Showing papers on "Super oxide dismutase published in 2016"

Role of Zn doping in oxidative stress mediated cytotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.

Abstract: We investigated the effect of Zn-doping on structural and optical properties as well as cellular response of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. A library of Zn-doped (1–10 at wt%) TiO2 NPs was prepared. Characterization data indicated that dopant Zn was incorporated into the lattice of host TiO2. The average particle size of TiO2 NPs was decreases (38 to 28 nm) while the band gap energy was increases (3.35 eV–3.85 eV) with increasing the amount of Zn-doping. Cellular data demonstrated that Zn-doped TiO2 NPs induced cytotoxicity (cell viability reduction, membrane damage and cell cycle arrest) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species generation & glutathione depletion) in MCF-7 cells and toxic intensity was increases with increasing the concentration of Zn-doping. Molecular data revealed that Zn-doped TiO2 NPs induced the down-regulation of super oxide dismutase gene while the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene in MCF-7 cells. Cytotoxicity induced by Zn-doped TiO2 NPs was efficiently prevented by N-acetyl-cysteine suggesting that oxidative stress might be the primarily cause of toxicity. In conclusion, our data indicated that Zn-doping decreases the particle size and increases the band gap energy as well the oxidative stress-mediated toxicity of TiO2 NPs in MCF-7 cells.

Cadmium induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the well-known highly toxic environmental and industrial pollutants. Cd first accumulates in the nucleus and later interacts with zinc finger proteins of antiapoptotic genes and inhibit the binding of transcriptional factors and transcription. However, the role of Cd in oxidative stress and apoptosis is less understood. Hence, the present study was undertaken to unveil the mechanism of action. A549 cells were treated with or without Cd and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Treatment of cells with Cd shows reduced viability in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 45 μM concentration. Cd significantly induces the reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation followed by membrane damage with the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cells with continuous exposure of Cd deplete the antioxidant super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes. Further, analysis of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis show that both the extrinsic and i...

Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, inhibit growth, and attenuate biofilm formation activity of Streptococcus mitis.

Abstract: Streptococcus mitis from the oral cavity causes endocarditis and other systemic infections. Rising resistance against traditional antibiotics amongst oral bacteria further aggravates the problem. Therefore, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized and characterized during this study against S. mitis ATCC 6249 and Ora-20 were evaluated in search of alternative antimicrobial agents. ZnO and TiO2-NPs exhibited an average size of 35 and 13 nm, respectively. The IC50 values of ZnO and TiO2-NPs against S. mitis ATCC 6249 were 37 and 77 µg ml(-1), respectively, while the IC50 values against S. mitis Ora-20 isolate were 31 and 53 µg ml(-1), respectively. Live and dead staining, biofilm formation on the surface of polystyrene plates, and extracellular polysaccharide production show the same pattern. Exposure to these nanoparticles also shows an increase (26-83 %) in super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Three genes, namely bapA1, sodA, and gtfB like genes from these bacteria were identified and sequenced for quantitative real-time PCR analysis. An increase in sodA gene (1.4- to 2.4-folds) levels and a decrease in gtfB gene (0.5- to 0.9-folds) levels in both bacteria following exposure to ZnO and TiO2-NPs were observed. Results presented in this study verify that ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs can control the growth and biofilm formation activities of these strains at very low concentration and hence can be used as alternative antimicrobial agents for oral hygiene.

Astrogliosis in a dish: substrate stiffness induces astrogliosis in primary rat astrocytes

Abstract: Astrogliosis due to brain injury or disease can lead to varying molecular and morphological changes in astrocytes. Magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound have demonstrated that brain stiffness varies with age and disease state. However, there is a lack in understanding the role of varied stiffness on the progression of astrogliosis highlighting a critical need to engineer in vitro models that mimic disease stages. Such models need to incorporate the dynamic changes in the brain microenvironment including the stiffness changes. In this study we developed a polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based platform that modeled the physiologically relevant stiffness of brain in both a healthy (200 Pa) and diseased (8000 Pa) state to investigate the effect of stiffness on astrocyte function. We observed that astrocytes grown on soft substrates displayed a consistently more quiescent phenotype while those on stiff substrates displayed an astrogliosis-like morphology. In addition to morphological changes, astrocytes cultured on stiff substrates demonstrated significant increase in other astrogliosis hallmarks - cellular proliferation and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein expression. Furthermore, culturing astrocytes on a stiff surface resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased super oxide dismutase activity and decreased glutamate uptake. Our platform lends itself for study of potential therapeutic strategies for brain injury focusing on the intricate brain microenvironment-astrocytes signaling pathways.

l-Cysteine improves antioxidant enzyme activity, post-thaw quality and fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.

