Showing papers on "Semantic Web Rule Language published in 2006"

Automated semantic web service discovery with OWLS-MX

Abstract: We present an approach to hybrid semantic Web service matching that complements logic based reasoning with approximate matching based on syntactic IR based similarity computations. The hybrid matchmaker, called OWLS-MX, applies this approach to services and requests specified in OWL-S. Experimental results of measuring performance and scalability of different variants of OWLS-MX show that under certain constraints logic based only approaches to OWL-S service I/O matching can be significantly outperformed by hybrid ones.

Ontology-based assembly design and information sharing for collaborative product development

Abstract: To realize a truly collaborative product design and development process, effective communication among design collaborators is a must. In other words, the design intent that is imposed in a product design should be seized and interpreted properly; heterogeneous modeling terms should be semantically processed both by design collaborators and intelligent systems. Ontologies in the Semantic Web can explicitly represent semantics and promote integrated and consistent access to data and services. Thus, if an ontology is used in a heterogeneous and distributed design collaboration, it will explicitly and persistently represent engineering relations that are imposed in an assembly design. Design intent can be captured by reasoning, and, in turn, as reasoned facts, it can be propagated and shared with design collaborators. This paper presents a new paradigm of ontology-based assembly design. In the framework, an assembly design (AsD) ontology serves as a formal, explicit specification of assembly design so that it makes assembly knowledge both machine-interpretable and to be shared. An Assembly Relation Model (ARM) is enhanced using ontologies that represent engineering, spatial, assembly, and joining relations of assembly in a way that promotes collaborative assembly information-sharing environments. In the developed AsD ontology, implicit AsD constraints are explicitly represented using OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). This paper shows that the ability of the AsD ontology to be reasoned can capture both assembly and joining intents by a demonstration with a realistic mechanical assembly. Finally, this paper presents a new assembly design information-sharing framework and an assembly design browser for a collaborative product development.

The web service modeling language WSML: an overview

Abstract: The Web Service Modeling Language (WSML) is a language for the specification of different aspects of Semantic Web Services. It provides a formal language for the Web Service Modeling Ontology WSMO which is based on well-known logical formalisms, specifying one coherent language framework for the semantic description of Web Services, starting from the intersection of Datalog and the Description Logic ${\mathcal SHIQ}$. This core language is extended in the directions of Description Logics and Logic Programming in a principled manner with strict layering. WSML distinguishes between conceptual and logical modeling in order to support users who are not familiar with formal logic, while not restricting the expressive power of the language for the expert user. IRIs play a central role in WSML as identifiers. Furthermore, WSML defines XML and RDF serializations for inter-operation over the Semantic Web.

Debugging and repair of owl ontologies

Abstract: With the advent of Semantic Web languages such as OWL (Web Ontology Language), the expressive Description Logic SHOIN is exposed to a wider audience of ontology users and developers. As an increasingly large number of OWL ontologies become available on the Semantic Web and the descriptions in the ontologies become more complicated, finding the cause of errors becomes an extremely hard task even for experts. The problem is worse for newcomers to OWL who have little or no experience with DL-based knowledge representation. Existing ontology development environments, in conjunction with a reasoner, provide some limited debugging support, however this is restricted to merely reporting errors in the ontology, whereas bug diagnosis and resolution is usually left to the user. In this thesis, I present a complete end-to-end framework for explaining, pinpointing and repairing semantic defects in OWL-DL ontologies (or in other words, SHOIN a knowledge base). Semantic defects are logical contradictions that manifest as either inconsistent ontologies or unsatisfiable concepts. Where possible, I show extensions to handle related defects such as unsatisfiable roles, unintended entailments and non-entailments, or defects in OWL ontologies that fall outside the DL scope (OWL-Full). The main contributions of the thesis include: (1) Definition of three novel OWL-DL debugging/repair services: Axiom Pinpointing, Root Error Pinpointing and Ontology Repair. This includes formalizing the notion of precise justifications for arbitrary OWL entailments (used to identify the cause of the error), root/derived unsatisfiable concepts (used to prune the error space) and semantic/syntactic relevance of axioms (used to rank erroneous axioms). (2) Design and Analysis of decision procedures (both glass-box or reasoner dependent, and black-box or reasoner independent) for implementing the services. (3) Performance and Usability evaluation of the services on realistic OWL-DL ontologies, which demonstrate its practical use and significance for OWL ontology modelers and users.

