Showing papers on "Vertical plane published in 2004"

An implicit three-dimensional fully non-hydrostatic model for free-surfaceows

Abstract: SUMMARY An implicit method is developed for solving the complete three-dimensional (3D) Navier-Stokes equations. The algorithm is based upon a staggerednite dierence Crank-Nicholson scheme on a Cartesian grid. A new top-layer pressure treatment and a partial cell bottom treatment are introduced so that the 3D model is fully non-hydrostatic and is free of any hydrostatic assumption. A domain decom- position method is used to segregate the resulting 3D matrix system into a series of two-dimensional vertical plane problems, for each of which a block tri-diagonal system can be directly solved for the unknown horizontal velocity. Numerical tests including linear standing waves, nonlinear sloshing motions, and progressive wave interactions with uneven bottoms are performed. It is found that the model is capable to simulate accurately a range of free-surfaceow problems using a very small num- ber of vertical layers (e.g. two-four layers). The developed model is second-order accuracy in time and space and is unconditionally stable; and it can be eectively used to model 3D surface wave motions. Copyright ? 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A two-dimensional vertical non-hydrostatic σ model with an implicit method for free-surface flows

Abstract: An implicit finite difference model in the a co-ordinate system is developed for non-hydrostatic, two-dimensional vertical plane free-surface flows. To accurately simulate interaction of free-surface flows with uneven bottoms, the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations and the free-surface boundary condition are solved simultaneously in a regular transformed a domain using a fully implicit method in two steps. First, the vertical velocity and pressure are expressed as functions of horizontal velocity. Second, substituting these relationship into the horizontal momentum equation provides a block tri-diagonal matrix system with the unknown of horizontal velocity, which can be solved by a direct matrix solver without iteration. A new treatment of non-hydrostatic pressure condition at the top-layer cell is developed

Method of obtaining a depth map from a digital image

Abstract: A method of obtaining a depth map from a single digital image of a three-dimensional scene containing geometric objects is provided that includes the identification in the image of at least one horizontal plane or one vertical plane of the three-dimensional scene and the assignment to every point of the image forming part of the identified plane, or to each one of the identified planes, of a depth level according to its distance from, respectively, a predetermined horizontal or vertical reference straight line of the image. In particular, the identification of at least one plane includes the identification in the image of at least two vanishing lines corresponding to two parallel lines in the plane and the assignment of a depth level made in accordance with the angular coefficients of the identified vanishing lines. Also included is a completely automatic method for obtaining a depth map from a single digital image of any three-dimensional scene.

Control of Wind-Induced Nonlinear Oscillations in Suspended Cables

Abstract: In this paper, the along-wind and across-wind responses of suspended cables are studied. The mean wind direction is assumed to be perpendicular to the plane of the suspended cable. It is shown that the cable gallops in the across-wind direction, when the mean wind speed exceeds a critical wind speed. To control the galloping response, a vertical viscous damper, in the vertical plane of the cable, is introduced at a certain location on the cable to a near fixed platform such as a bridge deck. The efficiency of the vertical viscous damper and its location in controlling the galloping of the suspended cable is investigated.

Goal detector for detection of an object passing a goal plane

Abstract: A system is disclosed for detection of whether a movable object, such as a sports object, e.g. a football or an ice hockey puck, has passed a flat plane in space, such as a goal plane defined e.g. as a vertical plane extending from a goal line or a horizontal plane defined by the upper rim of the basketball basket. The system comprises a plurality of pairs of antennas arranged along the periphery of the flat target plane, the two antennas of each of said pairs being arranged with a mutual displacement in the direction perpendicularly to the flat target plane, radio wave emitter means arranged in the movable object and/or each antenna, and means for receiving the radio waves from the radio wave emitter means and provide an output accordingly arranged in each antenna and/or in the movable object, the system further comprising processing means to receive and process said output together with a predetermined set of conditions and providing a resulting output if the set of conditions are fulfilled so as to determine whether the movable object passes the flat target plane.

Spreading of a thin two-dimensional strip of fluid on a vertical plane: experiments and modeling.

