Showing papers on "Web standards published in 2019"

Web 3DNA 2.0 for the analysis, visualization, and modeling of 3D nucleic acid structures.

Abstract: Web 3DNA (w3DNA) 2.0 is a significantly enhanced version of the widely used w3DNA server for the analysis, visualization, and modeling of 3D nucleic-acid-containing structures. Since its initial release in 2009, the w3DNA server has continuously served the community by making commonly-used features of the 3DNA suite of command-line programs readily accessible. However, due to the lack of updates, w3DNA has clearly shown its age in terms of modern web technologies and it has long lagged behind further developments of 3DNA per se. The w3DNA 2.0 server presented here overcomes all known shortcomings of w3DNA while maintaining its battle-tested characteristics. Technically, w3DNA 2.0 implements a simple and intuitive interface (with sensible defaults) for increased usability, and it complies with HTML5 web standards for broad accessibility. Featurewise, w3DNA 2.0 employs the most recent version of 3DNA, enhanced with many new functionalities, including: the automatic handling of modified nucleotides; a set of 'simple' base-pair and step parameters for qualitative characterization of non-Watson-Crick double-helical structures; new structural parameters that integrate the rigid base plane and the backbone phosphate group, the two nucleic acid components most reliably determined with X-ray crystallography; in silico base mutations that preserve the backbone geometry; and a notably improved module for building models of single-stranded RNA, double-helical DNA, Pauling triplex, G-quadruplex, or DNA structures 'decorated' with proteins. The w3DNA 2.0 server is freely available, without registration, at http://web.x3dna.org.

Best practices: Two Web-browser-based methods for stimulus presentation in behavioral experiments with high-resolution timing requirements

Abstract: The Web is a prominent platform for behavioral experiments, for many reasons (relative simplicity, ubiquity, and accessibility, among others). Over the last few years, many behavioral and social scientists have conducted Internet-based experiments using standard web technologies, both in native JavaScript and using research-oriented frameworks. At the same time, vendors of widely used web browsers have been working hard to improve the performance of their software. However, the goals of browser vendors do not always coincide with behavioral researchers’ needs. Whereas vendors want high-performance browsers to respond almost instantly and to trade off accuracy for speed, researchers have the opposite trade-off goal, wanting their browser-based experiments to exactly match the experimental design and procedure. In this article, we review and test some of the best practices suggested by web-browser vendors, based on the features provided by new web standards, in order to optimize animations for browser-based behavioral experiments with high-resolution timing requirements. Using specialized hardware, we conducted four studies to determine the accuracy and precision of two different methods. The results using CSS animations in web browsers (Method 1) with GPU acceleration turned off showed biases that depend on the combination of browser and operating system. The results of tests on the latest versions of GPU-accelerated web browsers showed no frame loss in CSS animations. The same happened in many, but not all, of the tests conducted using requestAnimationFrame (Method 2) instead of CSS animations. Unbeknownst to many researchers, vendors of web browsers implement complex technologies that result in reduced quality of timing. Therefore, behavioral researchers interested in timing-dependent procedures should be cautious when developing browser-based experiments and should test the accuracy and precision of the whole experimental setup (web application, web browser, operating system, and hardware).

A systematic literature review of the use of Semantic Web technologies in formal education

Abstract: This paper presents a systematic literature review of research focused on use of Semantic Web technologies in formal educational contexts. Through systematic search, the review has identified 199 research articles, which are examined with the intention of identifying prevalent themes within the body of research within the field of formal educational use of Semantic Web technologies. The themes identified by the review are: (1) Semantic Web ontologies; (2) Efficient distribution, accessibility, retrieval, reuse and combination of educational resources; (3) Linked Data; (4) Semantic Web enhanced virtual learning environments and personalization of learning environments; (5) Semantic Web learning objects; (6) Evaluation, feedback and assessment; (7) Semantic Web services; (8) Pedagogical tools for teachers and students. Furthermore, this review seeks to examine how these themes and the use of Semantic Web technologies in formal education reflects on the ongoing discussion of how pedagogy and technology should interact. The outset of this discussion is a previous study by Dirckinck‐Holmfeld, which establishes that there is a tendency to emphasize technology over pedagogy in educational design and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Standards, Guidelines, and Trends