Abstract: The effects of l-cysteine in extender on antioxidant enzymes profile during cryopreservation, post-thaw quality parameters and in vivo fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull spermatozoa were studied. Semen samples from 4 buffalo bulls were diluted in Tris-citric acid-based extender having different concentrations of l-cysteine (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mm) and frozen in 0.5-ml French straws. The antioxidative enzymes [catalase, super oxide dismutase and total glutathione (peroxidase and reductase)] were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at pre-freezing and post-thawing in extender containing 2.0 mm l-cysteine as compared to other groups. Post-thaw total motility (%), progressive motility (%), rapid velocity (%), average path velocity (μm s-1 ), straight line velocity (μm s-1 ), curvilinear velocity (μm s-1 ), beat cross frequency (Hz), viable spermatozoa with intact plasmalemma (%), acrosome and DNA integrity (%) were higher with the addition of 2.0 mm l-cysteine as compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The fertility rates (59 versus 43%) were higher (P < 0.05) in buffaloes inseminated with doses containing 2.0 mm of l-cysteine than in the control. In conclusion, the addition of 2.0 mm l-cysteine in extender improved the antioxidant enzymes profile, post-thaw quality and in vivo fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull spermatozoa.

Gold (III) bioreduction by cyanobacteria with special reference to in vitro biosafety assay of gold nanoparticles

Abstract: Bioreduction of Au3+ to Au0 and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles using three cyanobacterial strains Leptolyngbya tenuis, Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes, and Nostoc ellipsosporum was investigated. The optimized condition for maximum gold nanoparticle synthesis was determined as 20 mg cyanobacterial biomass per 100 mL of 15 mg L−1 Au3+ solution as inoculum size at pH 5. At the onset of nanoparticle synthesis (up to 3 h) increased activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde content along with rapid loss of pigments and protein content (1–72 h) indicated gold toxicity at cellular level. Associated changes in thallus morphology were also significant. Nostoc biomass produced spherical- to irregular-shaped nanoparticles with diverse sizes and small number of nanorods. On the other hand, Coleofasciculus showed nanoparticle synthesis at extracellular medium which was either absent in Nostoc or very low in Leptolyngbya. Biosafety analysis by MTT assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), two cancer cell lines viz. T cell acute (T-ALL) and human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4) and antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus showed no toxic effect of synthesized gold nanoparticles.

Molecular hydrogen decelerates rheumatoid arthritis progression through inhibition of oxidative stress.

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease which results in progressive destruction of the joint. In this study, we examined if the hydrogen could inhibit inflammation in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) via oxidative stress on RA-FLSs. Moreover, to identify the mechanisms of action, we evaluated the effect of hydrogen on RA-FLSs development and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways. Based on our result, H2 enriched medium can increase super oxide dismutase (SOD) level following H2O2 treatment and decrease 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level. Since H2O2 treatment activates MAPK, NF-κB and TGF-β1 in cells, our study suggested that H2 could inhibit H2O2 activated MAPK and NF-κB activation as well as TGF-β1 expression in treated cells. Taken together, our data suggested that H2 can directly neutralize OH and ONOO- to reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, MAPK and NF-κB pathway also play roles in oxidative damage caused by H2O2 in RA-FLSs. H2 can provide protection to cells against inflammation, which may be related to inhibition of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB.

Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli

Abstract: Due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted for their synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants are dangerous to human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with effective antioxidative properties is essential. Although AuNPs have been studied for use in various biological applications, exploration of AuNPs as antioxidants capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by heat and cold stress is still warranted. Therefore, one goal of our study was to produce biocompatible AuNPs using biological methods that are simple, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Next, we aimed to assess the antioxidative effect of AuNPs against oxidative stress induced by cold and heat in Escherichia coli, which is a suitable model for stress responses involving AuNPs. The response of aerobically grown E. coli cells to cold and heat stress was found to be similar to the oxidative stress response. Upon exposure to cold and heat stress, the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of proteins and sugars were significantly elevated, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly lowered compared to in the control. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated cold and heat-induced oxidative stress responses by increasing the expression of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These consistent physiology and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs can ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative damage in E. coli. Our results indicate that AuNPs may be effective antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of AuNPs as antioxidative agents, as well as their mechanism of action.

Chronic effects of soft drink consumption on the health state of Wistar rats: A biochemical, genetic and histopathological study.

Abstract: The present study was performed to examine the effects of chronic soft drink consumption (SDC) on oxidative stress, biochemical alterations, gene biomarkers and histopathology of bone, liver and kidney. Free drinking water of adult male Wistar rats was substituted with three different soft drinks: Coca‑Cola, Pepsi and 7‑Up, for three consecutive months. The serum and organs were collected for examining the biochemical parameters associated with bone, liver and kidney functions. Semi‑quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to observe the changes in the expression of genes in the liver and kidney, which are associated with oxidative stress resistance. Histopathological investigations were performed to determine the changes in bone, liver and kidney tissues using hematoxylin and eosin stains. SDC affected liver, kidney and bone function biomarkers. Soft drinks increased oxidative stress, which is represented by an increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in antioxidant levels. SDC affected serum mineral levels, particularly calcium and phosphorus. Soft drinks downregulated the expression levels of glutathione‑S‑transferase and super oxide dismutase in the liver compared with that of control rats. Rats administered Coca‑Cola exhibited a hepatic decrease in the mRNA expression of α2‑macroglobulin compared with rats administered Pepsi and 7‑Up. On the other hand, SDC increased the mRNA expression of α1‑acid glycoprotein. The present renal studies revealed that Coca‑Cola increased the mRNA expression levels of desmin, angiotensinogen and angiotensinogen receptor compared with the other groups, together with mild congestion in renal histopathology. Deleterious histopathological changes were reported predominantly in the bone and liver of the Coca‑Cola and Pepsi groups. In conclusion, a very strict caution must be considered with SDC due to the increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and disruption in the expression of certain genes associated with the bio‑vital function of both the liver and kidney.

Association of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with risk of non-small cell lung cancer in Andhra Pradesh region of South India

Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most preventable causes of death globally both in developed and developing countries. Although it is well established that smokers develop lung cancer, there are some smokers who are free from the disease risk. The predisposition to lung cancer is attributed to genetic polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes. Reports on assessment of xenobiotic metabolizing genes like Cytochrome P 450 1A1 (CYP1A1), Glutathione -S -transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms from India are meagre, and reports from Andhra Pradesh are lacking. Assessment of polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 in NSCLC patients and healthy individuals specific to population of Andhra Pradesh, a South Indian state was attempted by multiplex PCR and RFLP, and this is the first study which tried to correlate oxidative stress with the polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes. Results showed that CYP1A1 m1 ‘CC’ genotype was significantly associated with lung cancer susceptibility with a 2.3-fold risk, CYP1A1 m2 ‘AG’ gene polymorphisms with 8.8-fold risk and GSTT1 (−/−) genotype demonstrated a twofold risk of disease susceptibility. A combined role of genetic polymorphisms and smoking status can be attributed for the cause of lung cancer. Further, the association between oxidative stress and genetic polymorphisms showed a correlation between GSTT1 and super oxide dismutase activity; CYP1A1 m1, m2 and GSTT1 with glutathione peroxidase activity; CYP1A1 m1 and GSTM1 with melondialdehyde levels; and CYP1A1 m1 and GSTT1 with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine. A higher risk of lung cancer seems to be associated with combined gene polymorphisms of phase I and phase II enzymes than that ascribed to single gene polymorphism.