Abstract: We study the thin-film flow of a constant volume of silicon oil (polydymethilsiloxane) spreading down a vertical glass plate. The initial condition is generated from a horizontal fluid filament of typical diameter 0.4 mm. Two optical diagnostic methods are used: One based on an anamorphic system, and the other on the Schlieren method. The first one allows for a detailed characterization of the early stable stage of the spreading which is used to estimate the thickness of the precursor film needed to model the flow. The second one captures the bidimensional pattern of the transversal film instability. We use these techniques to determine the film thickness profiles, and the evolution of the moving contact line, including its shape and Fourier spectra. The numerical simulations of the stable stage of spreading are in good quantitative agreement with the experimental results. We develop a model based on linear stability theory that predicts the evolution of the modes present in the linear stage of the instability.

Three-dimensional Green's function for harmonic water waves over a bottom topography with different depths at infinity

Abstract: The three-dimensional Green's function of water waves in variable-bathymetry regions, associated with the problem of propagation of water waves emitted from a monochromatic point source, is derived and studied. The solution is of interest in its own right but also provides useful information for the formulation and treatment of complex wave-body-seabed interaction problems in variable-bathymetry regions, especially as regards the hydrodynamic characteristics of large structures installed in the nearshore and coastal environment. Assuming a parallel-contour bathymetry, with a continuous depth function of the form h(x, y) = h(x), attaining constant, but possibly different, values at the semi-infinite regions x h, the problem is reduced to a two-dimensional one, by using Fourier transform. The transformed problem is treated by applying domain decomposition and reformulating it as a transmission problem in the finite domain containing the bottom irregularity. An appropriate decomposition of the wave potential is introduced, permitting the singular part to be solved analytically, and the problem for the regular part to be reformulated as a variational problem. An enhanced local-mode series representation is used for the regular wave potential in the variable-bathymetry region, including the propagating mode, the sloping-bottom mode (see Athanassoulis & Belibassakis 1999), and a number of evanescent modes. Using this representation, in conjunction with the variational principle, a forced system of horizontal coupled-mode equations is derived for the determination of the complex modal-amplitude functions of the regular wave potential. This system is numerically solved by using a second-order central finite-difference scheme. The source-generated water-wave potential is, finally, obtained by an efficient numerical Fourier inversion based on FFT. Numerical results are presented and discussed for various bottom topographies, including smooth but steep underwater trenches and ridges, putting emphasis on the identification of the important features of the near- and far-field patterns on the horizontal plane and on the vertical plane containing the point source. Characteristic patterns of trapped (well-localized) wave propagation over ridges are predicted and discussed.

Method for estimating precipitation characteristics

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for estimating precipitation characteristics, in particular the precipitating rate for a solid precipitation, which comprises a step of acquiring a radar image, including at least one vertical plane of a precipitation area and a vertical profile processing to provide digital signals representative of the reflectivity in the vertical direction z. Said method is characterised in comprising a step of integrating said signals, representative of reflectivity, to deliver a signal representative of the profile of the particle mean diameter in the vertical plane, weighted by the mass of each particle and a step of determining solid particle concentration from the signals calculated in the previous steps.

Engine mounting structure under an aircraft wing

Abstract: This invention relates to a structure ( 1 ) for mounting an engine ( 2 ) under an aircraft wing ( 4 ), comprising a rigid structure ( 8 ) and means ( 10 ) of mounting this rigid structure under the wing, the mounting means ( 10 ) comprising a forward fastener ( 14 ) and an aft fastener ( 16 ). According to the invention, the forward fastener has at least one triangular shackle on each side of a vertical plane passing through a longitudinal axis ( 5 ) of the engine, placed in a vertical plane oriented along a direction inclined with respect to a longitudinal direction (X) and a transverse direction (Y) of the aircraft, and located in a horizontal plane defined by these directions (X) and (Y). Furthermore, the aft fastener comprises at least one shackle oriented along a vertical direction (Z) of the aircraft.