Abstract: The World Wide Web, the Web, is technically a family of open standards that defines the protocols and formats needed for the Web to function. These technical standards are the backbone of Web accessibility. They define critical accessibility features of Web technologies, as well as interoperability with assistive technologies. At the same time, these technical standards are rapidly evolving as the Web continues to expand in volume and in functionality, as different industry and technology sectors continue to converge onto the Web, and as our expectations for the Web continue to expand. Recent advances in Web technologies include enhanced support for mobile content and applications, real-time communication, immersive environments, multimedia, and automotive systems. Concurrently, Web-based applications are increasingly making use of advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Open Data. While such technological advances provide immense opportunities for the inclusion of people with disabilities, they require dedicated efforts to understand the diverse accessibility needs and to develop clear accessibility requirements for designers and developers of digital content, tools, and technologies for desktop and mobile devices. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the leading standards body for the Web and has a long history of commitment to accessibility. The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) utilizes a multi-stakeholder consensus approach to pursue the goal of ensuring accessibility for people with disabilities on the Web. This includes designing and implementing particular accessibility features in core Web standards such as HTML and CSS, as well as developing and maintaining a set of Web accessibility guidelines, which are recognized internationally by business and government. This participatory effort involving representation of people with disabilities, industry, research, public bodies, and other experts promises to address evolving trends on the Web to help ensure accessibility for people with disabilities.

The scientific events ontology of the OpenResearch.org curation platform

Abstract: Scholarly events, such as conferences play a key role in scholarly communication from many research fields, such as computer science. We describe a systematic redesign of the OpenResearch Scientific Events Ontology (OR-SEO) that is used as a schema for the event pages on OpenResearch.org curation platform. OR-SEO is now in use in thousands of event pages on OpenResearch, which enables users to create events wiki-pages without going into the details of the implementation of the ontology. We syntactically and semantically validated OR-SEO to conform to the W3C standards. It has been published through a persistent URL following W3C best practices for publishing Linked data and has been registered at Linked Open Vocabularies.

An empirical analysis of web of things (wot)

Abstract: The IoT has primarily focused on establishing connectivity in a diversify of constrained networking environments, and the next logical aim is to build on top of network connectivity by focusing on the application layer. In the Web of Things (WoT), we are thinking about smart things as first-class citizens of the Web. We position the Web of Things as a purification of the Internet of Things by integrating smart things not only into the Internet, for instance, the network, but into the Web (the application layer). The Web of Things is a computing concept that describes a future where day-to-day objects are fully integrated with the Web. The WoT is very homogeneous to the IoT in some ways and in others it is drastically different. The stipulation for WoT is for the "things" to have embedded computer systems that enable communication with the Web. This type of smart devices would then be able to communicate with each other using current Web standards. For instance, renowned Web languages PHP, HTML, Python, and JavaScript can be used to easily build applications involving smart things and users can leverage well-known Web mechanisms such as caching, browsing, searching, and bookmarking to communicate and share these devices. In this paper, aim to demonstrate a close-up view about Web of Things, including Web of things architecture, Open platform in Web of Thing, Web-enabling devices, Web of Thing security, use cases of Web of Things. The WoT concept, smart things, and their services are fully integrated into the Web by reusing and conforming technologies and patterns commonly used for conventional Web content.

