Showing papers on "Spectrum analyzer published in 2007"

System and method for detecting multi-component malware

Abstract: Malicious behavior of a computer program is detected using an emulation engine, an event detector and an event analyzer. The emulation engine includes a system emulator configured to emulate, in an isolated computer environment, at least a part of a computer system and a program emulator configured to emulate in the isolated computer environment execution of the computer program, including execution of a plurality of executable components of the computer program, such as execution processes and threads. The event detector is configured to monitor events being generated by two or more of the executable components. The event analyzer is configured to determine, substantially in real time, based at least on one or more events generated by each of two or more of the plurality of executable components whether or not the computer program exhibits malicious behavior, wherein individually one or more of the plurality of executable components may exhibit benign behavior.

Wireless stroke monitoring

Abstract: A heart monitoring system for a patient includes an 802 protocol transmitter; an 802 protocol receiver adapted to communicate with the 802 transmitter, the 802 protocol transmitter and receiver forming a Doppler radar to detect heartbeat motion on a chest; and an analyzer connected to one of the transmitter and receiver. The analyzer calibrates a Doppler radar signal with an actual blood pressure during a training phase to develop a model. The analyzer is configured to use the model with the Doppler radar signal during an operational phase to estimate blood pressure.

Intrusion detection using system call monitors on a bayesian network

Abstract: Selected system calls are monitored to generate frequency data that is input to a probabilistic intrusion detection analyzer which generates a likelihood score indicative of whether the system calls being monitored were produced by a computer system whose security has been compromised. A first Bayesian network is trained on data from a compromised system and a second Bayesian network is trained on data from a normal system. The probabilistic intrusion detection analyzer considers likelihood data from both Bayesian networks to generate the intrusion detection measure.

System and methods for sample analysis

Abstract: The invention encompasses analyzers and analyzer systems that include a single particle analyzer, methods of using the analyzers and analyzers systems to analyze samples, either for single particles or for multiple particles (multiplexing), methods of doing business based on the use of the analyzers or analyzer systems of the system, and electronic media for storing parameters useful in the analyzers and analyzer systems of the invention.

Droplet actuator analyzer with cartridge

Abstract: A droplet actuator with cartridge is provided According to one embodiment, a sample analyzer is provided and includes an analyzer unit comprising electronic or optical receiving means, a cartridge comprising self-contained droplet handling capabilities, and a wherein the cartridge is coupled to the analyzer unit by a means which aligns electronic and/or optical outputs from the cartridge with electronic or optical receiving means on the analyzer unit According to another embodiment, a sample analyzer is provided and includes a sample analyzer comprising a cartridge coupled thereto and a means of electrical interface and/or optical interface between the cartridge and the analyzer, whereby electrical signals and/or optical signals may be transmitted from the cartridge to the analyzer

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a femtosecond high harmonic light source using a two-dimensional imaging electron analyzer.

Abstract: An experimental setup for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a femtosecond 1 kHz high harmonic light source and a two-dimensional electron analyzer for parallel energy and momentum detection is presented. A selection of the 27th harmonic (41.85 eV) from the harmonic spectrum of the light source is achieved with a multilayer MoSi double mirror monochromator. The extinction efficiency of the monochromator in selecting this harmonic is shown to be better than 7:1, while the transmitted bandwidth of the selected harmonic is capable of supporting temporal pulse widths as short as 3 fs. The recorded E(k) photoelectron spectrum from a Cu(111) surface demonstrates an angular resolution of better than 0.6 degrees (=0.03 A(-1) at E(kin,e)=36 eV). Used in a pump-probe configuration, the described experimental setup represents a powerful experimental tool for studying the femtosecond dynamics of ultrafast surface processes in real time.

