Showing papers on "Prime mover published in 2015"

Thermo-Economic Optimization of Solar CCHP Using Both Genetic and Particle Swarm Algorithms

Abstract: A combined cooling, heating and power generation (CCHP) system is modeled and optimized The heat demand in this plant can provide by prime mover, backup boiler, and solar panels Both the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to find the maximum of actual annual benefit (AAB) as an objective function The design parameters or decision variables are capacity of prime mover, their number as well as their partial load (PL), backup boiler and storage tank heating capacity, the number of solar panels, types of electrical and absorption chiller as well as the electric cooling ratio Both genetic and PSO algorithms are converged with maximum 06% difference As a result, a diesel engine with nominal power of 350 kW combined with 255 solar panels is selected in the optimum situation In addition, the optimization results show that the advantage of absorption chiller than the electrical chiller due to the extra availability of heat by the prime mover at the warm season in residential area Finally, the effect of electric cooling ratio, number of solar panels and solar panels investment cost on objective function are investigated and results are reported

A Switched-Reluctance Generator With Interleaved Interface DC–DC Converter

Abstract: This paper presents the development of a wind switched-reluctance generator (SRG) with interleaved interface dc-dc converter. First, the power circuit and control scheme of the SRG are properly designed. The hysteresis current-controlled pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme is designed to achieve good winding current tracking control, and the robust voltage control scheme is developed to yield well-regulated dc output voltage under varying prime mover driving speed and load conditions. Moreover, the voltage regulation and the developed power performances of SRG are further enhanced using the proposed commutation shift approach. Next, an interleaved current-fed push-pull interface dc-dc converter with two modules is developed to establish the boosted common dc bus voltage of a dc microgrid from the SRG output having fault-tolerant capability. The rating analysis and circuit component design are conducted in detail. Similarly, well-regulated voltage with lower ripples is also yielded via the properly designed schematic and control scheme.

Modified electronic load controller for constant frequency operation with voltage regulation of small hydro driven single-phase SEIG

Abstract: This paper is aimed at design and implementation of a modified electronic load controller (MELC) for constant frequency operation with voltage regulation of a two winding single-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) applicable for renewable energy applications specifically for off-grid power generation using a small hydro energy. The system frequency is maintained constant at a reference level for fixed as well as variable input mechanical power to the prime mover experienced in small hydro systems due to seasonal variations. The point of common coupling (PCC) voltage is also regulated by the controller at varying loads by controlling the power flow to the dump load. The proposed MELC is presented for the first time for constant frequency generation and voltage regulation of single-phase SEIG with frequency as a feedback variable.

Power quality analysis of hybrid renewable energy system

Abstract: An hybrid renewable energy sources consisting of solar photovoltaic, wind energy system, and a microhydro system is proposed in this paper. This system is suitable for supplying electricity to isolated locations or remote villages far from the grid supply. The solar photovoltaic system is modeled with two power converters, the first one being a DC-DC converter along with an maximum power point tracking to achieve a regulated DC output voltage and the second one being a DC-AC converter to obtain AC output. The wind energy system is modeled with a wind-turbine prime mover with varying wind speed and fixed pitch angle to drive an self excited induction generator (SEIG). Owing to inherent drooping characteristics of the SEIG, a closed loop turbine input system is incorporated. The microhydro system is modeled with a constant input power to drive an SEIG. The three different sources are integrated through an AC bus and the proposed hybrid system is supplied to R, R-L, and induction motor loads. A stati...

Six-stator spherical induction motor for balancing mobile robots

Abstract: This paper describes the design, construction, and operation of a closed-loop spherical induction motor (SIM) ball wheel for a balancing mobile robot (ballbot). Following earlier work, this new design has a smaller rotor and higher torques due to the use of six stators in a skewed layout. Actuation and sensing kinematics as well as control methods are presented. In its current implementation, torques of up to 8 Nm are produced by the motor with rise and decay times of 100 ms. Results are presented supporting its potential as a prime mover for mobile robots.

Linear actuator assembly and system

Abstract: A linear actuator system includes a linear actuator and at least one proportional control valve and at least one pump connected to the linear actuator to provide fluid to operate the linear actuator. The at least one pump includes at least one fluid driver having a prime mover and a fluid displacement assembly to be driven by the prime mover such that fluid is transferred from the pump inlet to the pump outlet. The linear actuator system also includes a controller that establishes at least one of a speed and a torque of the at least one prime mover and concurrently establishes an opening of the at least one proportional control valve to adjust at least one of a flow and a pressure in the linear actuator system to an operational set point.