Healing Potential of Citrullus Lanatus in Acetic Acid Induced Ulcerated Rats

Abstract: Healing Potential of Citrullus Lanatus in Acetic Acid Induced Ulcerated Rats An attempt was made to evaluate healing potential of aqueous fruit pulp of Citrullus lanatus (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) on acetic acid induced ulcers in albino rats Wistar albino rats were divided in five groups of six animals in each, first group served as control and received vehicle only, second group served as standard and treated with carbenoloxone sodium 100mg/kg of bwtwhile group three, four and five were treated with fruit pulp aqueous fruit pulp extract of C.lanatus (CLE)at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW, per os respectively, for five days after the induction of ulcer. All the three doses of CLE caused significant reduction in ulcer lesion index in comparison to vehicle treated group, thereby providing evidence for ulcer healing capacity. In addition to this, post treatment with CLE resulted in significant increase in the level of hexoses, sialic acid; enzymic antioxidants i.e. super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), with decrease in lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels. The presence of the flavonoids and polyphenols may be responsible for the gastro-healer effect of CLE and can be used as gastroprotective agent in the therapy of ulcer.

Inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3/SOSC1 Signaling Pathway Improves Secretion Function of Vascular Endothelial Cells in a Rat Model of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension.

Abstract: Background/Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the JAK2/STAT3/SOSC1 signaling pathway on the secretion function of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods: A PIH rat model was established. Forty-eight pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats were selected and assigned into four groups: the normal group (normal non-pregnant rats), the non-PIH group (pregnant rats without PIH), the PIH group (pregnant rats with PIH) and the AG490 group (pregnant rats with PIH treated with AG490). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and urinary protein (UP) were measured. The expressions of JAK2/STAT3/SOSC1 signaling pathway-related proteins in placenta tissues were detect by Western blotting. Radioimmunoassay was applied to detect serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), super oxide dismutase (SOD), placental growth factor (PGF), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin (ET). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results: Compared with the normal and non-PIH groups, the PIH and AG490 groups had higher SBP and UP levels at 17th and 25th day of pregnancy. The expressions of p/t-JAK2, p/t-STAT3 and SOSC1 in the PIH and AG490 groups were higher than those in the non-PIH group, while the expressions of p/t-JAK2, p/t-STAT3 and SOSC1 in the AG490 group were lower than those in the PIH group. Compared with the non-PIH group, serum levels of ET, TXB2, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased in the PIH and AG490 groups, while serum levels of NO, SOD, 6-keto-PGF1a and IL-10 levels were reduced. Furthermore, the AG490 had lower serum levels of ET, TXB2, IL-6 and TNF-α and higher serum levels of NO, SOD, 6-keto-PGF1a and IL-10 than those in the PIH group. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3/SOSC1 signaling pathway could improve the secretion function of VECs in PIH rats.

Infusion of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Modulates Oxidative Stress in Patients with Marfan Syndrome

Abstract: Marfan syndrome (MFS) is associated with progressive aortic dilatation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress that contribute to the early acute dissection of the vessel and can end up in rupture of the aorta and sudden death. Many studies have described that the organic acids from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linne (HSL) calyces increase cellular antioxidant capacity and decrease oxidative stress. Here we evaluate if the antioxidant properties of HSL infusion improve oxidative stress in MFS patients. Activities of extra cellular super oxide dismutase (ECSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) index, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ascorbic acid were determined in plasma from MFS patients. Values before and after 3 months of the treatment with 2% HSL infusion were compared in control and MFS subjects. After treatment, there was a significant decrease in ECSOD (p = 0.03), EGPx (p = 0.04), GST (p = 0.03), GSH (p = 0.01), and TAC and ascorbic acid (p = 0.02) but GSSG-R activity (p = 0.04) and LPO (p = 0.02) were increased in MFS patients in comparison to patients receiving the HSL treatment and C subjects. Therefore, the infusion of HSL calyces has antioxidant properties that allow an increase in antioxidant capacity of both the enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems, in the plasma of the MSF patients.

