Showing papers on "Prime mover published in 2014"

Combined cooling, heating and power systems: A survey

Abstract: The combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system – a typical representative of the decentralized energy system – has been increasingly attracting attention in academia and industries in recent years, thanks to its distinctive advantages of high system and economic efficiency, and less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions In this paper, the state of the art of CCHP research is surveyed First, the development and working scheme of the CCHP system will be presented Some analyses of the advantages of this system and a brief introduction of the related components are then given in the first part In the second part of this paper, we elaborately introduce the prime mover and thermally activated facilities Recent research progress on the management, control, system optimization and sizing will be summarized in the third part The development of the CCHP system in representative countries and the development barriers will be discussed in the last part

Hybrid gas turbine propulsion system

Abstract: A hybrid aerodynamic thrust system as a prime mover for aircraft or other high-speed vehicles. An arrangement of dual thrust resources to alternately accommodate low and high airspeed regimes. Electromotive force is used in lieu of hot section power turbines to achieve engine air compression or alternately perform thrust work at low velocities.

Powertrain configurations for two-motor, two-clutch hybrid electric vehicles

Abstract: Powertrain configurations for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are disclosed herein. One powertrain comprises: a prime mover; an electric motor-generator, said electric motor-generator mechanically coupled to said prime mover via a first clutch; an electric motor, said electric motor mechanically coupled to said electric motor-generator via a second clutch; a battery, said battery electrically coupled to said electric motor-generator and said electric motor, said battery capable of supplying electrical energy to said electric motor-generator and said electric motor; and a controller, said controller capable of supplying control signals to said prime mover, said first clutch, said electric motor-generator, said second clutch and said electric motor such that said controller is capable of dynamically affecting a plurality of operating modes; wherein further said plurality of operating modes comprises one of a group, said group comprising: all electric mode, series mode, series-parallel mode and parallel mode.

System and method for driving multiple pumps electrically with a single prime mover

Abstract: A converterless motor-driven pump system includes an off-grid prime mover. The prime mover includes a rotational driveshaft that operates in response to a throttle or fuel input controller to control a rotation speed of the prime mover driveshaft. Operation of the throttle or fuel input controller is based on desired output characteristics of a pumping load. One or more electric power generators are driven by the off-grid prime mover to generate AC or DC power on an electrical bus shared by a plurality of variable speed electric motors. A plurality of pumps is connected to a common manifold shared by the plurality of pumps. The plurality of pumps is driven by the plurality of variable speed electric motors to generate a desired wellhead pressure or pumping load flow rate via the shared common manifold.

Rotational atherectomy device with exchangeable drive shaft and meshing gears

Abstract: An atherectomy device with an exchangeable drive shaft is disclosed, having a drive shaft gear at a distal end of the exchangeable drive shaft for meshing engagement with a prime mover gear on the output shaft of the prime mover. The exchangeable drive shaft is inserted into an opening at the distal end of the handle housing and moved axially in a proximal direction. Surface features on at least the prime mover housing and the engageable drive shaft help to align the drive shaft gear with the prime mover gear for meshing engagement.

A comparison of diesel, biodiesel and solar PV-based water pumping systems in the context of rural Nepal

Abstract: Nepal is heavily dependent on the traditional energy sources and imported fossil fuel, which has an adverse impact on the environment and economy. Renewable energy technologies promoted in the country are regarded as a means of satisfying rural energy needs of the country for operating different rural end-uses. In this context, this article is prepared to investigate energy alternatives to pump drinking water in one of the remote rural village of Nepal, which has no means of running water source. Analyses in this article are based on the formulation of three technical scenarios of water pumping using petro-diesel, jatropha-based biodiesel and solar photovoltaic pumps. The technical system design consists of system sizing of prime mover (engine, solar panel and pumps) and estimation of reservoir capacity, which are based on the annual aggregate water demand modelling. With these investigations, detailed financial modelling is carried out in a spreadsheet to compare the alternatives on the basis of the econ...

Comparing Energy and Cost Optimization in Distributed Energy Systems Management

Abstract: Distributed generation, despite not being a new concept, is assuming a leading role in the field of energy conversion, as it should contribute to the enhancement of efficiency, flexibility, and reliability of national energy systems. However, it also noted that the effective performances of small and flexible power plants is critically influenced by their actual control strategy. Moreover, it is not trivial to identify a univocal parameter to evaluate the plant performance. For instance, cost evaluation clearly responds to an industrial view of the energy supply problem, while energy consumption or polluting emissions comply with a socio economic approach. In this scenario, the optimization of the plant management is a valuable instrument to gain insight on their behavior as the control strategy is varied, as well as to promote the distributed generation development, by maximizing the plants performances. In this paper, we further develop a graph based optimization methodology to optimize the set-point of an internal combustion engine based plant used to satisfy a hospital energy load, under different seasonal load conditions (winter, summer, and transitional seasons) and energy prices. Specifically, in order to dissect the effects of the objective function selection, two different optimization criteria are considered, namely economical optimization and primary energy consumption minimization. In particular, we focus on the features of the prime mover (i.e., the internal combustion engine) control strategy and on its drivers, as a function of the prescribed objective function. Results demonstrate that in the actual Italian energy market, cost minimization does not match primary energy consumption minimization, because the latter is only influenced by energy demand time series, and equipments performance, while the former is fundamentally driven by the electricity prices time series.

