Showing papers on "Secondary air injection published in 2011"

In-Situ Desaturation Test by Air Injection and Its Evaluation through Field Monitoring and Multiphase Flow Simulation

Abstract: Desaturation of ground by air injection attracts considerable attention in recent years as an innovative technique for a liquefaction countermeasure Several research programs were conducted in laboratories regarding the related topics This paper describes an in situ air-injection test that aims to examine the effectiveness of the air injection to desaturate ground and the validity of observation techniques to monitor the evolution of the unsaturated zone In the test, air was injected from an air injector deployed in a targeted saturated-sand layer at a depth of 6 m Observations revealed that the air-flow rate increased linearly with increasing air-injection pressure and the desaturated zone was generated within 4 m from the injection point A 3-dimensional electric resistivity tomography technique was effective for evaluation of the desaturated zone The degree of saturation of the in situ soil was observed by using high quality undisturbed samples obtained by the ground freezing method The degree of

Stoichiometric combustion of enriched air with exhaust gas recirculation

Abstract: Methods and systems for low emission power generation in hydrocarbon recovery processes are provided. One system includes a gas turbine system configured to stoichiometrically combust a compressed oxidant derived from enriched air and a fuel in the presence of a compressed recycle exhaust gas and expand the discharge in an expander to generate a recycle exhaust stream and drive a main compressor. A boost compressor receives and increases the pressure of the recycle exhaust stream and prior to being compressed in a compressor configured to generate the compressed recycle exhaust gas. To promote the stoichiometric combustion of the fuel and increase the CO2 content in the recycle exhaust gas, the enriched air can have an increased oxygen concentration.

Stoichiometric combustion with exhaust gas recirculation and direct contact cooler

Abstract: Methods and systems for low emission power generation in hydrocarbon recovery processes are provided. One system includes a gas turbine system configured to stoichiometrically combust a compressed oxidant and a fuel in the presence of a compressed recycle exhaust gas and expand the discharge in an expander to generate a gaseous exhaust stream and drive a main compressor. A boost compressor can receive and increase the pressure of the gaseous exhaust stream and inject it into an evaporative cooling tower configured to use an exhaust nitrogen gas having a low relative humidity as an evaporative cooling media. The cooled gaseous exhaust stream is then compressed and recirculated through the system as a diluent to moderate the temperature of the stoichiometric combustion.

Rich fuel mixture super-turbocharged engine system

Abstract: Disclosed is a super-turbocharger system that increases power and efficiency of an engine. The system uses the exothermic properties of a catalytic converter to extract additional energy from exhaust heat that is used to add power to the engine. Compressed air is supplied and mixed with exhaust gases upstream and/or downstream from a catalytic converter that is connected to an exhaust manifold. The gaseous mixture of exhaust gases and compressed air is sufficiently rich in oxygen to oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the catalytic converter, which adds heat to the gaseous mixture. In addition, a sufficient amount of compressed air is supplied to the exhaust gases to maintain the temperature of the gaseous mixture at a substantially optimal temperature level. The gaseous mixture is applied to the turbine of the super-turbocharger, which increases the output of said super-turbocharger, which increases the power and efficiency of said engine.

Vehicle pneumatic booster system operating method and apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving vehicle performance by application of pneumatic boost to vehicle engines, including diesel engines having at least one turbocharger supplying air to the engine, in a manner which increases engine torque output while minimizing the potential for exceed various operating limits to the maximum practicable extent. The vehicle's pneumatic booster system controller implements strategies for shaping the rate of the air injection during a boost event, tailoring the air injection to obtain maximum engine torque output while respecting the operating limits, by controlling the timing, duration, quantity and/or injection pattern during a boost event to achieve a refined distribution of compressed air injection over the course of the boost event to provide desired engine torque output and fuel efficiency while minimizing the potential for exceeding a wide variety of operation limits, regulatory, engineering and passenger comfort limits.

Exhaust bypass system for turbocharged engine with dedicated exhaust gas recirculation

Abstract: A turbocharger assembly for an internal combustion engine includes a bypass valve for controlling a flow of exhaust gas from a second group of exhaust ports of a cylinder head assembly. When disposed in an open position, the bypass valve allows exhaust gas from the second group of exhaust ports to combine with exhaust gas from a first group of exhaust ports to spin a turbine of the turbocharger assembly. When disposed in a closed position, the bypass valve forces the exhaust gas from the second group of exhaust ports through an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) passage to an intake manifold to establish a dedicated EGR system.