Changes in physiological, biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities of green gram ( Vigna radiata L.) genotypes under drought

Abstract: Water deficit is one of the major factors affecting the growth and productivity field crops. This study was conducted to characterize four popularly genotypes, viz. SGC 16, TMB 37, SG 21-5, and Pratap, of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) on physiological, biochemical and morphological basis under water deficit at vegetative, flowering and pod filling stages. A substantial decrease in the mid-day leaf water potential (ΨL), net photosynthesis (P N), total soluble protein (TSP) and membrane stability index (MSI) were recorded under water deficit. However, the membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA), total free amino acid, and the activities of super oxide dismutase and catalase increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Percentage reduction of grain yield, under water deficit, was the maximum in the genotype TMB 37 (50.05–63.80 %) indicating its sensitivity towards water deficit. In contrast, the genotype Pratap was the most tolerant to water deficit as it had the minimum reduction (20.76–34.87 %) in grain yield. Flowering was the most critical crop growth stage to water deficit. Among the studied parameters, ΨL, P N, TSP, MSI and MDA were identified as the marker parameters for explaining the response mechanism of green gram genotypes to water deficit.

Iron supplement ameliorates drought-induced alterations in physiological attributes of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare )

Abstract: This study was conducted to examine the response of fennel to foliar applied Fe under contrasting moisture conditions. Twelve fennel genotypes were subjected to two levels of irrigation (irrigation after 35 and 85 % depletion of available soil water) and two levels of Fe solution (0 and 4 g kg−1). Plants subjected to drought showed notable reductions in leaf chlorophyll a (Chl a), Chl b, relative water content (RWC), water potential (ψw), carotenoids, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), seed yield and plant dry mass (DM). Though, drought-treated plants indicated notable increases in proline concentration, super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities and seed essential oil concentration. Genotypic variations for DM and grain yield were consistent with differences among the genotypes in ψw, RWC, proline, Chl a and Chl b concentrations. Fe led to significant increases in APX and SOD activities and carotenoids, Chl a and Chl b concentrations. The mitigative effect of Fe tended to be more notable on the drought-stricken plants for a majority of the traits. From our findings, Fe could be appreciated as a micronutrient effective in ameliorating at least in part the stressful effects of drought on plants.

Effect of Holothuria leucospilota extracted saponin on maturation of mice oocyte and granulosa cells.

Abstract: Sea cucumbers saponins are triterpenoid glycosides which exert beneficial biomedical effects. This study was performed to assess the effect of saponin extracted from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota (H. leucospilota) on maturation of mice oocytes and granulosa cells. The germinal vesicles oocytes were collected from 6-8 weeks old Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice ovaries, randomly divided into untreated and four experimental groups and cultured In vitro. Maturation medium was supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/ml saponin for 12 days. The rates of maturation were recorded through morphological observation by measurement of follicle diameter during treatment. After 4 days, the effects of saponin on granulosa cells were investigated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, caspase assay and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression. The oocyte maturation rate was significantly higher in treated groups (1 μg/ml). The ROS and SOD assays demonstrated the antioxidant potential of saponin. The caspase assay exhibited that optimum concentrations of saponin (1, 2 μg/ml) reduced caspase activity in granulosa cells. Flow cytometry showed that optimum concentration of saponin promoted oocyte maturation via down regulation of TNF-α as follicular degenerative factor in nursing cells. These results proposed that maturation rate were obtained after the incorporation of 1 μg/ml sea cucumber saponin. Moreover, the extracted saponin at concentrations of 1, 2 μg/ml enhanced follicle growth which is accompanied by attenuating ROS formation, elevating SOD activity and reducing TNF-α expression in granulosa cells. But, further examinations are required to understand precise mechanisms of saponin action on oocyte and granulosa cells.

Micro RNA-320 as a novel potential biomarker in renal ischemia reperfusion.

Abstract: Aim: MicroRNAs (miR) are important diagnostic and treatment targets due to their different tissue expressions and their central position in the regulation of gene expressions. miR studies might pioneer emerging of new diagnostic tools and treatment goals in kidney diseases. Captopril (CAP) and telmisartan (TEL) were shown to be effective in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. There is not any study about the effect of TEL and CAP over miR-21-320-146a. Our aim was to study the effects of CAP and TEL over miR on renal IR model.Methods: We used 12–16 weeks-old Wistar-Albino rats that weigh 300–350 g. Rats (n, 6) were randomized into four groups (Control, IR, IR + CAP, IR + TEL). Urea, creatinine, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and miRs were analyzed.Results: Urea, creatinine, TOS, OSI levels of IR + CAP, and IR + TEL groups were lower comparing to IR group. TAS and SOD levels were higher in IR group than IR + TEL gr...