Signal Pulse Detection Scheme for Use in Real-Time Spectrum Analysis

Abstract: A spectrum analysis engine (SAGE) that comprises a spectrum analyzer component, a signal detector component, a universal signal synchronizer component and a snapshot buffer component. The spectrum analyzer component generates data representing a real-time spectrogram of a bandwidth of radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The signal detector detects signal pulses in the frequency band and outputs pulse event information entries output, which include the start time, duration, power, center frequency and bandwidth of each detected pulse. The signal detector also provides pulse trigger outputs which may be used to enable/disable the collection of information by the spectrum analyzer and the snapshot buffer components. An alternative pulse detection module is provided that tracks signal pulses by comparing peak data from successive FFT cycles with existing signal pulse data that is derived from comparing peak data for prior FFT cycles. Peaks for new FFT cycles are matched to data associated with signal pulses determined to be occurring over many FFT intervals.

Application of a Differential Fuel-Cell Analyzer for Measuring Atmospheric Oxygen Variations

Abstract: A commercially available differential fuel-cell analyzer has been adapted to make field-based ppm-level measurements of atmospheric O2 variations. With the implementation of rapid calibrations and active pressure and flow control, the analysis system described here has a 1σ precision of ±2.5 per meg (≈0.5 ppm) for a 2-min measurement. Allowing for system stabilization after switching inlet lines, a 6-min measurement with a precision of ±1.4 per meg (≈0.3 ppm) every 20 min is obtained. The elimination of biases in any atmospheric O2 measurement depends critically on careful gas-handling procedures, and after screening for known sources of bias a comparability of ±10 per meg (≈2 ppm) with the present setup is estimated. In comparison to existing techniques, the relatively small size, low cost, fast response, motion insensitivity, and ease of implementation of the fuel-cell analyzer make it particularly useful for a wide range of unattended field applications. This system has been used to measure at...

Dialogue analyzer configured to identify predatory behavior

Abstract: A dialogue analyzer configured to identify online communications relating to lewd, predatory, hostile, and/or otherwise inappropriate subject matter is disclosed. Identified communications include those occurring via social networks, instant messaging, online chat rooms, computer in-game chat, email and the like. The communications of a monitored computer user are scanned to identify those communications that match predetermined lexical rules. The rules comprise sets of word-concepts that may be associated based on spelling, sound, meaning, appearance or probability of appearance in a text string, etc. Various numbers and configurations of word concepts may be implemented in a rule in order to more accurately scan the online communication data for a potential match. When a match is found, a copy of the communication, along with contextual information, is presented to a parent or guardian user. This information is presented at a central website and via an email notification to the parent or guardian. Various embodiments are described.

A New Power System Digital Harmonic Analyzer

Abstract: In this paper, new digital instruments measuring power-quality indicators and harmonic analyzers are developed. A new technique for simultaneous local system frequency and amplitudes of the fundamental and higher harmonics estimation from either a voltage or current signal is presented. The structure consists of three decoupled modules: the first one for an adaptive filter of input signal, the second one for frequency estimation, and the third one for harmonic amplitude estimation. A very suitable algorithm for frequency and harmonic amplitude estimation is obtained. This technique provides accurate frequency estimates with error in the range of 0.002 Hz and amplitude estimates with error in the range of 0.03% for SNR = 60 dB in about 25 ms. The theoretical basis and practical implementation of the technique are described. To demonstrate the performance of the developed algorithm, computer simulated data records are processed. Data of the distribution power system voltage signals are also collected in the laboratory environment and are processed in a newly developed digital PC-based harmonic analyzer. It has been found that the proposed method really meets the need of offline applications. Even more, by using the parallel computation algorithms, this method should meet the need of online applications and should be more practical

Microwave Measurements Part II Non-linear Measurements

Abstract: By convention, radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequencies range between 30 MHz and 300 GHz. Conversely, this means their wavelengths range between 10 m and 1 mm. Intense research in radar development during World War II extended the RF spectrum beyond the usual applications in radio communications. The use of shorter wavelengths resulted in laboratory equipment with proportionally smaller dimensions to generate, convey, transmit, and detect higher-frequency signals. Wavelengths shorter than 1 mm require equipment too small to be realized. Voltage, current, and impedance concepts lose their conventional meanings when the operating wavelength is approximately equal to the dimensions of the structures under test. The behavior of propagating electromagnetic waves must then be analyzed in terms of electric and magnetic field. Unfortunately, no simple and direct way exists to measure these quantities, so we must resort to indirect methods. In the following sections, we briefly review the concept and need for measurements of scattering parameters. We also describe the two key instruments for microwave measurements: VNAs and spectrum analyzers.