HL-7 Based Middleware Standard for Healthcare Information System: FHIR

Abstract: Fast health Interoperability Resources (FHIR), a advanced proposed emerging standard of Health Level 7 (HL7) that inheritance various advantageous of HL7- v2 and v3 for providing health interoperability HL7 messaging Standard has been widely implemented and adopted by healthcare domain internationally from last few decades Among hospital HL7-V2 (version ‘v2’) is preferred choice as compared to standard v3 to exchange healthcare information like electronic health records (EHR) among local hospitals HL7-V3 was successor of the HL7-V2 that inherits various features and overcome various shortcomings of the V2 HL7-V3 standard had been highly criticized by the healthcare industry due to various shortcomings like complex documentation, implementation and maintenance cost high along with stalled system HL7 standards has been introduced new approach FHIR standard which yet under experimental stage FHIR has various attractive features like user friendly features, various built in modules and widely compatible with existing web standards This research paper will provide substantiation evolution of the HL-7 standards pattern messaging, prologue related to the HL7 FHIR and comparison among HL7 standards

W3C Consortium World Wide Web - Internet Standards

Abstract: W3C is an international community where organizations members and the general public work together to develop Web standards and guidelines

“Like a Robot”: Designing Library Websites for New and Returning Users

Abstract: The Walter W. Stiern Library conducted a major redesign to conform the library website to modern web standards. While conducting think-aloud usability testing on the new page, we found that...

WoT-AD: A Descriptive Language for Group of Things in Massive IoT

Abstract: Recently, the Massive Internet of Things (IoT) and Web of Things (WoT) are remarkable research fields aiming to facilitate the connectivity, accessibility, and control of the Things by Web standards and technologies for large-scale deployment. In such context, the end-user is capable of simply creating, mashing-up, and presenting the multiple Things to gain high-level information. However, current research approaches much more pay attention to describe a single Thing. The modeling and building the application for the compound objects consisting of groups of Things namely "Asset" are still limited due to the lack of description and seamless integration mechanism. Moreover, the traditional IoT Device Description Language directly installed on device is highly restricted in Massive IoT scenario because of stringent requirements for power consumption and operation cost. In this paper, we introduce the WoT based Asset Description (WoT-AD), a descriptive language for the Asset aiming to mitigate such limitations. WoT-AD explicitly describes a group of Things as homogeneous object to enable mash-up, self-discovery, and simply access their resources, entities, and services. We also provide a lightweight framework that fully integrates with WoT-AD to enable WoT for Massive IoT scenario. Such integration not only effectively models the Asset but also simplifies the development of mash-up application to different-skilled users. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposal to demonstrate its effectiveness and scalability in real use-case.

A Data Management Platform for Data Harvesting and Analysis from Autonomous Marine Measurement Platforms

Abstract: As part of the Glider project, a data management platform for harvesting data from autonomous marine measurement platforms has been developed. The solution receives data continuously streamed from the autonomous measurement platforms, or Gliders, and builds a database of time-series and bulk data which can be analyzed with interactive visual analysis tools. The data management platform provides a convenient access to survey data in real-time as well as providing scientists with advanced tools for analysis. The user accessible front end is written using W3C web standards and will run on many platforms including a mobile platform solution.

Integrating tsunami simulations in web applications using Nami, an open source client side GPU powered tsunami simulation library

Abstract: Tsunami simulation software is essential in modern warning systems to characterize tsunami hazard, but its complexity discourages uses in risk management such as communication and public education. However, the ubiquity of web browsers and the appearance of web standards like WebGL that enable access to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), open the opportunity to reach other disciplines and communities. In this work, we developed an open source Javascript-WebGL library that enables users to run tsunami simulations that represent the propagation of long waves in the ocean efficiently on the web browser using the GPU. Through examples , it is demonstrated how Nami can produce results commonly seen in tsunami hazard assessment, and also other applications where the sim-ulator is tightly integrated with other web elements, data sources and sensors. The latter is demonstrated with TsunamiLab, a web platform for public education and tsunami awareness developed with Nami at its core.