Effect of foliar application of growth activator, promoter and antioxidant on seed quality of soybean

Abstract: Loss of seed quality in soybean is a serious problem in tropical and subtropical region. Foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), GA3 and acetyl salicylic acid (50 ppm) at seedling and pod filling stage, K2HPO4 (2%), α-tocopherol (100 ppm) at flowering and pod filling stage was done on soybean varieties-NRC 7 and JS 335. Foliar application of SA showed positive effect on seed yield, seed health, germination and seed vigour during storage. Plant height was significantly improved by the GA3 spray in both the varieties. Significantly higher seed yield was obtained with foliar spray of αtocopherol. Application of SA was found effective to protect plants from various diseases to get quality seed. α-Tocopherol and K2HPO4 treatment significantly reduced MDA production in seeds. α-Tocopherol application increased super oxide dismutase activity as a result the lipid peroxidation of seed during storage was significantly reduced. Application of αtocopherol, K2HPO4 and salicylic acid improved the storage or keeping quality of soybean seed.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γGene Expression and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract: Regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene plays an important role in controlling the metabolism of lipids and inflammatory processes. Therefore, it can be associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of this gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was found in PBMC from 37 subjects with MetS and 30 healthy controls. Serum levels of glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) test. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined using a fluorimetric method. Total oxidant status (TOS) in serum was assayed according to oxidation of ferric to ferrous in the presence of methyl orange. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured using a Randox kit. Expression of PPAR-γ gene was significantly increased in patients with MetS compared to the control subjects (p=0.002). There was no difference in serum levels of TAC, MDA and SOD between the two study groups, but a significant difference was observed in the TOS (p=0.03). Serum levels of triglycerides and glucose were significantly higher in subjects with MetS. According to the results of our study, an increase in the expression of PPAR-γ in subjects with MetS indicated a possible role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a malignant astrocytoma specific biomarker and associated with adverse prognosis in p53 expressing glioblastoma.

Abstract: Background Manganese super oxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been previously identified as one of the top regulated genes associated with poor survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. In the current study we have evaluated the protein expression of MnSOD across various grades of astrocytoma, studied its influence on survival of GBM patients and following recurrence. Methods The protein expression of MnSOD was analyzed on tumor tissue sections by immunohistochemistry on 30 diffuse astrocytomas (DA), 50 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), 30 paired (primary and recurrent) GBM samples and 30 non-tumor brain tissues. The protein expression among the different grades of diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma (DIA) was evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. Wilcoxon matched pair test was employed to assess MnSOD protein expression across 30 paired GBM samples (primary and recurrent). The prognostic impact of MnSOD protein expression individually and following stratification with p53 expression was evaluated in a cohort of 123 GBM patients. Both over-all survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) analysis were performed by employing Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis on GBM patients. Results A significantly increased protein expression of MnSOD was observed among malignant astrocytomas (GBM and AA) in comparison with either DA or non-tumor brain tissues ( p n = 17) had a low MnSOD expression as opposed to IDH1 immunonegative tumors ( n = 106), which had high expression of MnSOD ( p = 0.0307). Further, a statistically significant increase ( p = 0.010) in extent of MnSOD protein expression was also noted in GBM tumors following recurrence. Protein expression of MnSOD was associated with both poor OS (HR: 1.021; p = 0.011) and early PFS (HR: 1.022; p = 0.006) on univariate analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis as well as Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated similar poor prognostic association. Stratification of GBM cases based on p53 expression status revealed a strong association of MnSOD with OS (HR: 1.042; p = 0.002) and PFS (HR: 1.044; p = 0.001) in p53 positive tumor tissue samples. Similar findings were noted on multivariate Cox regression analysis and K–M survival analysis, while no such association was noted in tumor tissues staining negative for p53 expression. Conclusions Our study shows an increased expression of MnSOD in anaplastic astrocytoma and GBM compared to low grade astrocytoma and control brain. An increase in MnSOD expression following GBM tumor recurrence strengthens its putative role in tumor aggressiveness. Further, MnSOD emerges as a poor prognostic biomarker in p53 expressing GBMs, rendering this molecule as a potential therapeutic target in such patients.