract: In the state of Connecticut, 233 women with congenital heart defects were prospectively followed up through 482 pregnancies that resulted in 372 infants who were examined frequently during their first 3 years of life. Approximately half of the women had undergone cardiac surgery and they were compared with the women without operation. There was no maternal mortality, and no patient had infective endocarditis, brain abscess or a cerebrovascular accident. The proportion of pregnancies resulting in live births did not differ significantly in mothers with and without cardiac surgery; the average live birth rate was 77 percent in all. However, the number and size of live-born infants was much greater in mothers who had become acyanotic as a result of reparative surgery than in the still cyanotic women, whether or not they had had palliative surgery. In cyanotic women, placental size was abnormally large in relation to birth weight, which was abnormally low. When the mothers were classified according to cardiac function, there was a significant difference between the number of infants born alive to mothers in good to excellent status and the number born to mothers in fair to poor condition. The latter had a significant increase in interrupted pregnancies as well as in cardiovascular complications during pregnancy. The total group had a 16.1 percent incidence rate of infants with congenital heart disease. This rate was corrected to 14.2 percent by removal of seven mothers, two with Noonan's syndrome, one with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and four with a family history of congenital heart defects.
320 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that fetal malformations in the diabetic rat are attributable either to the hyperglycemia as such or to some accompanying metabolic consequence of insulin deficiency, and underscore the importance of a strict differentiation in the offspring of the diabetic rats between transient development retardations and true malformation.
Abstract: Intensive care of the pregnant mother with diabetes has dramatically decreased the incidence of diabetic fetopathy. The persistently high rate of fetal and neonatal mortality in diabetic pregnancies is nowadays mainly due to the increased incidence of serious congenital malformations. However, attempts to elucidate the precise teratogenic mechanisms have been sparse, presumably because of a lack of relevant animal models. In the present study we recorded the incidence and types of skeletal malformations in live offspring of normal rats and in rats made diabetic with the B-cytotoxic agent streptozotocin (SZ) at least 2 wk before conception. In some of the diabetic animals insulin treatment was begun 1 wk after the SZ injection and continued throughout pregnancy. In addition, the fetal development was followed by assessing the calcification of the skeleton on gestational days 20 and 22 with the aid of Alazarin Red S staining. Manifest diabetes in the pregnant rat induced a decrease in fetal weight and viability and marked retardation of skeletal maturation. In addition, about 20% of 135 viable fetuses showed skeletal malformations comprising either micrognathia or caudal dysgenesis. These defects were not found in 314 offspring of the control rats. Only two cases of caudal dysgenesis and none of micrognathia were detected among 233 offspring of the insulin-treated rats. The present data underscore the importance of a strict differentiation in the offspring of the diabetic rat between transient development retardations and true malformations. They also demonstrate that correction of the maternal glucose intolerance is crucial for preventing the fetus from developing skeletal malformations. Altogether the data suggest that fetal malformations in the diabetic rat are attributable either to the hyperglycemia as such or to some accompanying metabolic consequence of insulin deficiency.
314 citations
309 citations
TL;DR: A brief report of a general nature covering the period from the beginning of the effort in late February 1980 through December 31, 1981, when all patients had either no fallopian tubes or irreparable tubes.
304 citations
TL;DR: A study of maternal immune responsiveness during pregnancy found that changes in disease activity and antibody production during pregnancy may account for changes in the survival of the fetus as an allograft.
Abstract: DECREASED maternal immune responsiveness during pregnancy may partly explain the survival of the fetus as an allograft. It may also account for changes in disease activity and antibody production i...
TL;DR: In the normal pregnancy groups, with increasing fetal gestational age from 28 to 32 weeks to 36 to 40 weeks there was an increase in the length of the active and quiet periods with fewer active-quiet cycles per hour.
TL;DR: A highly significant increase in laxity was found in women having their second baby over those having their first (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.01) over the readings from the same individuals after parturition.