Improvement of Lock-in Electrical Bio-Impedance Analyzer for Implantable Medical Devices

Abstract: A novel solution for improving lock-in electrical bio-impedance (EBI) analyzers by suppressing errors caused by higher odd harmonics of rectangular wave pulses is proposed. The solution is based on a newly developed method of shortening the rectangular full duty cycle pulses, which are commonly used in correlation-type lock-in EBI measurements. Comparison of the proposed method to a common method of regular rectangular waveforms is given. The results show that the measurement errors of the three-element EBI equivalent become several tens of times smaller when shortening the excitation and reference signals separately by different values, for example, by 30 deg and 18deg. Shortening of only a single signal (either excitation or reference) can also give significant progress. Improved accuracy of the EBI phasor measurement makes the proposed method reliable for most clinical applications. Due to its simplicity, the method is appropriate for on-chip realization in implantable devices

FFT Spectrum Analyzer Project for Teaching Digital Signal Processing With FPGA Devices

Abstract: This paper presents a course on digital signal processing with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) devices. The course integrates two separate disciplines, digital signal processing (DSP) and very large scale integration (VLSI) design, and focuses on the development of a sophisticated DSP design from simulation to fixed-point implementation. The structure and methodology used in the proposed course are oriented to the design and implementation of an fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analyzer. This application covers most topics included in a DSP course and gives better results that those obtained with typical courses performing independent multiple simple experiments. The project is divided into modules that show specific learning necessities and determine the course contents and organization. Each laboratory part is dedicated to design and implements the block of the analyzer related to the theoretical content presented in the class. At the end of the course the students have designed all the pieces in the DSP project and have completed and verified the system. The used methodology enables students and engineers to understand and develop complex fixed-point applications, looking for the best signal processing algorithms on hardware implementations, and also results in more motivated and active students.

FIVA: Functional Information Viewer and Analyzer extracting biological knowledge from transcriptome data of prokaryotes

Abstract: FIVA (Function Information Viewer and Analyzer) aids researchers in the prokaryotic community to quickly identify relevant biological processes following transcriptome analysis. Our software assists in functional profiling of large sets of genes and generates a comprehensive overview of affected biological processes.

High resolution light intensity spectrum analyzer (LISA) based on Brillouin optical filter.

Abstract: A high-resolution light intensity spectrum analyzer technique to derive the RF modulation spectrum of optical signals is presented and experimentally confirmed. It uses the XPM nonlinear effect in a dispersion shifted fiber to obtain the light intensity spectrum, and a Brillouin optical filtering method to implement the high resolution spectrometric analysis. Measured RF spectra of PRBS modulated optical signals at 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s are presented and compared with their corresponding ones obtained in the electrical detection domain to confirm the capabilities of the method. Influence of fiber electrostriction effect is measured and analyzed.

Physiological signal apparatus with digital real time calibration

Abstract: A digital vital sign apparatus with real time calibration is provided which comprises a tissue adaptor, several physiological signal measurement devices with an ability of movement detection, and a physiological analyzer. The present invention provides wrapping a tissue like finger for testing, palm or wrist with elastic membrane to buffer the noise. Electro-optical, pressure, electrical sensor, motion sensor and so on are sued to detect the physiological signals as parameters. These parameters can be personal and time-dependent. The detectors for the physiological signals work at time when there is no movement to give stable signal.

