Showing papers on "Revised NEO Personality Inventory published in 2003"

Psychopathy and the Five-factor model of personality: a replication and extension.

Abstract: It has recently been argued that psychopathy can be understood and represented using common dimensions of personality taken from the Five-factor model (FFM). In this research, we examined this possibility by using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) to assess psychopathy in an undergraduate sample. Specifically, we matched individuals' NEO-PI-R profiles with an expert-generated psychopathy prototype to yield a psychopathy score. These scores were correlated with self-reports of drug use, delinquency, risky sex, aggression, and several laboratory tasks. FFM psychopathy was significantly related to all forms of deviance, although the effects tended to be small in size. Moreover, individuals who more closely resembled the prototypic FFM psychopath were more aggressive in a laboratory aggression task, less willing to delay gratification in a time discounting task, and demonstrated a preference for aggressive responses in a social information-processing paradigm.

Big Five factors of personality and replicated predictions of behavior.

Abstract: Measures of the Big Five factors of personality were used to predict a variety of criterion variables thought to represent behaviors of some social and cultural significance (eg, alcohol consumption, grade point average) Analyses focused on replicated predictions across 2 independent samples of participants (Ns = 276 and 142) with 3 different measures of the Big Five (the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the Five-Factor Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire, the latter an experimental nonverbal personality inventory) The results indicated substantial consistency in behavior predictions across the different Big Five assessments The data are interpreted as supporting both the construct validity of the personality measures used and the role of the Big Five factors as determinants of certain complex behaviors

The relationship between the revised NEO-Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between two of the most widely used personality measures, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. A total of 900 participants completed the NEO PI-R and the MBTI. Correlational analysis of the personality measures showed that NEO PI-R Extraversion was correlated with MBTI Extraversion-Introversion, Openness was correlated with Sensing-Intuition, Agreeableness with Thinking-Feeling and Conscientiousness with Judging-Perceiving, replicating the findings of McCrae & Costa (1989).

Competition and Cooperation in the Five-Factor Model: Individual Differences in Achievement Orientation

Abstract: The authors investigated the relationship between basic achievement orientations of competition and cooperation and the five-factor model of personality as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992). They examined 2 types of competition: hypercompetition (R. M. Ryckman, B. Thornton, & J. C. Butler, 1994) and personal development competition (R. M. Ryckman, M. Hammer, L. M. Kaczor, & J. A. Gold, 1996), as conceptualized by K. Horney (1937). In a sample of 251 young adults, 14% to 38% of the variance in achievement orientations was collectively predicted by NEO-PI-R domain scales. Of NEO-PI-R predictors, Agreeableness was most important in characterizing differences between various achievement orientations; Agreeableness was negatively related to hypercompetition, positively related to cooperation, and unrelated to personal development competition. Extraversion was positively related to both cooperation and personal development competition but was...

On the usefulness of measures of normal personality for clinical assessment: evidence of the incremental validity of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