Control method of internal combustion engine

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preferably controlling an internal combustion engine by precisely estimating a current value of a temperature of an exhaust device of an internal combustion engine provided with a variable valve, an exhaust turbo supercharger and the like, and controlling an affector of a temperature of an exhaust gas on the basis of a difference between a reference value of the exhaust device temperature and the current value of the exhaust device temperature. The method computes a temperature of an exhaust gas on the basis of a rotating speed, a charging efficiency, an ignition timing, an equivalent ratio, an external EGR rate, an exhaust valve opening timing, and a supercharging pressure, estimates a temperature of an exhaust device on the basis of the exhaust gas temperature, an amount of an intake air, a temperature of a fluid around the exhaust device and a flow rate around the exhaust device, and transiently corrects at least one of the ignition timing, the equivalent ratio, the external EGR rate, and the exhaust valve opening timing, on the basis of the estimation value and the reference value.

Integrated exhaust cylinder head

Abstract: An engine cooling system is provided. The engine cooling system includes a cylinder head including an integrated exhaust manifold that directs exhaust gases to an exhaust outlet port and a coolant passage surrounding the exhaust manifold. The engine cooling system further includes a cluster of separated exhaust passages for directing exhaust gases to the exhaust outlet port, the cluster including a drill hole disposed within material between the exhaust passages, the drill hole fluidically coupled to the coolant passage.

Centrifugal study of zone of influence during air-sparging

Abstract: Air sparging (AS) is one of the groundwater remediation techniques for remediating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in saturated soil. However, in spite of the success of air sparging as a remediation technique for the cleanup of contaminated soils, to date, the fundamental mechanisms or the physics of air flow through porous media is not well understood. In this study, centrifugal modeling tests were performed to investigate air flow rates and the evolution of the zone of influence during the air sparging under various g-levels. The test results show that with the increase in sparging pressure the mass flow rate of the air sparging volume increases. The air mass flow rate increases linearly with the effective sparging pressure ratio, which is the difference between sparging pressure and hydrostatic pressure normalized with respect to the effective overburden pressure at the sparging point. Also the slope of mass flow rate with effective sparging pressure ratio increases with higher g-levels. This variation of the slope of mass flow rate of air sparging volume versus effective sparging pressure ratio, M, is linear with g-level confirming that the air flow through soil for a given effective sparging pressure ratio only depends on the g-level. The test results also show that with increasing sparging pressure, the zone of influence (ZOI), which consists of the width at the tip of the cone or lateral intrusion and the cone angle, will lead to an increase in both lateral intrusion and the cone angle. With a further increase in air injection pressure, the cone angle reaches a constant value while the lateral intrusion becomes the main contributor to the enlargement of the ZOI. However, beyond a certain value of effective sparging pressure ratio, there is no further enlargement of the ZOI.

Multi-leg exhaust aftertreatment system and method

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system for treating exhaust flow from an internal combustion engine, and associated method, allows for independent control of exhaust flow through plural exhaust legs of the exhaust aftertreatment system. The independent control of exhaust flow is carried out by adjusting a valve positioned in each the exhaust legs based on a value of a signal generated by a flow measurement device positioned along at least one of the exhaust legs. The valves can be adjusted to force a target flow in a exhaust leg, relative flow among exhaust legs, exhaust temperature in an exhaust leg, exhaust backpressure and/or imbalance within the exhaust legs.

Air-cooled fuel cell vehicle

Abstract: The cooling performance on an air-cooled fuel cell and a radiator for cooling electrical equipment is improved in an air-cooled fuel cell vehicle. The air-cooled fuel cell includes: air inlets respectively at both side portions in a vehicle width direction; and air outlets and an exhaust duct at a central portion in the vehicle width direction, the exhaust duct configured to discharge air flowing out of the air outlets to a rear side of the vehicle. Intake ducts extending toward the front portion of the vehicle are respectively connected to the air inlets. Air intake ports of the intake ducts are respectively opened at both side portions, in the vehicle width direction, of a radiator and at positions closer to the front portion of the vehicle than the radiator.