Values, Media, and Genres for Standardization

Abstract: This chapter applies genre theory to the history of voluntary standardization. Drawing from research on electrical, Internet, and Web standardization reported in Yates and Murphy (Engineering rules: global standard setting since 1880. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2019), I show how genres shape and reflect the values and processes for arriving at product and performance standards across firms in voluntary standard setting, and how they change when new values and media are adopted. The traditional genres of standardization used through most of the twentieth century (demonstrated in genres used in radio frequency interference standardization in the 1960s through 1980s) reflected values of technical orientation, consensus, balance of stakeholders, respect for all stakeholder views, willingness to spend time on due process through repeated balloting, and (at the international level) internationalism. In the late 1980s, new standards organizations emerged to set standards for the Internet and the World Wide Web. In them, new or altered genres arose, reflecting and revealing shifts in values toward transparency, timeliness, and free availability of standards, and less emphasis on balance, respect, due process, and international representation. The move to electronic communication occurred from the beginning in the new standards organizations, also shaping the new genres. In contrast, the old organizations simply reproduced existing genres in new media, reinforcing my earlier work identifying values more than media as the key driver in genre change. More broadly, this study argues that genres are useful tools for historical and contemporary social analysis in many realms.

Graph Data on the Web: extend the pivot, don't reinvent the wheel

Abstract: This article is a collective position paper from the Wimmics research team, expressing our vision of how Web graph data technologies should evolve in the future in order to ensure a high-level of interoperability between the many types of applications that produce and consume graph data. Wimmics stands for Web-Instrumented Man-Machine Interactions, Communities, and Semantics. We are a joint research team between INRIA Sophia Antipolis-Mediterranee and I3S (CNRS and Universite Cote d'Azur). Our challenge is to bridge formal semantics and social semantics on the web. Our research areas are graph-oriented knowledge representation, reasoning and operationalization to model and support actors, actions and interactions in web-based epistemic communities. The application of our research is supporting and fostering interactions in online communities and management of their resources. In this position paper, we emphasize the need to extend the semantic Web standard stack to address and fulfill new graph data needs, as well as the importance of remaining compatible with existing recommendations, in particular the RDF stack, to avoid the painful duplication of models, languages, frameworks, etc. The following sections group motivations for different directions of work and collect reasons for the creation of a working group on RDF 2.0 and other recommendations of the RDF family.

Smart Web Services (SmartWS) -- The Future of Services on the Web

Abstract: The past few years have been marked by an increased use of sensor technologies, abundant availability of mobile devices, and growing popularity of wearables, which enable the direct integration of their data as part of rich client applications. Despite the potential and added value that such aggregate applications bring, the implementations are usually custom solutions for particular use cases and do not support easy integration of further devices. To this end, the vision of the Web of Things (WoT) is to leverage Web standards in order to interconnect all types of devices and real-world objects, and thus to make them a part of the World Wide Web (WWW) and provide overall interoperability. In this context we introduce Smart Web Services (SmartWS) that not only provide remote access to resources and functionalities, by relying on standard communication protocols, but also encapsulate `intelligence'. Smartness features can include, for instance, context-based adaptation, cognition, inference and rules that implement autonomous decision logic in order to realize services that automatically perform tasks on behalf of the users, without requiring their explicit involvement. In this paper, we present the key characteristics of SmartWS, and introduce a reference implementation framework. Furthermore, we describe a specific use case for implementing SmartWS in the medical domain and specify a maturity model for determining the quality and usability of SmartWS.

WebXR : Virtual Reality… in the Browser

Abstract: WebXR is an experimental JavaScript API that provides interfaces to cross reality hardware, allowing developers to build compelling and comfortable experiences on the web. The implementation of virtual reality (VR) in a web browser, like all other things that adhere to web standards, best practices, and an open technology stack, benefit from having a strong distribution and great accessibility. The web can become the preferred way of distributing VR content; the same way it became the preferred way to distribute video content. It is compatible with many devices, platforms, and its core technologies support interactivity, communication, and boost sharing in unprecedented ways for VR. GuriVR is a free, open source project created to allow anyone to make Virtual Reality experiences with the lowest possible learning curve. It provides an online editor that creates Virtual Reality scenes from the users’ natural language.

