Showing papers on "Sodium sulfate published in 1985"

Process for producing glass microspheres

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing hollow glass microspheres. According to embodiments of the invention, particles of a soda-lime-silica glass containing slight amounts of sulfur compounds are suspended in a gaseous current and expanded in a burner, at a treatment temperature at least 100° C. above the working temperature at which the specific type of glass constituting the treated particles is made from its raw materials, such as sand, lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and others, depending on the particular type of glass. The process makes it possible to increase the yield of the transformation of the particles.

The Leaching of Hematite in Acid Solutions

Abstract: The reactions of hematite in aqueous hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid solutions with or without the addition of common or uncommon salts were studied using monosized particulates in a well-stirred reactor and dilute solid concentration to obtain fundamental details of the reaction kinetics. The experimental rate data suggest that the entire leaching reaction is controlled by a chemical process. The leaching rate of hematite was seen to be first order with respect to hydrogen ion activity, a(H+), in hydrochloric acid or perchloric acid solutions, with or without the addition of common salts, while the rate was of a half order in sulfuric acid solutions with or without the addition of sodium sulfate. A theoretical analysis showed that the anions next to the surface in the double layer were chloride ion and perchlorate ion in hydrochloric acid and perchloric acid solutions, respectively, and sulfate ion in sulfuric acid solutions, with or without the addition of sodium sulfate. The fact that the leaching rates of hematite were quite different in various acids having identical α(H+ values indicates the importance of anion adsorption. The dependency of the leaching rate upon α(H+) appeared to be controlled by adsorbed anions next to the surface in the double layer.

Interaction of warfarin with human serum albumin. A stoichiometric description.

Abstract: Reversible binding of warfarin to defatted serum albumin was studied by equilibrium dialysis at pH 7.4, in a 66 mM sodium phosphate buffer at 37 degrees. The binding isotherm could be described by two stoichiometric binding constants, K1 in the range 141,000 to 192,000 M-1 and K2 at 39,000 to 57,000 M-1. At least two additional molecules could be bound but gave indeterminate binding constants. The product K3 X K4 was about 4.7 X 10(7) M-2. Different site models were possible, either one high affinity and several low affinity sites, or two high affinity sites, cooperative, independent, or anticooperative, together with two low affinity sites. Binding affinity for the first warfarin molecule did not vary with pH in the interval from 6 to 9. The affinity decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and calcium chloride, depending upon ionic strength. Specific effects of chloride and calcium ions were not observed. Light absorption spectra indicated that the warfarin anion was bound to albumin. All observations were consistent with a binding process involving albumin and the warfarin anion, without participation of hydrogen ions and not influenced by the N-B conformational transition of albumin.

Animal litter formulation

Abstract: Anhydrous sodium sulfate is employed as an additive to animal litters formed from mineral, cellulosic, or chlorophyll-containing base materials. The amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate added is from approximately 0.5 to 4 parts for each 100 parts of the base material of the litter formulation. Additionally, an additive composition can include approximately 1 part citric acid for each 10 parts, by weight, of anhydrous sodium sulfate, approximately 1 part sodium chloride for each part of citric acid, by weight, and smaller amounts of activated carbon granules and germicidal agents.

Destabilization of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Induced by Molten Sodium Vanadate‐Sodium Sulfate Melts

Abstract: The extent of surface destabilization of ZrO2 - 8 wt percent Y2O3 ceramic disks was determined after exposure to molten salt mixtures of sodium sulfate containing up to 15 mole percent sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) at 1173 K The ceramic surface was observed to transform from the cubic/tetragonal to monoclinic phase, concurrent with chemical changes in the molten salt layer in contact with the ceramic Significant attack rates were observed in both pure sulfate and metavanadate sulfate melts The rate of attack was found to be quite sensitive to the mole fraction of vanadate in the molten salt solution and the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide in equilibrium with the salt melt The observed parabolic rate of attack is interpreted to be caused by a reaction controlled by diffusion in the salt that penetrates into the porous layer formed by the destabilization The parabolic rate constant in mixed sodium metavanadate - sodium sulfate melts was found to be proportional to the SO3 partial pressure and the square of the metavanadate concentration In-situ Raman spectroscopic measurements allowed simultaneous observations of the ceramic phases and salt chemistry during the attack process