Multiple ground plane section antenna systems and methods

Abstract: An antenna grounding connection system is provided for wireless communication devices with two or more ground plane sections. A distance is maintained between an antenna feed and an electrical connection between the two ground plane sections. The distance is determined by the wavelength of the wireless communication signal. The distance should be at least one fifteenth of the wavelength of the wireless communication signal. In the case of a rectangular ground plane section, an antenna feed can be placed near one edge of the first ground plane section, and the electrical connection can be placed near an opposite edge of the first ground plane section.

Flat panel surface array

Abstract: A surface loudspeaker array uses a plurality of sound sources, such as flat panel or planar magnetic transducers, that are mounted on either a flat or a curved surface to produce a substantially controlled sound dispersion in both the horizontal and vertical planes. The sound sources are mounted in rows and the rows are secured together to allow splaying in the vertical plane to a preset angle defined between rows.

Rimless wheel with radially expanding spokes: dynamics, impact, and stable gait

Abstract: This paper describes the dynamics and intermittent impact model of a novel rimless wheel with radially expanding spokes confined to move in a vertical plane. The wheel has two degrees of freedom, namely rotation in the plane and change of radius. The system has intermittent impacts with the ground and its mathematical model is discontinuous. The motions of the wheel on a horizontal and an inclined plane are investigated. The contact point of the wheel with the ground is assumed to have no slip. We derive the equations of motion in between the collisions and velocity change before and after the wheel impact. We construct the return map of its cyclic motion and plan the motion in between impacts to obtain a stable gait. Dynamic simulations are performed using MATLAB and are presented in the paper.

Engine suspension attcchment device of an engine to an aircraft wing

Abstract: The device has a coupling unit (10) with front and rear trunnions (14, 16). The trunnion (14) has two semi-trunnions (14a, 14b) disposed on respective sides of a vertical plane oriented along a longitudinal axis (5) of a jet-prop engine (2). Each semi-trunnion has a triangular shackle placed in a vertical plane oriented along a longitudinal direction (X) of the aircraft.

Free convection flow of conducting micropolar fluid with thermal relaxation including heat sources

Abstract: The present work is concerned with unsteady free convection flow of an incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid, bounded by an infinite vertical plane surface of constant temperature. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the plane. The state space technique is adopted for the one-dimensional problems including heat sources with one relaxation time. The resulting formulation is applied to a problem for the whole space with a plane distribution of heat sources. The reflection method together with the solution obtained for the whole space is applied to a semispace problem with a plane distribution of heat sources located inside the fluid. The inversion of the Laplace transforms is carried out using a numerical approach. Numerical results for the temperature, the velocity, and the angular velocity distributions are given and illustrated graphically for the problems considered.

Tool cleaning brush assembly

Abstract: A cleaning assembly for substantially flat tools is described. The assembly includes a bucket-like container which mounts interior opposed horizontally oriented brushes. The brushes are affixed by their brush backs to the interior surface of the container with working ends abutting, or they may be releasably secured to this surface. Each set of brushes is contained in a parallel horizontal plane and each pair of brushes being mutually spaced vertically. The upper most pair of brushes has working ends contained in one of a pair of vertical planes, and the second set of brushes has working ends contained either a pair of vertical planes, or in a single vertical plane.

Scale-free network on a vertical plane

Abstract: A scale-free network is grown in the Euclidean space with a global directional bias. On a vertical plane, nodes are introduced at unit rate at randomly selected points and a node is allowed to be connected only to the subset of nodes which are below it using the attachment probability, pi(i)(t) approximately k(i)(t)l(alpha). Our numerical results indicate that the directed scale-free network for alpha=0 belongs to a different universality class compared to the isotropic scale-free network. For alpha - infinity. The link length distribution is calculated analytically for all values of alpha.

Device and method for manufacturing reclosable packagings

Abstract: Form-fill-seal machine for making bag-shaped packagings for products, such as edible products, from a web of foil material, such as synthetic foil, the machine comprising a frame (2) having a stock of web of foil material (3) and a supply of the web of foil material in flat condition, and a form-fill unit positioned at a front side of the machine, wherein the form-fill unit comprises a form shoulder (13) for transforming the flat web of foil material into a foil tube, as well as a form-fill tube connecting to the form shoulder, having a vertical main plane of section, in which the machine furthermore comprises transverse sealing jaws (71) that are positioned below the lower end of the fill tube (14) for forming transverse seals in the foil tube and which are reciprocally moveable in a vertical plane perpendicular to the front side of the machine and the said vertical plane of section, the form shoulder being asymmetrically shaped for forming an overlap in the foil tube which extends to at least a short distance from or near the said vertical plane of section, wherein the machine is furthermore provided with first longitudinal sealing means (19) that are positioned at a first side, at one lateral side of the form tube, as considered from the front side of the machine, preferably at a short distance from or near the said vertical plane of section, for forming a first, severable longitudinal seal at the location of the overlap.