Abstract: As a means of examining the incremental validity of a normal personality measure in the prediction of selected Axis I and II diagnoses, 1,342 inpatient substance abusers completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI–R) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI–2) and were assessed with structured clinical interviews to determine diagnostic status. Results demonstrated that scores from the NEO-PI–R (a) were substantially related to the majority of diagnoses, accounting for between 8% and 26% of the variance in the diagnostic criteria; (b) explained an additional 3% to 8% of the variability beyond 28 selected MMPI–2 scale scores; (c) increased diagnostic classification an additional 7% to 23% beyond MMPI–2 scale scores; and (d) were significantly more useful when examined at the facet trait level than at the domain trait level. Implications for incorporating measures of normal personality into clinical assessment batteries are discussed. Assessment in clinical settings often relies on instruments such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI–2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) designed to measure personality pathology and predict psychiatric diagnoses. In contrast to psychopathology scales designed to describe and predict clinical status, normal personality instruments provide dimensional measures of personality traits. The use of psychopathology inventories that focus on patterns of responses that deviate from the norm has strong support for predicting diagnoses and assisting in the development of treatment plans. In contrast, measures of normal personality rely on trait constructs to explain patterns of behavior that can be observed in all individuals, not just those common in psychopathological groups. Costa and McCrae (1992a) suggested that measures of normal personality traits such as those of the five-factor model (FFM)—neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness—may enrich the understanding of a patient’s psychological and interpersonal functioning, thereby improving anticipated symptom course and treatment response. Over the past decade, a growing body of literature has emerged that shows normal personality dimensions such as those in the FFM can be theoretically and empirically linked to measures of psychopathology, most notably those that assess personality disorders (PDs; Reynolds & Clark, 2001; Trull, Widiger, & Burr, 2001; Widiger & Costa, 2002). Given that scores on measures of normal personality are related to paper-and-pencil tests commonly used to assess psychopathology, a central question regarding the usefulness of normal personality trait measures in clinical settings is the degree to which they provide unique, clinically relevant information beyond that available from psychopathology scales (Ben-Porath & Waller, 1992). The addition of an inventory to any test battery used for psychiatric assessment represents an investment of time and money that must be carefully balanced against what is gained in terms of predicting relevant outcomes. Although the inclusion of redundant assessments might improve the overall reliability of diagnostic judgments, this might also be achieved by adding alternative measures of psychopathology. Thus, evidence of the incremental validity of measures of normal personality is important for evaluating when the benefits outweigh the costs in a particular assessment situation. The purpose of the current study was to examine the extent to which adding a measure of normal personality to an assessment battery that includes a psychopathology personality inventory facilitates prediction of psychiatric disorders. This was evaluated in a large sample of inpatient substance abusers who had been assessed through well-validated structured clinical interviews to determine diagnostic criteria related to Axis I and Axis II disorders. Participants completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI–R; Costa & McCrae, 1992b) and the MMPI–2 (Butcher et al., 1989). Because the interviews were conducted without knowledge of scores on the personality inventories, the resulting diagnoses provided an independent criterion for examining the incremental validity of a normal personality measure in the prediction of selected Axis I and II diagnoses.

Cross-cultural replication of the five-factor model and comparison of the NEO-PI-R and MMPI-2 PSY-5 scales in a Dutch psychiatric sample.

Abstract: The authors investigated cross-cultural replicability of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality as represented by the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; P. T. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 1992) in a sample of 423 Dutch psychiatric patients. Also, NEO-PI-R domain scales were compared with the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5; A. R. Harkness & J. L. McNulty, 1994) scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (J. N. Butcher, W. G. Dahlstrom, J. R. Graham, A. Tellegen, & B. Kaemmer, 2002). Principal-components analysis with procrustean rotation confirmed the hypothesized structural similarity of the present sample with the U.S. normative factor scores. All of the hypothesized relations between NEO-PI-R and PSY-5 scales were confirmed. The results provide evidence for cross-cultural replicability of the FFM and for validity of the NEO-PI-R and PSY-5 constructs in the psychological assessment of psychiatric patients.

Positive impression management and its influence on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: a comparison of analog and differential prevalence group designs.

Abstract: Participants (n = 22) completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) as part of an authentic job application. Protocols produced by this group were compared with "analog" participants (n = 23) who completed the NEO PI-R under standard instructions and again under instructions designed to mimic the test-taking scenario of the job applicants (the "fake-good" condition). Participants completing the NEO PI-R under fake-good instructions and the job applicants scored lower on the Neuroticism and higher on the Extraversion scales than did the participants responding under standard instructions. Analog participants in the fake-good condition scored higher on the Extraversion and lower on the Agreeableness scales than did the job applicants. These results suggest that outcomes from analog designs are generalizable to real-world samples where response dissimulation is probable.

The neo pi-r, inwald personality inventory, and mmpi-2 in the prediction of police academy performance: A case for incremental validity

Abstract: The utility of personality inventories for predicting successful police officer performance is an important issue in the law enforcement employment selection process. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), the Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI), and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) for predicting police academy performance of 79 recruits. Results indicate that each inventory contributes significantly to prediction of academic performance in the academy, while only the NEO PI-R predicts physical performance. The addition of the NEO PI-R to selection processes that already incorporate the MMPI-2 and IPI may be useful for enhancing prediction of police officer performance.

Association study between dopamine D3 receptor gene variant and personality traits.