Physiologically active substance k-252 derivative

Abstract: NEW MATERIAL:A compound (salt) expressed by formula I [X is CH2Z (Z is H, alkyl, hydroxy, halogen, acyloxy, alkoxy, etc.) or the formula C(R )2OH (R is alkyl); Y is hydroxy; X and Y together represent O=, OCH2, CO, etc.]. USE:A preventing and treating agent for diseases, inflammation, allergy, tumor, etc., of cardiovascular systems having C-kinase inhibitory action. PREPARATION:For example, a solution of K-252 expressed by formula II (RA is methyl, etc.; RB is H) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran is cooled with ice and lithium aluminum hydride is added to stir the reaction mixture at room temperature for 2hr. Methanol is then added to decompose the excess reducing agent and the reaction mixture is filtered through celite to give a filtrate, which is washed with 1N hydrochloric acid and saturated aqueous saline solution and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give a residue, which is then purified by gel chromatography to afford the aimed compound expressed by formula I.

Sulfuric acid thermoelectrochemical system and method

Abstract: A thermoelectrochemical system in which an electrical current is generated between a cathode immersed in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution and an anode immersed in an aqueous buffer solution of sodium bisulfate and sodium sulfate. Reactants consumed at the electrodes during the electrochemical reaction are thermochemically regenerated and recycled to the electrodes to provide continuous operation of the system.

Sulfate esters of hydroxymethyl-methyl-benz[a]anthracenes as active metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.

Abstract: 7-Hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-HMBA) and 12-hydroxymethyl-7-methylbenz[a]anthracene (12-HMBA), carcinogenic major metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in untreated rat liver, showed high mutagenic activities toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 after preincubation with a sulfotransferase-PAPS system consisting of ATP, sodium sulfate, and a post-mitochondrial fraction (S-9) or a soluble supernatant fraction (S-105) from untreated rat liver The 7- and 12-HMBAs themselves induced His+ mutation in TA 98 only slightly after preincubation with S-9 in the presence of an NADPH-generating system Mutagenicity of DMBA toward TA 98 after preincubation with S-9 in the presence of the NADPH-generating system was remarkably enhanced by the addition of ATP and sodium sulfate The active metabolites, 7-HMBA sulfate and 12-HMBA sulfate, were isolated from these preincubation systems and identified by comparison with the corresponding synthetic specimens The sulfuric acid ester conjugates were potent mutagens toward TA 98 in the absence of rat liver subcellular fractions The conjugates bound covalently at significant rates to calf-thymus DNA as well as to S-105 proteins at 37 degrees and pH 74 through the 7- or 12-methylene carbon with concomitant loss of their sulfate group In the presence of S-105, glutathione inhibited the mutagenicity of the metabolically formed or exogenously added 7- and 12-HMBA sulfates The non-mutagenic glutathione conjugates were isolated from the incubation mixtures and identified as S-(12-methylbenz[a]anthracen-7-yl)methylglutathione from 7-HMBA or its sulfate and S-(7-methylbenz[a]anthracen-12-yl)methylglutathione from 12-HMBA or its sulfate

Potentiometric determination of free acidity in uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) solutions and a sequential determination of uranium

Abstract: Free acidity in uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) solutions has been determined with sodium sulfate as complexant and sodium carbonate as titrant. The described method is simple, accurate, and applicable to all ranges of nitric acid and heavy metal concentrations relevant to Purex process. The method is adaptable for remote operation. The overall recovery of nitric acid is 99.5% with 0.7% relative standard deviation. Uranium content has also been determined in the same aliquot with a recovery of 98.5% and 1.2% relative standard deviation after the determination of acidity.