Evaluation of cooling and thermal energy storage tanks in optimization of multi-generation system

Abstract: Optimization of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) generation system using gas engine as prime mover is presented in this work. The main objective of this work is comparison of optimum four different configurations for storing heating and cooling loads. For this purpose, a CCHP plant with/without thermal energy storage (TES) and cooling energy storage (CES) tanks were investigated separately. Gas engine nominal capacity, nominal capacity of TES and CES tanks, electric cooling ratio and operational strategies of electrical and absorption chillers as well as the engine at each hour were considered as 52 design parameters. Then, Real Parameter Genetic Algorithm (RPGA) was used to find the optimum values of decision variables to reach the maximum total annual profit (TAP) for each case. It was investigated that the optimum TAP has been improved 9.48%, 5.19% and 2.23% by applying TES + CES tanks, compared with the None, TES and CES cases, respectively. In addition, it was obtained that a gas engine with the higher nominal capacity was selected in the case of TES + CES compared with the other studied cases. Furthermore, it was determined that the CES, TES and None cases were the best, respectively after the TES + CES case in term of TAP. Finally, verification model for energy conservation was presented with acceptable precision.

Shaping science as the prime mover of sustainable agriculture for food and nutrition security in an era of environmental degradation and climate change

Abstract: At the time of India’s independence in 1947, India’s food production for national food security was highly insufficient. Malthusian scourge in the backdrop of Bengal famine of 1943 was looming. It was at a time of critical food shortage in the 1960s, commodity-centric exploitative agriculture, miscalled as Green Revolution, was ushered in by Swaminathan–Borlaug partnership. It changed India’s image then as begging bowl to bread basket! As had been foreseen and forewarned, the Green Revolution resulted in environmental degradation, enhanced social inequities and had little to do with sustainable agriculture and rural development. With the lessons learnt, Swaminathan developed a systems approach-based evergreen revolution to achieve productivity in perpetuity without accompanying environmental and social harm. It is also designed to fight both the famines of food and rural livelihoods with the help of ecotechnologies having pro-nature, pro-poor, pro-women and pro-livelihood orientation. The present article elaborates these aspects.

Studies on Performance of Thermoacoustic Prime Mover

Abstract: Thermoacoustic engines are the devices that convert thermal energy into acoustic energy without moving parts. The main objective of this study is to analyze the performance of a thermoacoustic prime mover measured in terms of onset temperature difference, frequency, and pressure amplitude by varying resonator, stack length, and plate thickness. From the experiments, it is observed that onset temperature difference and pressure amplitude increases with increase in resonator and stack length with minimum plate thickness, whereas the frequency increases with decrease in resonator and stack length with higher plate thickness. The experimental results are compared with simulated results via Design Environment for Low Amplitude Thermoacoustic Energy Conversion software (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA).

Aircraft starting and generating system

Abstract: An aircraft starting and generating system includes a starter/generator that includes a main machine, an exciter, and a permanent magnet generator. The system also includes an inverter/converter/controller that is connected to the starter/generator and that generates AC power to drive the starter/generator in a start mode for starting a prime mover of the aircraft, and that converts AC power, obtained from the starter/generator after the prime mover have been started, to DC power in a generate mode of the. A load-leveling unit (LLU) is selectively coupled with a DC power output from the starter/generator and has an inverter/converter/controller (ICC) with an LLU metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET)-based bridge configuration that supplies DC power to the DC power output in a supply mode, and that receives DC power from the DC power output, in a receive mode. A LLU bridge gate driver is configured to drive the LLU MOSFET-based bridge during a supply mode and a receive mode using bi-polar pulse width modulation (PWM).

Pump integrated with two independently driven prime movers

Abstract: A pump having at least two fluid drivers and a method of delivering fluid from an inlet of the pump to an outlet of the pump using the at least two fluid drivers. Each of the fluid drives includes a prime mover and a fluid displacement member. The prime mover drives the fluid displacement member to transfer fluid. The fluid drivers are independently operated. However, the fluid drivers are operated such that contact between the fluid drivers is synchronized. That is, operation of the fluid drivers is synchronized such that the fluid displacement member in each fluid driver makes contact with another fluid displacement member. The contact can include at least one contact point, contact line, or contact area.

Grand challenges in engine and automotive engineering

Abstract: Oil provides 33% of the world’s energy (Wilcox, 2014) and transportation engines account for over 60% of the 70 million barrels of crude used each day Engines power the world’s roughly one billion passenger vehicles, as well as trucks and heavy-duty vehicles In theUSA, engines consume 14million barrels of oil per day or 25 gal/person Since there are insufficient reserves, 62% is imported, and at current prices (eg, $80 a barrel), the USA spends about 1 billion dollars a day on imported oil is also impacts national security It is unreasonable to think that this vast consumption of fuel is sustainable But prospects for replacing the IC engine with more fuel efficient and cleaner power plants are not hopeful Indeed, a recent report (NRC, 2011) concluded that “ the internal combustion engine (ICE) will be the dominant prime mover for light-duty vehicles for many years, probably decades us, it is clearly important to perform R&D to provide a better understanding of the fundamental processes affecting engine efficiency and the production of undesirable emissions” Also, there is no obvious alternative to the IC engine for mediumand heavy-duty commercial vehicles, which account for a quarter of all fuel used (mostly diesel) e fuel used by IC engines also has a major impact on our global environment Burning one 1 kg of fuel consumes about 15 kg of air, and signi cant energy is required to pump it into and out of the engine In addition, about 3 kg of CO2 is generated, which contributes to the world’s annual production of 37 billion tons of CO2, a major green house gas (GHG) Some fear that GHGs can cause climate change with unpredictable consequences To address this problem, the International Energy Agency’s roadmap is to reduce fuel use by 30–50% in new road vehicles worldwide by 2030, and in all vehicles by 2050 (IEA, 2012) Although 2050 appears distant, the time required to bring new engines to production, together with the years needed for new technology to permeate the vehicle eet, means that major effort (and investment) will be required us, the grand challenge faced by engine and automotive engineering researchers over the next decades will be to devise technological advances thatmaximize engine efficiency, minimize pollutant emissions, and optimize tolerance to a wider variety of fuels in power generation and transportation systems