A Practical Approach to Integrating Live 2D Web Content with the Immersive Web

Abstract: As 3D on the web gains momentum via standards such as WebGL and WebXR, a reoccurring frustration among web developers is inability to leverage 2D web technologies within immersive presentation contexts. The use-cases for blending 2D and 3D web content include progressive enhancement of 2D web pages, re-use of existing 2D web content, and layout/design of complex interactive user interfaces for 3D environments. We introduce WebLayer3D, a JavaScript plugin for three.js (a popular 3D scene-graph library) that makes it easy for web developers to integrate live interactive 2D web content (built using standard web technologies) into a 3D scene (rendered using WebGL). In this paper, we demonstrate that existing DOM-to-Texture techniques (when used thoughtfully) are sufficient for enabling a performant, flexible, and simple approach to building interactive 3D user interfaces for the immersive web.

Analysis and Correction of Web Documents’ Non-Compliance with Web Standards

Abstract: Based on the justification for equal accessibility of the World Wide Web (Web for short), we analyzed the non-compliance of collected web documents with web standards through a statistical physics approach. The web documents were examined by using a validator that classified the noncompliance into errors and warnings of different types. We found that the frequency distributions of errors and warnings in a web document followed a power-law distribution and that a strong correlation existed between the numbers of errors and warnings. In addition, some errors or warnings were identified much more frequently than others, which could be modeled by a geometric distribution. By utilizing these properties, we proposed a scheme to correct non-compliance that focused on the most frequently occurring errors and warnings. We empirically tested the proposed method against the collected web documents and showed that the proposed method effectively corrected about 47% and 85% of errors and warnings, respectively. We also used network theory to analyze correlations within and between different errors and warnings in correction results and found that some types of errors and/or warnings affected each other in the correction. In this paper, correction results of the proposed method are compared with those of Tidy, and different characteristics between the two correction methods are discussed.

Spatial Information Platform with VWorld for Improving User Experience in Limited Web Environment

Abstract: VWorld Data Center (VDC), operated by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of South of Korea, provides the latest high-quality spatial information of South Korea. VWorld data include aerial images, digital elevation models, 3D buildings, 3D bridges, roads, administrative information, etc. We present a 3D spatial information platform that uses VWorld data. This platform is based on the web browser environment and supports cross platform by complying with WebGL and web standards. The 3D-terrain tile structure has a quadtree-based detail level for high-resolution rendering. When rendering different tile levels or sizes simultaneously, abnormal gaps occur between the tiles. We propose the use of a specially shaped 3D terrain object model to minimize these gaps. This model can be used and verified using the service site of the WebGL-based VWorld spatial information platform. Our platform has a limited environment and runs in a web browser while requesting real-time spatial information data from VDC. VWorld data cannot be stored locally by policy. We improve the frame rate in such way that it can easily be used in a limited web browser environment or even a computing environment without a graphics processing unit. We intend to officially present the proposed method to the VDC and apply it. We expect our platform to be used for various web-based geospatial applications.

Interoperability enhancement of IoT devices using open web standards in a smart farming use case

Abstract: Treball Final de Master Universitari Erasmus Mundus en Tecnologia Geoespacial. Codi: SIW013. Curs academic: 2018/2019

Generating RDF resources from web open data portals

Abstract: Open data are available from various private and public institutions in different resource formats. There are already great number of open data that are published using open data portals, where datasets and resources are mainly presented in tabular or sheet formats. However, such formats have some barriers with application developments and web standards. One of the web recommenced standards for semantic web application is RDF. There are various research efforts have been focused on presenting open data in RDF formats. However, no framework has transformed tabular open data into RDFs considering the HTML tags and properties of the resources and datasets. Therefore, a methodology is required to generate RDF resources from this type of open data resources. This methodology applies data transformations of open data from a tabular format to RDF files for the Saudi Open Data Portal. The methodology successfully transforms open data resources in sheet format into RDF resources. Recommendations and future work are given to enhance the development of building open data.