Production of high-bulk density detergent composition

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title high-quality composition in an industrially advantageous way by agitation and granulation of spray-dried powder from a water-base slurry containing an α-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester (salt), zeolite and sodium sulfate. CONSTITUTION: A water-base slurry with a pH of ≤10 (pref. ≤9) containing (A) an α-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester or its water-soluble salt, (B) zeolite, and (C) sodium sulfate at the weight ratios A/B = (1:0.5)-(1:5) and A/C = (1:0.3)-(1 :3) with the ingredients A, B and C accounting for ≥70 ( pref. ≥80)wt.% of the total solid content, is put to spray drying. The resulting dry powder is agitated and granulated together with an alkali builder and binder component using a mixer with agitating blades, thus obtaining the objective composition. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

Sodium Sulfate Mixed with Rare Earth Sulfates(Ln=Y and Gd) and Silicon Dioxide as a Solid Electrolyte for a Sulfur Dioxide Detector

Abstract: Sodium sulfate mixed with rare earth sulfates(Ln=Y and Gd) and silicon dioxide exhibits a Na2SO4-I-like phase as well as a small amount of silicon dioxide phase. The former phase is excellent in Na+ ion conduction. The electrical conductivity of the Na2SO4–Ln2(SO4)3–SiO2(Ln=Y and Gd) systems is considerably higher than that of pure sodium sulfate. When the Na2SO4–Ln2(SO4)3–SiO2(Ln=Y and Gd) sample is applied as a solid electrolyte for a SO2 gas concentration cell, the measured EMF is in good agreement with the calculated EMF for a SO2 gas concentration range from 0.1% (1000 ppm) to 23%, and 0.32% (3200 ppm) to 10%, respectively.

Method of producing vanadium compounds from vanadium-containing residues

Abstract: A method of treating high vanadium solid petroleum residues which tend to become environmental pollutants when disposed of in landfills in which the residue is fused with sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate and/or sodium chloride and the resulting melt material is treated with an aqueous phase which can contain sodium carbonate to form a vanadate solution from which ammonium polyvanadate, sodium ammonium vanadate or ammonium metavanadate can be precipitated.

Dose-dependent sulfoconjugation of salicylamide in dogs: effect of sulfate depletion or administration.

Abstract: The effects of plasma inorganic sulfate concentrations on the dose-dependent kinetics of salicylamide (SAM) were examined in the dog. Decreasing plasma sulfate concentrations from 0.9 mM to less than 0.3 mM significantly decreased clearance of a small dose of SAM (5 mg/kg) to the sulfate conjugate. Infusing sodium sulfate to prevent the decrease in plasma inorganic sulfate concentration that follows a p.o. 20-mg/kg dose of SAM did not increase SAM elimination. However, sodium sulfate given p.o. decreased SAM bioavailability, which suggests a local effect of sulfate on intestinal first-pass metabolism of SAM. These data show some dependence of SAM metabolism on plasma inorganic sulfate concentrations, but only when they are markedly reduced.

Process for preparing liquid low-salt aqueous reactive dyestuff compositions

Abstract: A process is described for separating sodium sulfate from aqueous solutions of certain fiber-reactive dyestuffs, which contain less than 2% by weight of chloride, by cooling down said solution to a temperature between +5° C. and -15° C. In the course of the cooling, the sodium sulfate precipitates in the form of the decahydrate and can be separated off in conventional manner, for example by filtration. The results obtained in this way are aqueous liquid low-salt preparations of these dyestuffs which contain less than 4% by weight of sodium sulfate.

Electroless plating bath for forming a nickel alloy coating having a high phosphorus content

Abstract: An electroless plating bath for forming a nickel-phosphorus alloy coating having a high phosphorus content contains in water nickel ions, hypophosphite as a reducing agent for nickel ions, a pH adjustor, a pH buffering agent, a small amount of a stress reducing agent and tri(alkali metal) N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine-N, N', N'-triacetate as a first phosphorus deposition promotor. It may further contain at least one sulfate selected from ammonium sulfate, lithium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate as a second phosphorus deposition promotor.

A new method for the calculation of excess electrochemical free energies of mixing of surface solutions

Abstract: Donnees theoriques et cas de l'adsorption du propanol-1 dans des solutions aqueuses de sulfate de sodium

Demethylation and nitration of lignin.

Abstract: The formation of methanol during treatment of wood meal with nitrogen dioxide is favored by the presence of oxygen and suppressed by addition of sodium sulfate. With 0.5% of added nitrogen dioxide large amounts of methanol were produced at 70°C when kraft lignin was impregnated with 0.5M nitric acid. A markedly increased formation of methanol and nitro groups in the lignin occurred when sodium nitrate was added. At low acidity the effect of sodium nitrate was insignificant. In a solution which was 0.5 molal with respect to nitric acid and 0.8 molal with respect to sodium nitrate, appreciable amounts of methanol and nitro groups were produced even when no nitrogen dioxide was added. This is explained by a generation of nitrogen dioxide from nitric acid in a autocatalytic process favored by high concentrations of nitrate and hydrogen ions.

Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis

Abstract: Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic malic and citric acids in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the determination of these aliphatic hydroxy acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.02. For mole ratios above 0.02 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–2.53 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.27 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.

Line width considerations in 33S nuclear magnetic resonance of aqueous samples

Abstract: A series of sulfur compounds have been examined by 33S NMR at 15.3 MHz. The sharpest resonances were found for the inorganic sulfates, with line widths varying from 3.6 Hz for ammonium sulfate to 9.0 Hz for sodium sulfate. Increasing the viscosity of the solvent did not affect the line widths appreciably. Other anions and molecules examined, and their corresponding line widths, included cysteic acid (30 Hz), sodium thiosulfate (60 Hz), ammonium sulfamate (300 Hz), carbon disulfide (400 Hz), concentrated sulfuric acid (1200 Hz) and dimethyl sulfate (2000 Hz). A comparison of the measured line widths and the spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, for five of these samples indicated that exchange processes may contribute to and often dominate the 33S resonance line widths in aqueous samples. No signals were observed in concentrated aqueous solutions of cysteine, adenosine monosulfate or chondroitin sulfate after overnight scans.

Production of Phase II sodium tripolyphosphate

Abstract: The concentration of Phase II sodium tripolyphosphate in the sodium tripolyphosphate produced by spray drying a feed liquor comprising sodium orthophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or mixture thereof, is increased to at least 90% by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate product, by seeding the feed liquor with Phase II material. Phase II yield is further increased by introducing with the feed liquor, in addition to the Phase II seed material, a minor amount of sodium sulfate. Hydrolysis of the Phase II seed is minimized by concentrating the Phase II seed in feed liquor in a separate feed tank at a lower temperature than the main feed line. Dispersing the Phase II seed in water, a dilute soda ash solution or an inert organic liquid and then injecting the dispersion into the feed liquor into the spray dryer promotes good contact between the seed and feed.

Heat accumulative material of latent heat

Abstract: PURPOSE:A heat accumulative material of latent heat repeating accumulation of heat and heat release without causing phase separation, containing sodium sulfate 10 hydrate (eutectic crysta), a crystal nucleus-forming agent, and a concentrating agent consisting of a water-insoluble water absorbing resin and CMC. CONSTITUTION:The desired heat accumulative material of latent heat containing (A) 100pts.wt. sodium sulfate 10 hydrate or its eutectic crystal, (B) a crystal nucleus-forming agent such as borax, etc., and (C) a concentrating agent consisting of (i) 1-10pts.wt. water-insoluble water-absorbind resin and (ii) 0.1-5pts.wt. CMC. A substance obtained by polymerizing a polysaccharide such as starch, sellulose, etc. with a water-soluble monomer such as acrylic acid, etc. as essential components (with crosslinking agent), and, if necessary, by hydrolyzing the polymer, may be cited as a good example of the component i, in the component C.

Latent thermal energy storage material

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a latent thermal energy storage material capable of maintaining high thermal energy storage for a long period without degradation caused by phase-separation, and containing sodium sulfate decahydrate (or its eutectic mixture), a nucleating agent, and thickening agent comprising a water- insoluble and water-absorbing resin CONSTITUTION:The objective material is composed of (A) 100ptswt of sodium sulfate decahydrate or its eutectic mixture, (B) a nucleating agent such as borax, and (C) usually 1-10% thickening agent composed of a water-insoluble and water-absorbing resin The component C is those containing a polysaccharide and a water-soluble monomer as essential components, wherein the polysaccharide is preferably starch and/or cellulose and the water-soluble monomer is preferably a carboxyl-containing monomer such as (meth)acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, etc

Glauber's salt heaving in Kevlar 49 fibres

Abstract: Du sulfate de sodium existe a des teneurs de 1,5% dans les fibres de Kevlar 49 et interviendrait dans la rupture des fibres sous l'influence de l'eau