Particle Filter Arrangement

Abstract: A particle filter arrangement for filtering exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine such as a diesel internal combustion engine, includes an inlet and an outlet and at least one particle filter arranged in the flow path of the exhaust gases between the inlet and outlet. The exhaust gases are conducted in a line, with the line having a first segment in which the exhaust gases are conducted substantially in the direction of the outlet. The line has a second segment in which the exhaust gases are conducted substantially in the direction of the inlet. An operating temperature of the arrangement sufficiently high to prevent full loading of the filter is generated particularly quickly in that the line also includes a third segment in which the exhaust gases are conducted substantially in the direction of the outlet.

Exhaust system for internal combustion engines with particle filter

Abstract: An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine is provided. The system comprises an exhaust tract which is connectable to an outlet side of the internal combustion engine, at least one catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust tract downstream of the engine, a particle filter downstream of the at least one catalytic converter, and a secondary-air inlet port provided in the exhaust tract upstream of the particle filter for introducing compressed secondary air into the exhaust tract via at least one flutter valve. In this way, additional oxygen may be supplied to the particulate filter to perform filter regeneration.

Injection system for a turbine engine combustion chamber, including air injection means improving the air-fuel mixture

Abstract: The invention relates to system for injecting air and fuel (62) for the bottom of an annular combustion chamber of a turbine engine, including a central injector (26) and a peripheral annular fuel injector (43) including at least one fuel ejection opening (44) provided in an annular wall (38) and leading into a peripheral annular channel (52) separated from a central channel (30) by said annular wall (38) and provided with an annular air intake space (53), said system further including a plurality of air ejection openings (64) provided in said annular wall (38) downstream from the fuel ejection opening(s) (44) on the basis of the flow of said air flow, for an additional injection of air into said channel (52).

System for correcting turbo lag

Abstract: A system for correcting turbo lag may include an engine provided with a plurality of cylinders, an intake manifold for supplying air to the plurality of cylinders, and an exhaust manifold for exhausting exhaust gas generated in the plurality of cylinders, an intake passage connected to the intake manifold so as to supply fresh air to the intake manifold, an exhaust passage connected to the exhaust manifold so as to exhaust the exhaust gas gathered in the exhaust manifold, a turbo charger provided with a turbine mounted at the exhaust manifold or the exhaust passage and rotated by the exhaust gas and a first compressor mounted at the intake passage and connected to the turbine so as to rotate with the turbine and compress the air of the intake passage, a bypass passage branching off at a first point of the intake passage and joining the intake passage at a second point of the intake passage downstream of the first point, a second compressor mounted at the bypass passage and compressing the air passing through the bypass passage, and driving means generating power for operating the second compressor and selectively supplying the power to the second compressor through a power delivery device.

Particulate-matter processing device

Abstract: An excessively large electric current is suppressed from flowing to an electrode. A particulate matter processing apparatus in which a processing part with an electrode installed therein is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine, wherein particulate matter is caused to aggregate by generating a potential difference between the electrode and the processing part, is provided with a power supply that is connected to the electrode and applies a voltage thereto, a current detection device that detects an electric current which passes through the electrode, an air fuel ratio detection device that detects or estimates an air fuel ratio of an exhaust gas which flows through the exhaust passage, and a voltage control device that makes the voltage applied to the electrode from the power supply smaller in cases where the air fuel ratio detected by the air fuel ratio detection device is a rich air fuel ratio, than in cases where it is a stoichiometric air fuel ratio or a lean air fuel ratio.

Large two-cycle diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an exhaust gas recirculation system for a cross head type large two-cycle diesel engine for a vessel. SOLUTION: This exhaust gas recirculation system includes: a wet scrubber 15 including a plurality of cylinders 2 respectively connected to an exhaust receiver and an exhaust gas recirculation flow passage 13 for supplying a part of the exhaust gas to a scavenging flow to control emission of the recirculation exhaust gas; a cooling machine 16 for cooling the exhaust gas to a temperature, at which at least a part of the steam included in the recirculation exhaust gas condenses; a condensed water eliminating device; and a blower 17 provided in the exhaust gas recirculation flow passage. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Effects of split injection, oxygen enriched air and heavy EGR on soot emissions in a diesel engine