Optimal Settings for Frequency-Selective Measurements Used for the Exposure Assessment Around UMTS Base Stations

Abstract: To estimate the exposure around a base station, the frequency-selective electromagnetic field measurement with a spectrum analyzer and antenna is the most appropriate method. In this paper, a theoretical model for the wideband code division multiaccess signal, which is measured by a spectrum analyzer, is extended to the measurement of the signal used in the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), where the transmitted signal is subject to power control. The developed model is successfully validated by measurements. It is shown that the presence of power control has important implications on the achievable accuracy of the measurements. Based on the developed model, the optimal settings of the spectrum analyzer are proposed for the exposure assessment around UMTS base stations.

Optical spectrum analyzer

Abstract: An optical spectrum analyzer has a deflection section for changing an incidence angle of measured light on a diffraction grating, a plurality of light detection sections for detecting the dispersed measured light and outputting an electric signal responsive to the light strength, and a signal processing section for finding an optical spectrum of the measured light based on the electric signal from the light detection sections. The light detection sections are arranged along the wavelength dispersion direction of the diffraction grating and output electric signals independently of each other.

Compact and portable low-field pulsed nmr dispersion analyzer

Abstract: A compact and integrated portable device is provided for the analysis of dispersions by low-field pulsed NMR including an NMR probe module (A), a means for generating radio frequency and magnetic field gradient pulses (B), a signal processor (C), and a master controller (D) Also provided are methods for using the device to measure one or more characteristics of phases or particles comprising a dispersion such as surface area, solid/liquid ratio, particle size, and elemental analysis

Control Device and Analyzer

Abstract: The present invention quickly resolves troubles in an analyzer and performs effective external quality control management. An analyzer (2) and a control device (1) are connected by a network (3). Error data and sample data taken from assay of a quality control substance are transmitted from the control device (1) to the analyzer (2). The analyzer (2) is made to be remotely operable from the control device (1) and when troubles arise repair from the control device (1) is possible. The control device (1) tallies sample data, and provides the tally results to a Web page. The analyzer (2) accesses the Web page using a WWW browser, and can perform external quality control in real time.

Non-invasive blood constituent measuring instrument and measuring method

Abstract: A non-invasive blood constituents measuring instrument measures blood constituent values including blood glucose concentration in a living body non-invasively. The instrument is composed of a light source 11 to irradiate a light containing plural wavelengths to a living body 13 , a light receiver 14 to detect the light transmitted through a living body or reflected and scattered thereon, a spectrum analyzer 15 to analyze the light transmitted through the living body or reflected thereon at different times, a subtraction processor 18 to generate spectrum subtraction from the spectrum of the light at the different times measured by the spectrum analyzer 15 , and a blood glucose concentration predictor 21 into which the output data of the subtraction processor 18 are input and which outputs a blood constituent value.

Apparatus for extending the bandwidth of a spectrum analyzer

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer is provided with frequency-scalable circuit architectures that extend the bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer using an array of couplers. The array of couplers is distributed along the RF signal path at one end, and interfaced to one or more frequency-translation devices such as mixers or samplers at the other. In a first architecture, a single mixer is employed with an LO signal applied to one input and coupler outputs providing RF signals to another input, with switching controlled to select one coupler's RF output to provide to the mixer. In a second architecture, a separate mixer is used, one for each coupler RF signal, with switches selecting one of the mixer IF outputs to select a desired output frequency. Both the first and second embodiments eliminate switching and its associated loss and frequency limitations from the main RF signal path to enable wideband high-dynamic-range spectrum analysis.