Systems and methods for powering electric vehicles using a single or multiple power cells

Abstract: Electric vehicles such as scooters can have a first operating mode in which energy is supplied by a single electrical energy storage device and a second operating mode in which energy is supplied by multiple electrical energy storage devices. A circuit element can be included in the circuit connecting the electrical energy storage devices to a prime mover such as a traction motor. The circuit element has a first, electrically conductive, state that couples only the single electrical energy storage device to a traction motor and a second, electrically non-conductive, state that couples the multiple electrical energy storage devices to the prime mover. The transition of the circuit element from the first state to the second state can occur by irreversibly fracturing the circuit element upon installation of multiple electrical energy storage devices or by a controller transitioning the circuit element from the first state to the second state.

Hybrid vehicle drive system and method using split shaft power take off

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle drive system for use with a first prime mover and a transmission driven by the first prime mover. The system includes a second prime mover coupled to a rechargeable energy source, a split shaft PTO, and an accessory coupled to the split shaft PTO. The split shaft PTO is configured to couple to the second prime mover, and the accessory is configured to receive power from the second prime mover through the split shaft PTO.

AC power generator testing system

Abstract: The invention discloses an AC power generator testing system, which comprises a control computer, a test and control unit, a prime mover unit, transfer tooling, a power converter, and a cooling and heating system, wherein the prime mover unit comprises a drive motor and a driver; the transfer tooling is connected with a to-be-tested sheet; the to-be-tested sheet is an AC power generator; the drive motor is a high-speed driving drive motor; the drive motor provides operation power for the to-be-tested sheet; the transfer tooling is used for simulating an accessory gearbox; the control computer controls the high-speed driving drive motor to operate; the test and control unit is used for carrying out verification and acceptance on the to-be-tested sheet performance test and participating a joint test; and the test and control unit carries out data acquisition and control on the to-be-tested sheet and the power converter and realizing monitoring and controlling on the drive motor. According to the AC power generator testing system, related parameters of the power generator in different working states can be automatically measured in real time, and evidences are provided for product development, performance checking and inspection and acceptance.

Microgrid frequency regulation using wind turbine controls

Abstract: This paper proposes a control system that uses wind energy to regulate the frequency of an islanded microgrid. The model used in both computer and hardware simulation includes a scaled representation of a microgrid that uses a permanent magnet AC (PMAC) machine and a variable resistance load. The wind turbine is represented by a DC machine as the prime mover connected with a PMAC generator. As the microgrid load changes the frequency of the system changes and the proposed control system regulates power from the wind turbine as necessary to correct the frequency and maintain a nominal value. Results of both computer simulation and hardware implementation show that wind energy can be used to maintain microgrid frequency in islanded operation.

Vehicle with ac-to-dc inverter system for vehicle-to-grid power integration

Abstract: Vehicles that are capable of connecting to the AC grid are described that comprise a prime mover and at least one motor generator. In one embodiment, a vehicle may be constructed as a plug-in hybrid system and using the powertrain under controller instruction to either place power on an AC power line (to service AC grids) or to draw power from the AC power line to add electrical energy to the batteries on the vehicle. In some aspects, vehicles may test whether the power needed to service the AC power line may be satisfied by the on-vehicle batteries or, if not, whether and how much power to extract from the prime mover. In some aspects, vehicles may have a thermal management system on board to dynamically supply desired heat dissipation for the powertrain, if the powertrain is using the prime mover to supply power to the AC grid.

Driveline and method of controlling a driveline

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor vehicle driveline and a method of controlling same. The driveline includes front wheels (11, 12) and rear wheels (14, 15), a controller (40) and a prime mover (11). Either the front wheels (11, 12) or all wheels are connected to the prime mover (11). The rear wheels (14, 15) may be connected via a prop shaft (23) with clutches (22; 27) at both ends. The decision to switch between 2WD and 4WD is taken on basis of speed-dependent trigger conditions.

Servers Powered by a 10kW In-Rack Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

Abstract: Author(s): Zhao, L; Brouwer, J; James, S; Siegler, J; Peterson, E; Kansal, A; Liu, J | Abstract: To improve the reliability and the energy efficiency of datacenters, as well as to reduce infrastructure costs and environmental impacts, we demonstrated and evaluated the use of a 10 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) stack and system for powering the servers in a data center. In this study, we designed, tested and demonstrated a PEMFC system as a Distributed Generation (DG) prime mover that has high reliability and efficiency for both steady state and dynamic operations. The 10kW PEMFC stack and system was designed to power a server rack and eliminate the power distribution system in the datacenter. The steady state electrical properties such as efficiency and polarization curves were evaluated. The ramp rate and dynamic response of the PEMFC system to server and system dynamics was also characterized and can be used to determine energy storage requirements and develop optimal control strategies to enable the dynamic load following capability.