Triangular-pyramidal cube-corner retroreflective article having curved reflective lateral face

Abstract: To provide a retroreflective article formed of many triangular-pyramidal cube-corner retroreflective element pairs One-side groove angle formed between a cross line between a plane vertical to the common plane and to a V-groove vertical plane which includes the base line of a V-shaped groove is vertical to the common plane, and a reflective lateral face containing the base line of the v-shaped groove, and the V-groove vertical plane, does not form a constant angle in the reflective lateral face but the lateral face forms a curved and/or multiple surface A base line constituting any directional V-shaped groove in retroreflective element pairs is a nonlinear base line which does not form a linear trajectory and the reflective lateral face formed of the V-shaped groove forms a curved and/or multiple surface

Three-dimensional Green's function for harmonic water waves over a bottom topography with different depths at infinity

Abstract: The three-dimensional Green’s function of water waves in variable-bathymetry regions, associated with the problem of propagation of water waves emitted from a monochromatic point source, is derived and studied. The solution is of interest in its own right but also provides useful information for the formulation and treatment of complex wave–body–seabed interaction problems in variable-bathymetry regions, especially as regards the hydrodynamic characteristics of large structures installed in the nearshore and coastal environment. Assuming a parallel-contour bathymetry, with a continuous depth function of the form h(x, y )= h(x), attaining constant, but possibly different, values at the semi-infinite regions x b , the problem is reduced to a two-dimensional one, by using Fourier transform. The transformed problem is treated by applying domain decomposition and reformulating it as a transmission problem in the finite domain containing the bottom irregularity. An appropriate decomposition of the wave potential is introduced, permitting the singular part to be solved analytically, and the problem for the regular part to be reformulated as a variational problem. An enhanced local-mode series representation is used for the regular wave potential in the variable-bathymetry region, including the propagating mode, the sloping-bottom mode (see Athanassoulis & Belibassakis 1999), and a number of evanescent modes. Using this representation, in conjunction with the variational principle, a forced system of horizontal coupled-mode equations is derived for the determination of the complex modal-amplitude functions of the regular wave potential. This system is numerically solved by using a second-order central finite-difference scheme. The source-generated water-wave potential is, finally, obtained by an efficient numerical Fourier inversion based on FFT. Numerical results are presented and discussed for various bottom topographies, including smooth but steep underwater trenches and ridges, putting emphasis on the identification of the important features of the near- and far-field patterns on the horizontal plane and on the vertical plane containing the point source. Characteristic patterns of trapped (well-localized) wave propagation over ridges are predicted and discussed.

A cargo lamp assembly for vehicles

Abstract: A cargo lamp assembly for vehicles includes a white light emitting diode having an aperture for emitting a light beam in horizontal and vertical planes of about 120°, and a lens for receiving the beam and reducing the beam in the horizontal plane to about 60° and reducing the beam in the vertical plane to about 60°.

One kind of improved electrical heater filled with oil

Abstract: An electrical heater filled with oil includes a plurality of radiating fins, an electric-control box, and a heater. Within the electric-control box, a switch, a temperature controller, a heat protector and wires are provided. The radiating fin is a hollow sheet-like one with at least two grooves therein for leading the oil. The upper and lower ends of the fins are provided with hollow connecting-sleeves, and oil-inflow holes are formed inside the connecting sleeves. Each of the radiating fins is communicated with the oil-inflow hole and is filled with oil. Either end of the fins is in the different vertical plane, or in the same vertical plane, but at least a part of the fins in the same plane is curved to form a convex configuration towards the side. Each fin has the same shape and dimensions.