Abstract: The effects of split injection, oxygen enriched air, and heavy exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on soot emissions in a direct injection diesel engine were studied using the KIVA-3V code. When split injection is applied, the second injection of fuel into a cylinder results in two separate stoichiometric zones, which helps soot oxidation. As a result, soot emissions are decreased. When oxygen enriched air is applied together with split injection, a higher concentration of oxygen causes higher temperatures in the cylinder. The increase in temperature promotes the growth reaction of acetylene with soot. However, it does not improve acetylene formation during the second injection of fuel. As more acetylene is consumed in the growth reaction with soot, the concentration of acetylene in the cylinder is decreased, which leads to a decrease in soot formation and thus soot emissions. A combination of split injection, a high concentration of oxygen, and a high EGR ratio shows the best results in terms of diesel emissions. In this paper, the split injection scheme of 75.8.25, in which 75% of total fuel is injected in the first pulse, followed by 8°CA of dwell time, and 25% of fuel is injected in the second pulse, with an oxygen concentration of 23% in volume and an EGR ratio of 30% shows a 45% reduction in soot emissions, with the same NOx emissions as in single injection.

System and method for a gas turbine exhaust diffuser

Abstract: In one aspect, an exhaust diffuser for a gas turbine is disclosed. The exhaust diffuser may generally include an inner casing and an outer casing spaced radially apart from the inner casing so as to define a passage for receiving exhaust gases of the gas turbine. Additionally, the exhaust diffuser may include a fluid outlet configured to inject a fluid into the exhaust gases flowing through the passage.

Exhaust purification device and exhaust purification method for diesel engine

Abstract: Disclosed are: an exhaust purification device for a diesel engine, which is reduced in size and capable of effectively using the heat of the exhaust gas by contriving an arrangement of various post-processing units; and an exhaust purification method using the exhaust purification device for a diesel engine. Specifically disclosed is an exhaust purification device (17) which comprises: an oxidation catalyst (19) that is arranged in an exhaust passage (7) of a diesel engine (1) and removes CO and HC contained in the exhaust gas; a urea spraying nozzle (22) that is arranged in the downstream of the oxidation catalyst (19) so as to produce ammonia by spraying urea water into the exhaust gas; a turbine (13) of a turbo charger (9), said turbine (13) being arranged in the downstream of the urea spraying nozzle (22) so as to accelerate the decomposition of urea by stirring the sprayed urea water; a selective reduction catalyst (23) that is arranged in the downstream of the turbine (13) so as to detoxify NOx in the exhaust gas through a reduction reaction with ammonia; and a DPF (20) that is arranged in the downstream of the selective reduction catalyst (23) so as to collect PM in the exhaust gas.

A column-type septum photobioreactor for high-dense microalgae cultivation and efficient harvest

Abstract: PURPOSE: A photo bioreactor for culturing microalgae is provided to effectively dissolve carbon source in a culture medium and to easily culture the microalgae at high density. CONSTITUTION: A photo bioreactor for culturing microalgae comprises: a microalgae culture reactor(10) having a medium outlet(12) at the predetermined site on the bottom; a reactor stopper(20) which is detachably coupled at the upper end of the reactor; a culture medium inlet pipe(22) and air discharging pipe(24) which are inserted to the inside of the reactor; and an air injection unit(30) which is detachably coupled on the bottom of the reaction and supplies air or exhaust air to the inside of the reactor.

Time-resolved 3D visualization of air injection in a liquid-saturated refractive-index-matched porous medium

Abstract: The main goal of this work is to implement and validate a visualization method with a given temporal/spatial resolution to obtain the dynamic three-dimensional (3D) structure of an air plume injected into a deformable liquid-saturated porous medium. The air plume develops via continuous air injection through an orifice at the bottom of a loose packing of crushed silica grains. The packing is saturated by a glycerin-water solution having the same refractive index and placed in a rectangular glass container. By using high-speed image acquisition through laser scanning, the dynamic air plume is recorded by sequential tomographic imaging. Due to the overlap between adjacent laser sheets and the light reflection, air bubbles are multiply exposed in the imaging along the scanning direction. Four image processing methods are presented for the removal of these redundant pixels arising from multiple exposure. The respective results are discussed by comparing the reconstructed air plume volume with the injected one and by evaluating the morphological consistency of the obtained air plume. After processing, a 3D dynamic air flow pattern can be obtained, allowing a quantitative analysis of the air flow dynamics on pore-scale. In the present experimental configuration, the temporal resolution is 0.1 s and the spatial resolution is 0.17 mm in plane and about 1 mm out of plane of the laser sheet.