Abstract: We have studied changes in peripheral joint laxity occurring during pregnancy in 68 females using both the finger hyperextensometer to quantify laxity at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger and Beighton et al.'s modification of the Carter and Wilkinson scoring system. Although the latter system recorded no change, the more sensitive hyperextensometer demonstrated a significant increase in joint laxity during the last trimester of pregnancy (0.02 greater than p greater than 0.01) over the readings from the same individuals after parturition. When primigravidae and multigravidae were compared, a highly significant increase in laxity was found in women having their second baby over those having their first (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001), though no further increase in laxity occurred in subsequent pregnancies.
TL;DR: Infected women were significantly younger than noninfected women, and significantly more often unmarried, supported by public assistance, and pregnant for the first time, among women followed up from 19 weeks' gestation until delivery, the mean duration of gestation was significantly shorter for those with antepartum chlamydial infection.
Abstract: In a prospective study of morbidity associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infections during pregnancy, we isolated C trachomatis from the endocervix of 18 (6.7%) of 268 women examined before 19 weeks' gestation. Infected women were significantly younger than noninfected women, and significantly more often unmarried, supported by public assistance, and pregnant for the first time. Among women followed up from 19 weeks' gestation until delivery, the mean duration of gestation was significantly shorter for those with antepartum chlamydial infection. Stillbirth or neonatal death occurred in six (33%) of the 18 pregnancies of infected women compared with eight (3.4%) of the 238 pregnancies of noninfected women followed up from the 19th week of gestation through delivery. Stillbirth or neonatal death occurred ten times more often among Chlamydia infected women than among uninfected controls matched for age, marital status, socioeconomic status, pregnancy order, and race. ( JAMA 1982;247:1585-1588)
TL;DR: A detailed review of the effects of in utero DES exposure is presented, including increased rates of spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, premature deliveries, and perinatal deaths, all contributing to an increase in overall adverse pregnancy outcome.
TL;DR: New findings in this study include a negative association between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and fetal growth, and women who used marijuana during pregnancy were five times more likely to deliver infants with features considered compatible with the fetal alcohol syndrome.
Abstract: A study of 1,690 mother/child pairs at Boston City Hospital was conducted to assess the impact of maternal alcohol consumption on fetal development when confounding variables were controlled. Level of maternal drinking prior to pregnancy was associated with shorter duration of gestation. Lower maternal weight change, history of maternal illnesses, cigarette smoking, and marijuana use, however, were more consistently related to adverse fetal growth and development. New findings in this study include a negative association between maternal marijuana use during pregnancy and fetal growth. Also when confounding variables were controlled, women who used marijuana during pregnancy were five times more likely to deliver infants with features considered compatible with the fetal alcohol syndrome.
TL;DR: There were no significant differences between the children in the treated and untreated groups in standing and supine blood pressures, or fourteen tests of ability, and methyldopa seems safe to use in pregnancy and is probably preferable to other drugs from the point of view of the neonate and child.
TL;DR: In planning public health activities such as nutrition interventions for developing countries, the type of intrauterine growth retardation present in the target population should be considered in order to determine which type of intervention would be most appropriate, and establish its correct timing.
Abstract: Three different types of intrauterine growth retardation can be identified depending on the moment at which supplies to the fetus are diminished. When a reduction in sustenance occurs early in the first trimester of pregnancy, a well-proportioned but growth-retarded baby may be expected. When the negative factors develop around the 30th week of pregnancy, the result is a disproportionately growth-retarded infant. Both types of retardation can be illustrated using longitudinal uterine height and biparietal diameter values and by neonatal anthropometry. Epidemiological examples exist defining factors which produce these two kinds of retardation. The third type occurs when a reduction in food supplies takes place in the last month of pregnancy and causes a depletion of the fetal fat stored. Weight retardation is observed with little or no height impairment. In planning public health activities such as nutrition interventions for developing countries, the type of intrauterine growth retardation present in the target population should be considered in order to determine which type of intervention would be most appropriate, and establish its correct timing.