Dynamic Analysis and Design Optimization of Series Hydraulic Hybrid System through Power Bond Graph Approach

Abstract: The availability of natural gas and crude oil resources has been declining over the years In automobile sector, the consumption of crude oil is 63% of total crude oil production in the world Hence, automobile industries are placing more emphasis on energy efficient hydraulic hybrid systems, which can replace their conventional transmission systems Series hydraulic hybrid system (SHHS) is a multidomain mechatronics system with two distinct power sources that includes prime mover and hydropneumatic accumulator It replaces the conventional transmission system to drive the vehicle The sizing of the subsystems in SHHS plays a major role in improving the energy efficiency of the vehicle In this paper, a power bond graph approach is used to model the dynamics of the SHHS The obtained simulation results indicate the energy flow during various modes of operations It also includes the dynamic response of hydropneumatic accumulator, prime mover, and system output speed Further, design optimization of the system is carried out to optimize the process parameters for maximizing the system energy efficiency This leads to increase in fuel economy and environmentally friendly vehicle

Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control of Wind Turbine Emulator

Abstract: In this paper, a Wind Turbine Emulator (WTE) based on a separately excited direct current (DC) motor is studied. The wind turbine was emulated by controlling the torque of the DC motor. The WTE is used as a prime mover for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM). In order to extract maximum power from the wind, PI and Fuzzy controllers were tested. Simulation results are given to show performance of proposed fuzzy control system in maximum power points tracking in a wind energy conversion system under various wind conditions. The strategy control was implemented in simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v4i2.5809

Short range peer-to-peer communications system

Abstract: A short range peer-to-peer communications system for communicating between mobile machines includes a first machine having a first prime mover, a first ground engaging drive mechanism operatively connected to the first prime mover to propel the first machine about a work site, and a first peer-to-peer transmitter system on the first machine for transmitting a first signal indicative of a characteristic associated with operating of the first machine. A second machine has a second prime mover, a second ground engaging drive mechanism operatively connected to the second prime mover to propel the second machine about the work site, and a second peer-to-peer receiver system for receiving the first signal directly from the first peer-to-peer transmitter system.

A method for proving the global stability of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus

Abstract: We consider a grid connected synchronous generator (SG), having a constant field current and driven by a prime mover with constant torque. The grid is regarded as an “infinite bus”, i.e., a three-phase AC voltage source. The problem of interest is verifying if, for a given set of SG parameters, the angular velocity of the SG rotor converges to the angular velocity of the grid, irrespectively of the SG initial conditions. We pose this problem as a question of almost global asymptotic stability of a fourth order nonlinear system. In a recent work, we derived an integro-differential equation, which resembles the forced pendulum equation, and showed that the fourth order system is almost globally asymptotically stable if and only if the same holds for this equation. In this paper, it is shown that this equation is almost globally asymptotically stable if a real-valued nonlinear map defined on a finite interval is a contraction. For any given set of SG parameters, it is straight forward to check numerically if this map is a contraction. An example demonstrating our results is included.

An Innovative Design and Cost Optimization of a Trigeneration (Combined Cooling, Heating and Power) System

Abstract: Load management and cost optimization are among the important factors in trigeneration systems and combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems. In this study, an innovative CCHP system uses a gas turbine as the prime mover and has a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) in addition to an auxiliary boiler, electric and absorption chillers. The system is tied with the bulk electric grid; to export and sell excess power or import power when necessary. This study analyzes load management and cost optimization of CCHP systems. A heuristic strategy to optimize the total energy cost is then presented. The optimal size of CCHP is determined from the study results. This paper proposes a model for CCHP system optimization based on minimization of energy consumption and initial investment costs. It is to be noted that the selected variables are the size of the gas turbine, the absorption chiller capacity, and other dependent components.

Evaluation of excitation capacitance for a single-phase two winding self excited induction generator

Abstract: Self excited induction generators (SEIGs) are being increasingly called in service for renewable energy applications. They are incapable of generating reactive power and hence their reactive power is invariably supplied by capacitors connected across their magnetizing circuit. Therefore, the foremost design constraint of SEIGs is the evaluation of optimum excitation capacitance which fulfills their reactive power requirements for variable loading conditions. This paper presents a detailed steady state modeling and analysis of a single phase, two winding SEIG to evaluate its optimum excitation capacitance for resistive as well as inductive static loads. The steady state model of SEIG is developed through Matlab M file. Validation of simulation results is carried out through experimental tests on a single phase prime mover driven induction motor operated as SEIG.