Development of the low-cost impedance spectroscopy system for modeling the electrochemical power sources

Abstract: This paper presents a low-cost impedance spectroscopy system (LCISS) suitable for modeling the electrochemical power sources such as fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors. Since the developed LCISS is composed of simple sensor circuits, commercial data acquisition board and software, it provides a low cost solution for modeling and diagnosing the electrochemical power sources compared with the commercial electrochemical impedance spectroscopy instruments. The system is capable of automatically measuring the impedance of the electrochemical power sources over the specified frequency range and from the measured impedance data an equivalent circuit can be derived by the developed software. In the proposed system, the digital lock-in amplification technique is adopted to achieve the accurate measurements even in the presence of the high level of noises. The validity of the developed system is proven by comparing the measured frequency response of a simple R-C filter with those obtained by using the commercial frequency response analyzer (NF FRA 5097). The developed hardware and software is applied to measure the impedance spectrum of the 1.2 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the results are detailed.

Sapphire analyzers for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy

Abstract: We present a sapphire ðAl2O3Þ analyzer for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy with 31-meV energy resolution. The analyzer is designed for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) measurements at the CuKa absorption edge near 8990 eV. The performance of the analyzer is demonstrated by measuring phonon excitations in beryllium because of its known dynamical structure and high counting rates.

Wideband impedance spectrum analyzer for process automation applications

Abstract: For decades impedance spectroscopy is used in technical laboratories and research departments to investigate effects or material characteristics that affect the impedance spectrum of the sensor. Establishing this analytical approach for process automation and stand-alone applications will deliver additional and valuable information beside traditional measurement techniques such as the measurement of temperature, flow rate, and conductivity, among others. As yet, most of the current impedance analysis methods are suited for laboratory applications only since they involve stand-alone network analyzers that are slow, expensive, large, or immobile. Furthermore, those systems offer a large range of functionality that is not being used in process control and other fields of application. We developed a sensor interface based on high speed direct digital signal processing offering wideband impedance spectrum analysis with high resolution for frequency adjustment, excellent noise rejection, very high measurement rate, and convenient data exchange to common interfaces. The electronics has been implemented on two small circuit boards and it is well suited for process control applications such as monitoring phase transitions, characterization of fluidal systems, and control of biological processes. The impedance spectrum analyzer can be customized easily for different measurement applications by adapting the appropriate sensor module. It has been tested for industrial applications, e.g., dielectric spectroscopy and high temperature gas analysis.

Spectrum colour analyter

Abstract: The utility model discloses a spectrum color analyzer which comprises a lighting system, a photoelectric spectrograph and a signal collecting and processing system. Main technical characteristic is that: the lighting system adopts integrating sphere illumed by standard light source. Diffuse reflectance light generated by the integrating sphere illumes samples and is reflected by samples. Reflected light is transmitted to the photoelectric spectrograph through focusing battery of lens and is divided into a straight spectral line in a coupling way by holographic flat field concave grating, and then is received by a linear array CCD detector. The signal collecting and processing system stores, collects and calculates signals output by the linear array CCD detector according to built-in program, finally acquiring the samples color parameters which are displayed by a display screen. The utility model not only is characterized in miniaturization and intelligence but also has the advantages of high color measuring accuracy, high color measuring rate and excellent repeatability of wavelength measuring. The utility model has good prospect for application and popularization.

Ultra-small angle x-ray scattering measuring apparatus

Abstract: An ultra-small angle X-ray scattering measuring apparatus includes a detector for detecting X-rays emitted from a sample, an X-ray collimating mirror arranged between the X-ray real focus and the sample, a monochromator arranged between the X-ray collimating mirror and the sample and an analyzer arranged between the sample and the detector. The X-ray collimating mirror includes a pair of X-ray mirrors that are arranged orthogonally relative to each other. The X-ray mirrors are multilayer film mirrors and their X-ray reflection surfaces are paraboloidal. The interplanar spacing of lattice planes of each of the multilayer films is continuously changed along the paraboloid so as to meet the Bragg's condition. The monochromator and the analyzer are formed by using a channel-cut crystal. The analyzer is driven to rotate for scanning around a 2θ-axial line and diffracted rays reduced to a spectrum by the analyzer are detected by the detector.