BayesOWL: Uncertainty Modeling in Semantic Web Ontologies

Abstract: It is always essential but di±cult to capture incomplete, partial or uncertain knowledge when using ontologies to conceptualize an application domain or to achieve semantic interoperability among heterogeneous systems. This chapter presents an on-going research on developing a framework which augments and supplements the semantic web ontology language OWL for representing and reasoning with uncertainty based on Bayesian networks (BN), and its application in ontology mapping.

Semantic analytics on social networks: experiences in addressing the problem of conflict of interest detection

Abstract: In this paper, we describe a Semantic Web application that detects Conflict of Interest (COI) relationships among potential reviewers and authors of scientific papers. This application discovers various 'semantic associations' between the reviewers and authors in a populated ontology to determine a degree of Conflict of Interest. This ontology was created by integrating entities and relationships from two social networks, namely "knows," from a FOAF (Friend-of-a-Friend) social network and "co-author," from the underlying co-authorship network of the DBLP bibliography. We describe our experiences developing this application in the context of a class of Semantic Web applications, which have important research and engineering challenges in common. In addition, we present an evaluation of our approach for real-life COI detection.

Characterizing the semantic web on the web

Abstract: Semantic Web languages are being used to represent, encode and exchange semantic data in many contexts beyond the Web – in databases, multiagent systems, mobile computing, and ad hoc networking environments. The core paradigm, however, remains what we call the Web aspect of the Semantic Web – its use by independent and distributed agents who publish and consume data on the World Wide Web. To better understand this central use case, we have harvested and analyzed a collection of Semantic Web documents from an estimated ten million available on the Web. Using a corpus of more than 1.7 million documents comprising over 300 million RDF triples, we describe a number of global metrics, properties and usage patterns. Most of the metrics, such as the size of Semantic Web documents and the use frequency of Semantic Web terms, were found to follow a power law distribution.

Querix: A Natural Language Interface to Query Ontologies Based on Clarification Dialogs

Abstract: The logic-based machine-understandable framework of the Semantic Web typically challenges casual users when they try to query ontologies. An often proposed solution to help casual users is the use of natural language interfaces. Such tools, however, suffer from one of the biggest problems of natural language: ambiguities. Furthermore, the systems are hardly adaptable to new domains. This paper addresses these issues by presenting Querix, a domain-independent natural language interface for the Semantic Web. The approach allows queries in natural language, thereby asking the user for clarification in case of ambiguities. The preliminary evaluation showed good retrieval performance.

The Web Service Modeling Language WSML : An Overview

Abstract: The Web Service Modeling Language (WSML) is a language for the specification of different aspects of Semantic Web Services. It provides a formal language for the Web Service Modeling Ontology WSMO which is based on well-known logical formalisms, specifying one coherent language framework for the semantic description of Web Services, starting from the intersection of Datalog and the Description Logic S-HIQ. This core language is extended in the directions of Description Logics and Logic Programming in a principled manner with strict layering. WSML distinguishes between conceptual and logical modeling in order to support users who are not familiar with formal logic, while not restricting the expressive power of the language for the expert user. IRIs play a central role in WSML as identifiers. Furthermore, WSML defines XML and RDF serializations for inter-operation over the Semantic Web.