Weight measuring type filling machine

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent an excessive horizontal load caused by an erroneous transferring of a container from being transmitted to a load cell and prevent the load cell from being damaged. SOLUTION: This measuring type filling machine installed at a turning table 101 is operated in such a way that liquid is filled through a liquid filling nozzle 150 into a PET bottle 50 held by a gripper 140. A weight of the filler liquid is measured by a load cell 122 of a load cell unit 120. The gripper 140 is rotatably supported within a vertical plane through a supporting member 130. A contact bolt 123 installed at a bar 121 of the load cell unit 120 contacts the bottom surface of the gripper 140. Due to this arrangement, a vertical load is transmitted from the gripper 140 to the load cell 122 through the contact bolt 123 and the bar 121. However, when a horizontal load acts on the gripper 140, the contact bolt 123 is displaced from the gripper 140 and the horizontal load is not transmitted to the contact bolt 123 and subsequently to the load cell 122. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Location survey apparatus for vertical panel display

Abstract: The utility model relates to a positioning and measuring device for a vertical plane display consisting of a panel fixture and a measuring unit arranged on a base. A panel fixture is disposed on a swiveling base. The measuring unit is provided with a measuring meter of the plane display. The measuring unit can control the spatial position of the measuring meter. Additionally, the panel fixture can secure the displays of various thicknesses and different sizes. Therefore, with the vertical positioning and measuring device for the plane display, the screen surface is enabled to position a common plane of the shaft of the swiveling base to obtain the goal of avoiding the generated measurement error when the positioning and measuring device secures the plane displays of different thicknesses and different sizes.

Skiing exercise device

Abstract: A skiing exercise device includes a base frame having a front end portion with a pair of pivot poles disposed on opposite sides of a vertical plane. Each pivot pole has a pole axis inclining at an angle relative to the vertical plane. Each of two stepper members includes a foot support mounted on a supporting rod that extends from a pivot tube, which is sleeved rotatably on a respective pivot pole, in a longitudinal direction parallel to the vertical plane toward a rear end portion of the base frame, and a coupling flange extending from the pivot tube away from the vertical plane. A coupling unit includes a reel-mounting seat mounted on and movable in the longitudinal direction relative to the front end portion of the base frame, a reel mounted rotatably on the reel-mounting seat and disposed between the stepper members, and a cord wound on the reel and having opposite ends connected respectively to the coupling flanges of the stepper members.

Computational simulations of buoyancy-influenced turbulent flow and heat transfer in a vertical plane passage

Abstract: Computational simulations are reported of some recent experiments on turbulent variable-property mixed convection to air flowing upwards and downwards through a vertical plane passage, one ...

Horizontal-vertical conversion rolling mill with closed frame

Abstract: The utility model discloses a closed-jet stander flat vertical converting rolling mill, the vertical type revolving gear 6 of which is of a stationary type and the rolling mill body 1 is a complete twohigh closed-jet rolling mill body; three output axils are arranged in the right side of the retarding machine 14; a vertical rotating universal-joint spindle 15 is connected with a vertical rotating mechanism 6 and two horizontal rotating universal-joint spindles 16 are connected with the horizontal rolling mill body 1 after passing through the pass in the lower part of the vertical rotating mechanism 6 by a transversing device 7 of the horizontal rolling mill and the central axils of the three universal-joint spindles are in the same vertical plane. For the vertical rotating mechanism is fixed, while the rolling mill is horizontal-vertical transformed, rotate the rolling mill body 1 for 90 degrees and the vertical rotating mechanism needs not transverse by the overhead traveling crane or rotate for 90 degrees. The utility model can apply to the equipment escalation and technical improvement of the medium steel tandem rolling production lines and small-sized steel tandem production lines.

Gating system for a transport vehicle

Abstract: A gate assembly for a hopper of a transport vehicle has an open position in which the gate lies substantially in a vertical plane adjacent to the hopper wall and a closed position in which the gate lies substantially in a horizontal plane. The gate moves longitudinally in guides between the two planes. Several gates can be located adjacent to one another to retain or discharge particulate material in several hoppers separated by partition walls.