Prime Mover Control Device for Work Vehicle

Abstract: A prime mover control device for a work vehicle, includes: a rotation speed control unit that controls a rotation speed of a prime mover in correspondence to an operation quantity of an accelerator operation member; a temperature detection unit that detects a temperature of cooling oil used to cool a brake; and a speed limiting unit that limits a maximum rotation speed of the prime mover by setting a lower limit for the maximum rotation speed when the temperature of the cooling oil detected by the temperature detection unit is higher than a predetermined temperature, compared to a limit set when the temperature of the cooling oil detected by the temperature detection unit is lower than the predetermined temperature, wherein: a maximum vehicle speed is limited by limiting the maximum rotation speed of the prime mover by the speed limiting unit.

Robust H∞ control of time delayed power systems

Abstract: Power system is the backbone of our society The purpose of this work is to design a stable, robust and efficient controller for a power-generation system with time delays, model uncertainties and disturbances Based on the practical dynamics of generator, prime mover, exciter and automatic voltage regulator, a mathematical power-generation system model is developed with state space dynamical equations involving time delays in the feedback A novel robust control framework based on linear matrix inequalities is proposed in the paper, which controls the energy system effectively Computer simulations are used to show the efficacy of the proposed control algorithm

Assessment of a CHP system based on economical, fuel consumption and environmental considerations

Abstract: Combined heat and power (CHP) systems which are able to produce heating and power simultaneously, are getting more attention since they have many economical and environmental benefits. CHP systems for buildings are an important application of CHP on various systems designs. In this study, we have investigated a CHP system applicable for the building of Azad University of Shahrood. The prime mover utilised here is an internal combustion engine (ICE) with natural gas fuel, and the CHP system is evaluated under different sizes of engine, between 200 kW to 1,800 kW. Based on the cost analysis, fuel consumption and emission deducting, an evaluation factor indicator (EFI) is defined which can be applied to select an ideal engine for the proposed CHP system. The lower the EFI, the better option for the engine sizes can be achieved. The result shows that a gas engine with the size of 1,200 kW has the lowest EFI factor. Regarding this size of engine, a CHP system is designed and it found that the CHP system is economically viable for the operation period, and the return on investment will be higher than the interest rate.

Slip control method and arrangement for a driveline including a continuously variable transmission

Abstract: A slip control method and arrangement for a driveline including a continuously variable transmission is described herein. The driveline includes a clutch that is so controlled as to slip when a torque higher than the usable torque attempts to pass through. Accordingly, the clutch prevents the prime mover from stalling.

Effect of the relative installation position of two enlarged prime movers on the onset temperature in loop-tube-type multistage thermoacoustic system

Abstract: Reducing the driving temperature of a thermoacoustic system to effectively utilize the unused low-temperature heat source is important for improving the performance of the system. The driving temperature of the thermoacoustic system was reduced by installing multiple stages of prime movers in series, a heat-to-sound transducer, and a prime mover with an increased cross-sectional area. In this study, the oscillation temperature was investigated both experimentally and by stability analysis in order to verify whether the system is operable, and to determine its operating temperature, when changing the installation position of the two-stage prime mover with increased cross-sectional area.

Lock-up-clutch control device

Abstract: A control device for a lock-up-clutch installed in a torque converter arranged between an engine and an automatic transmission mechanism includes an engagement control means that carries out a calculation to increase an engaging capacity of the lock-up-clutch with the passage of time during an engagement control time in which the torque converter is shifted from a converter condition to a lock-up condition in which the prime mover drives an auxiliary device and in which when, during the control to increase the engaging capacity of the lock-up-clutch, an input torque to the torque converter from the engine is increased due to reduction in load of the auxiliary device, the engagement control means promotes the increase of the engaging capacity of the lock-up-clutch based on the amount of increase of the input torque thereby eliminating undesired pressure shortage that would be induced in the period toward the lock-up condition.

Evaluation of Low Voltage Ride-Through capability of synchronous generator connected to a grid

Abstract: The grid compliance of generators has been largely focused on wind power generators in literatures. With the increase in installation of distributed power systems, the dynamic performance of governor controlled prime mover driven generators might be affected. This paper discusses the Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) compliance of a governor controlled generator connected to a ring structure transmission system. The LVRT compliance of the generator is examined through case studies for various scenarios. This simulation study implies that a particular prime mover driven generating unit may be able to comply with the LVRT requirement in one grid code, but may fail to comply with the LVRT requirement in another grid code.