A Dynamic Hierarchical Approach to Modelling and Orchestrating the Web of Things Using the DOM, CSS and JavaScript

Abstract: There is a lot of work in progress by the W3C and others surrounding a Web standards compliant Web of Things (WoT) which it is hoped will unify the current Internet of Things infrastructure. Our contribution to this uses the Document Object Model (DOM) to represent complex physical environments, with a CSS-like syntax for storing and controlling the state of 'things' within it. We describe how JavaScript can be used in conjunction with these to create an approach which is familiar to Web developers and may help them to transition more smoothly into WoT development. We share our implementation and explore some of the many potential avenues for future research. These include rich WoT development tools and the possibility of content production for physical environments.

Link Relation Types for Web Services

Abstract: Many resources provided on the Web are part of sets of resources that are provided in a context that is managed by one particular service provider. Often, these sets of resources are referred to as "Web Services" or "Web APIs". This specification defines link relations for representing relationships from those resources to ones that provide documentation, descriptions, or metadata for these Web services. Documentation is primarily intended for human consumers, whereas descriptions are primarily intended for automated consumers; metadata is supposed to be information about a service's context. It also defines a link relation to identify status resources that are used to represent operational information about service status.

Web of Things Semantic Functionality Distance

Abstract: The Web of Things is an architectural initiative proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium, to enable Internet of Things devices to interact through Web standards. One of the cornerstones of the architecture is a Thing Description, which is an object model that exposes devices to the Internet through a common interface composed by properties, actions and events. In this paper, we evaluate the similarity level on capabilities calculated for Web of Things objects. We developed, based on the Thing Description, a metric called Web of Things Semantic Functionality Distance (WoTSFD). The semantic functionality distance is a measure of the device ability to perform the same function in a specific application context. We evaluate this metric in a smart home environment. The results show that different devices can be detected to be similar, thus suitable to collaborate or be replaced by each other to perform a specific task in a determined use case.

Design and Implementation of Web Browser Secure Storage for Web Standard Authentication Based on FIDO

Abstract: Recently, researches have been actively conducted according to the government's policy direction on authentication methods that comply with web standards, such as the abolition of accredited certification systems. The problem was that the data stored in the existing web repository could be tampered with, resulting in a vulnerability. In this paper, we applied a mutual verification technique and API (Application Programming Interface) forgery/forgery blocking and obfuscation to solve the authentication weakness in web browsers that comply with the FIDO (Fast IDentity Online) standard. In addition, user convenience is improved by implementing the No-Plugin, which does not require the installation of a separate program. Performance tests show that most browsers perform at about 0.1ms based on the RSA key generation rate. In addition, this study proved that this service can be used for commercialization as it showed a performance of less than 0.1 second, even in the digital signature verification speed of the server. The service is expected to be useful as an alternative to browser authentication and to establish a secure web repository that does not require a public certificate.

Design and Implementation of Linked Planning Domain Definition Language

Abstract: Planning is a critical component of any artificial intelligence system that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences typically for intelligent agents and autonomous robots. Given predefined parameterized actions, a planning service should accept a query with the goal and initial state to give a solution with a sequence of actions applied to environmental objects. This paper addresses the problem by providing a repository of actions generically applicable to various environmental objects based on Semantic Web technologies. Ontologies are used for asserting constraints in common sense as well as for resolving compatibilities between actions and states. Constraints are defined using Web standards such as SPARQL and SHACL to allow conditional predicates. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed planning domain description language with our robotics applications.

Web-enabled Software for Real-time Autonomous Wireless Sensors Data Visualization

Abstract: Real-time autonomous wireless sensors must provide information that is both accurate and timely. With the widespread of IoT, a myriad of sensors are producing a large quantity of numeric data. Still, as users, we are inclined to consume data that has been processed and displayed as visual information in order to facilitate decision processes. Web standards have evolved significantly over the past decade with X3D being adopted as an open ISO standard for Web3D. X3D and associated extensions like WebGL allows web-enabled visualization and facilitates remote collaboration. In this paper, we present a software architecture that allows data collection from IoT sensors, data processing and an interactive Web-enabled 3D visualization using the X3D standard for soft real-time systems. We also discuss the potential applications of such a system in several domains.