TL;DR: It was hypothesized that the effects of low levels of medication are subtle but may be unmasked when medication effects are studied in combination with other factors that may potentiate drug effects.
Abstract: The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale was administered to 54 term, healthy infants on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10. Infants were divided into 8 groups of maternal obstetrical medication. A separate drug factor score was computed from 4 variables: time from (1) first and (2) last drug administration to delivery, (3) number of different drugs, and (4) drug administrations. In order to determine the additive effects of drug and other obstetric factors on neonatal behavior, the drug group and drug factor score plus length of labor, parity, and the ponderal index were used in a series of multiple regression analyses to predict Brazelton scale cluster scores on each day. In a second set of multiple regressions, these variables were used to predict the infant's rate of behavioral change as estimated by the slopes of the Brazelton scale cluster scores across the 7 days. The results indicated that the combined effect of the predictor variables significantly explained 10%-28% of the variance in neonatal behavior. It was hypothesized that the effects of low levels of medication are subtle but may be unmasked when medication effects are studied in combination with other factors that may potentiate drug effects.
TL;DR: It is concluded that PGI2 biosynthesis is increased during normal pregnancy, and that this increase is less in pregnancy-induced hypertension.
TL;DR: There was a considerable variation in the time required for this hyperlipidaemia to decline after delivery; women who bottle‐fed their infants maintained an elevated serum triglyceride level for three times longer than those who breast‐feeding their infants.
TL;DR: It is shown that engraftment of nonfunctional intrauterine-derived maternal T cells in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency without graft-versus-host disease without graft’s versus host disease is feasible and beneficial.
Abstract: AFTER our initial observation in 1978 of engraftment of nonfunctional intrauterine-derived maternal T cells in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency without graft-versus-host disease,1 , ...
TL;DR: It is suggested that coffee consumption has a minimal effect, if any, on the outcome of pregnancy and there was no excess of malformations among coffee drinkers.
Abstract: We analyzed interview and medical-record data of 12,205 non-diabetic, non-asthmatic women to evaluate the relation between coffee consumption and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Low birth weight and short gestation occurred more often among offspring of women who drank four or more cups of coffee a day and more often among the offspring of smokers. After controlling for smoking, other habits, demographic characteristics, and medical history by standardization and logistic regression, we found no relation between low birth weight or short gestation and heavy coffee consumption. Furthermore, there was no excess of malformations among coffee drinkers. These negative results suggest that coffee consumption has a minimal effect, if any, on the outcome of pregnancy.
TL;DR: Fasting, residual, and average hourly volume were increased in all trimesters of pregnancy, but tended to return to normal in the postpartum period, and two distinct rates of emptying after breakfast, an early and a late one, were identified.
TL;DR: The relation between fetal femur length and menstrual age was determined by cross-sectional analysis of 338 normal fetuses using real-time sonography and mathematical modeling demonstrated that the femur growth curve is nonlinear, similar to the biparietal diameter growth curve.
Abstract: The relation between fetal femur length and menstrual age was determined by cross-sectional analysis of 338 normal fetuses (12--40 weeks) using real-time sonography. Mathematical modeling of the data demonstrated that the femur growth curve is nonlinear, similar to the biparietal diameter growth curve. Predicted femur length values at various points in gestation were comparable to the results of other investigators. Predicted menstrual age values in weeks for specific femur length measurements in millimeters were calculated and are reported in tabular form. The variability (+/- 2 SD) associated with predicting menstrual age from femur length is +/- 9.5 days between 12--23 weeks, but between 23--40 weeks the variability is +/- 22 days. Fetal femur length can be used as an adjunct in estimating menstrual age, and as a screening device for diseases that affect fetal limb growth (e.g., dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta).
TL;DR: The low rate of complications of this treatment, 5.1% cyst formation as well as the 14% abortion rate and the 2.6% congenital anomaly rates and the excellent gestational outcome in those who conceived support the use of thistreatment regimen.