Abstract: Dopamine receptor gene variation has been hypothesized to influence personality traits characterized by novelty seeking and related traits. We analyzed a dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3) variant in a Swedish population (n = 373) investigated with one or more of several personality questionnaires. No significant relationships were found between DRD3 genotypes and any of the 15 Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and five Health-relevant Personality 5 factor inventory (HP5i) scales. The DRD3 variant was associated with some scales related to novelty seeking: the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) Adventure Seeking and the revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) Fantasy (O1) and Order (C2) scales. There were also associations with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) Cooperativeness and Compassion (C4) scales. After correction for multiple testing, however, no significant difference remained. We conclude that the investigated DRD3 polymorphism does not have a major impact on personality in the investigated population. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Transcription factor AP-2beta genotype associated with anxiety-related personality traits in women. A replication study.

Abstract: Attempts to link transmitter system genes to certain aspects of personality have been performed. Several monoamine-related gene variants have been investigated. We previously reported an association between a transcription factor activating protein-2β (AP-2β) variant and anxiety-related personality traits as estimated by Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). To confirm this reported association, we have, in the present study, analysed an enlarged group of healthy volunteers (n = 370) with regard to AP-2β genotype and personality traits. For estimation of personality traits, individuals completed 5 different personality questionnaires, i.e. Swedish Universities Scales of Personality (SSP), Health-Relevant 5- Factor Personality Inventory (HP5i), Temperament and Character Inventory, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and KSP. In contrast to men, women having two long AP-2β alleles displayed lower scores for muscular tension (KSP; F = 10.65, p = 0.0013), somatic trait anxiety (SSP; F = 7.18, p = 0.0081), trait irritability (SSP; F = 4.51, p = 0.032), mistrust (SSP; F = 4.01, p = 0.0468) and negative affectivity (HP5i; F = 10.20, p = 0.0017) than women with at least one short allele. The data presented in this study, together with our previously published data, suggest that AP-2β intron 2 genotype is associated with low levels of anxiety-related personality traits in women. Hence, these data further suggest the human AP-2β gene as a novel candidate gene in personality.

Two NOTCH4 polymorphisms and their relation to schizophrenia susceptibility and different personality traits.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Recently, linkage disequilibrium mapping of the major histocompatibility complex region on the short arm of human chromosome 6 suggested that the NOTCH4 locus is highly associated with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We analysed two polymorphisms in this gene in Swedish schizophrenic patients ( =74) and control subjects ( =135). The NOTCH4 variants were also analysed in schizophrenic patients with regard to subdiagnosis, age at first hospitalization, abuse/dependence of alcohol, solvents, or drugs, previous suicide attempts, extrapyramidal symptoms, treatment with anticholinergic drugs, and response to anti-psychotic drug treatment. Control subjects were scrutinized with regard to personality, another partially heritable trait suggested being of importance in schizophrenia. In addition, two intermediate endophenotypes suggested being of importance in schizophrenia, dopamine D(2) receptor density in striatum and monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid, respectively, were investigated with regard to the two NOTCH4 variants. RESULTS There was no significant association between the patients and the controls for the two investigated polymorphisms neither for the parameters analysed in the schizophrenia material. The NOTCH4 SNP2 variant, an A-->G substitution, was associated with the Karolinska Scales of Personality Irritability scale. The NOTCH4 (CTG)(n) variant was associated with the revised NEO personality inventory Extraversion and Activity (E4) scales. However, after correction for multiple testing, no difference remained significant. The results for the endophenotypes and the polymorphisms were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS The present study does not support that the investigated NOTCH4 variants have a major influence on susceptibility to schizophrenia or related neurobiological traits.

Relationship between WAIS-R intelligence and the five-factor model of personality in a normal elderly sample.

Abstract: The present study examined associations between Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) scores and the five-factor model of personality, as measured by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Both tests were administered to a nonclinical sample of 100 Italian subjects 75 years and older. Analysis showed that the NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience domain was a weak but the best predictor of the three WAIS-R intelligence scores (Total, Verbal, and Performance). Were such a relationship confirmed by further investigations, Openness could be interpreted as a factor which might mitigate intellectual impoverishment which accompanies the normal aging process.