Uncertainty and the Semantic Web

Abstract: The semantic Web must handle information from applications that have special knowledge representation needs and that face uncertain, imprecise knowledge. More precisely, some applications deal with random information and events, others deal with imprecise and fuzzy knowledge, and still others deal with missing or distorted information - resulting in uncertainty. To deal with uncertainty in the semantic Web and its applications, many researchers have proposed extending OWL and the description logic (DL) formalisms with special mathematical frameworks. Researchers have proposed probabilistic, possibilistic, and fuzzy extensions, among others. Researchers have studied fuzzy extensions most extensively, providing impressive results on semantics, reasoning algorithms, and implementations. Building on these results, we've created a fuzzy extension to OWL called Fuzzy OWL. Fuzzy OWL can capture imprecise and vague knowledge. Moreover, our reasoning platform, fuzzy reasoning engine (FiRE), lets Fuzzy OWL capture and reason about such knowledge

Can OWL and logic programming live together happily ever after

Abstract: Logic programming (LP) is often seen as a way to overcome several shortcomings of the Web Ontology Language (OWL), such as the inability to model integrity constraints or perform closed-world querying However, the open-world semantics of OWL seems to be fundamentally incompatible with the closed-world semantics of LP This has sparked a heated debate in the Semantic Web community, resulting in proposals for alternative ontology languages based entirely on logic programming To help resolving this debate, we investigate the practical use cases which seem to be addressed by logic programming In fact, many of these requirements have already been addressed outside the Semantic Web By drawing inspiration from these existing formalisms, we present a novel logic of hybrid MKNF knowledge bases, which seamlessly integrates OWL with LP We are thus capable of addressing the identified use cases without a radical change in the architecture of the Semantic Web

PowerAqua: fishing the semantic web

Abstract: The Semantic Web (SW) offers an opportunity to develop novel, sophisticated forms of question answering (QA). Specifically, the availability of distributed semantic markup on a large scale opens the way to QA systems which can make use of such semantic information to provide precise, formally derived answers to questions. At the same time the distributed, heterogeneous, large-scale nature of the semantic information introduces significant challenges. In this paper we describe the design of a QA system, PowerAqua, designed to exploit semantic markup on the web to provide answers to questions posed in natural language. PowerAqua does not assume that the user has any prior information about the semantic resources. The system takes as input a natural language query, translates it into a set of logical queries, which are then answered by consulting and aggregating information derived from multiple heterogeneous semantic sources.

A Defeasible Logic Reasoner for the Semantic Web

Abstract: Defeasible reasoning is a rule-based approach for efficient reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. Such reasoning is, among others, useful for ontology integration, where conflicting information arises naturally; and for the modeling of business rules and policies, where rules with exceptions are often used. This paper describes these scenarios in more detail, and reports on the implementation of a system for defeasible reasoning on the Web. The system is called DR-DEVICE and is capable of reasoning about RDF metadata over multiple Web sources using defeasible logic rules. The system is implemented on top of CLIPS production rule system and builds upon R-DEVICE, an earlier deductive rule system over RDF metadata that also supports derived attribute and aggregate attribute rules. Rules can be expressed either in a native CLIPS-like language, or in an extension of the OO-RuleML syntax. The operational semantics of defeasible logic are implemented through compilation into the generic rule language of R-DEVICE. The paper also briefly presents a semantic web broker example for apartment renting.

Semantic Web Service Discovery in the OWL-S IDE

Abstract: The increasing availability of web services necessitates efficient discovery and execution framework. The use of xml at various levels of web services standards poses challenges to the above process. OWL-S is a service ontology and language, whose semantics are based on OWL. The semantics provided by OWL support greater automation of service selection, invocation, translation of message content between heterogeneous services, and service composition. The development and consumption of an OWL-S based web service is time consuming and error prone. OWL-S IDE assists developers in the semantic web service development, deployment and consumption processes. In order to achieve this the OWL-S IDE uses and extends existing web service tools. In this paper we will look in detail at the support for discovery for semantic web services. We also present the matching schemes, the implementation and the results of performance evaluation.

Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer: Decentralized Management and Exchange of Knowledge and Information

Abstract: Part I: Data Storage and Access An RDF Query and Transformation Language RDF and Traditional Query Architectures Query Processing in RDF/S-based Peer-to-Peer Database Systems- Part II: Querying the Network Cayley DHTs A Group-Theoretic Framework for Analyzing DHTs Based on Cayley Graphs Semantic Query Routing in Unstructured Networks Using Social Metaphors Expertise-Based Peer Selection Personalized Information Access in a Bibliographic Peer-to-Peer System Designing Semantic Publish/Subscribe Networks Using Super-Peers- Part III: Semantic Integration Semantic Coordination of Heterogeneous Classification Schemas Semantic Mapping by Approximation Satisficing Ontology Mapping Scalable, Peer-Based Mediation across XML Schemas and Ontologies Semantic Gossiping: Fostering Semantic Interoperability in Peer Data Management Systems- Part IV: Methodology and Systems A Methodology for Distributed Knowledge Management using Ontologies and Peer-to-Peer Distributed Engineering of Ontologies A Peer-to-Peer Solution for Distributed Knowledge Management Xarop - A Semantic Peer-to-Peer System for a Virtual Organization Bibster - A Semantics-Based Bibliographic Peer-to-Peer System

Mapping between Relational Database Schema and OWL Ontology for Deep Annotation

Abstract: Creating mappings between database schema and Web ontology is a preconditioning process in the generation of ontological annotations for dynamic Web page contents extracted from the database. In this paper, a practical approach to creating mappings between a relational database schema and an OWL ontology is presented. The approach can automatically construct the mappings by following a set of predefined heuristic rules based on the conceptual correspondences between the schema and the ontology. This automatic mapping is implemented as the core functionality in a prototype tool D2OMapper that has some assistant functions to help the user manually create and maintain the mappings. Case studies show that the proposed approach is effective and the produced mappings can be applied to semantic annotation of database-based, dynamic Web pages.

Security Attack Ontology for Web Services

Abstract: Web services (WS) have become a significant part of the Web because of such attractive features as simple to use, platform independence, and XML/SOAP support. However, these features make WS vulnerable to many new and inherited old security threats. Semantic WS, which are capable of publishing semantic data about their functional and nonfunctional properties, add even more security issues. Now, it becomes easier to attack WS because their semantic data is publicly available. To register and prevent these attacks, especially distributed attacks, new distributed firewalls and intrusion detection systems (F/IDS) have to be applied. However, these F/IDS can be developed by different vendors and they do not have the way to cooperate with each other. This problem can be solved if various F/IDS share a common vocabulary, which can be based on ontologies, to allow them to interact with each other. In this paper, we describe WS security threats and state that they have to be analysed and classified systematically in order to allow the development of better distributed defensive mechanisms for WS using F/IDS. We choose ontologies and OWL/OWL-S over taxonomies because ontologies allow different parties to evolve and share a common understanding of information which can be reasoned and analysed automatically. We develop the security attack ontology for WS and illustrate the benefits of using it with an example.

SEMAPLAN: combining planning with semantic matching to achieve web service composition

Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel algorithm to compose Web services in the presence of semantic ambiguity by combining semantic matching and AI planning algorithms. We use cues from domain-independent and domain-specific ontologies to compute an overall semantic similarity score between ambiguous terms. This semantic similarity score is used by AI planning algorithms to guide the searching process when composing services. Experimental results indicate that planning with semantic matching produces better results than planning or semantic matching alone. The solution is suitable for semi-automated composition tools or directory browsers.

The Pathetic Fallacy of RDF

Abstract: The most popular visualization of RDF - the underlying language to represent the Semantic Web – is a Great Big Graph (GBG) or Big Fat Graph (BFG) if one prefers. By graph, we mean representations with nodes and edges to model the relationships within the space represented. Why are they the default representation? The answer that is usually proferred is that the Semantic Web is a Graph, ipso facto we use graphs to represent it. This notion that data should be presented to the user as it is represented in the computer is what we propose as the pathetic fallacy of RDF. In the following discussion, we consider examples of the pathetic fallacy in terms of the interaction challenge of * what knowledge these graphs communicate, * what tasks they support, and * whether these are the optimal paradigms for these representations/tasks. From this context, we investigate the question, are graphs the main default representation for the Semantic Web and if not, how might we think about formalized representations for the Semantic Web in order to make accessible the promised benefits of the Semantic Web for knowledge building.

Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer

Abstract: Part I: Data Storage and Access. An RDF Query and Transformation Language. RDF and Traditional Query Architectures. Query Processing in RDF/S-based Peer-to-Peer Database Systems.- Part II: Querying the Network. Cayley DHTs. A Group-Theoretic Framework for Analyzing DHTs Based on Cayley Graphs. Semantic Query Routing in Unstructured Networks Using Social Metaphors. Expertise-Based Peer Selection. Personalized Information Access in a Bibliographic Peer-to-Peer System. Designing Semantic Publish/Subscribe Networks Using Super-Peers.- Part III: Semantic Integration. Semantic Coordination of Heterogeneous Classification Schemas. Semantic Mapping by Approximation. Satisficing Ontology Mapping. Scalable, Peer-Based Mediation across XML Schemas and Ontologies. Semantic Gossiping: Fostering Semantic Interoperability in Peer Data Management Systems.- Part IV: Methodology and Systems. A Methodology for Distributed Knowledge Management using Ontologies and Peer-to-Peer. Distributed Engineering of Ontologies. A Peer-to-Peer Solution for Distributed Knowledge Management. Xarop - A Semantic Peer-to-Peer System for a Virtual Organization. Bibster - A Semantics-Based Bibliographic Peer-to-Peer System.

SMORE -Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor

Abstract: : The promise of the Semantic Web is founded on the principle that online content will be semantically annotated, creating machine-understandable content using interlinking ontologies. In keeping with this principle, we introduce SMORE, the Semantic Markup, Ontology, and RDF Editor. It provides users with an integrated environment for creating web pages, email, and other online content while facilitating inline, seamless semantic markup. The rich features of SMORE extend its capabilities beyond that of other annotation tools available. For instance, in addition to combining content creation and annotation, SMORE allows users to mark up parts of images using SVG. Users also have a number of options to collect information from the web, including an advanced ontology search capability, web scraping, and a semantic Virtual portal that provides links to semantically related material. This, combined with the unique ability to defer markup using place holders, use and extend multiple ontologies, infer classification for ad hoc objects, and interlink concepts makes SMORE a unique tool that will benefit both users and the future of the semantic web.

A Metamodel and UML Profile for Rule-Extended OWL DL Ontologies

Abstract: In this paper we present a MOF compliant metamodel and UML profile for the Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) that integrates with our previous work on a metamodel and UML profile for OWL DL. Based on this metamodel and profile, UML tools can be used for visual modeling of rule-extended ontologies.

Bringing Relational Data into the SemanticWeb using SPARQL and Relational.OWL

Abstract: Despite all the efforts to build up a Semantic Web, where each machine can understand and interpret the data it processes, information is usually still stored in ordinary relational databases. Semantic Web applications needing access to such semantically unexploited data, have to create their own manual relational database to Semantic Web mappings. In this paper we analyze, whether the combination of Relational.OWL as a Semantic Web representation of relational databases and a semantic query language like SPARQL could be an alternative. The benefits of such an approach are clear, since it enables Semantic Web applications to access and query data actually stored in relational databases using their own built-in functionality.

Agency and the Semantic Web

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Integrating Databases into the Semantic Web through an Ontology-Based Framework

Abstract: To realize the Semantic Web, it will be necessary to make existing database content available for emerging Semantic Web applications, such as web agents and services, which use ontologies to formally define the semantics of their data. Our research in the design and implementation of an ontology-based system, OntoGrate, addresses the critical and challenging problem of supporting human experts in multiple domains to interactively integrate information that is heterogenous in both structure and semantics. Databases, knowledge bases, the World Wide Web, and the emerging Semantic Web are some of the resources for which scalable integration remains a challenge. To integrate databases into the Semantic Web, we use Semantic Web ontologies to incorporate database schemas. An expressive first order ontology language, Web-PDDL, is used to define the structure, semantics, and mappings of data resources. A powerful inference engine, OntoEngine, can be used for query answering and data translation. In this paper, besides introducing new ideas in the OntoGrate system, we will elaborate on two case studies for which our system works well.