There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Single-layer metal dichalcogenides are two-dimensional semiconductors that present strong potential for electronic and sensing applications complementary to that of graphene.

/pdf/electronics-and-optoelectronics-of-two-dimensional-2jbqr1unvw.pdf

Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.

Many potential applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including conductive and high-strength composites; energy storage and energy conversion devices; sensors; field emission displays and radiation sources; hydrogen storage media; and nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, probes, and interconnects. Some of these applications are now realized in products. Others are demonstrated in early to advanced devices, and one, hydrogen storage, is clouded by controversy. Nanotube cost, polydispersity in nanotube type, and limitations in processing and assembly methods are important barriers for some applications of single-walled nanotubes.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/297/5582/787.full.pdf

Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications

Fabrication techniques developed for graphene research allow the disassembly of many layered crystals (so-called van der Waals materials) into individual atomic planes and their reassembly into designer heterostructures, which reveal new properties and phenomena. Andre Geim and Irina Grigorieva offer a forward-looking review of the potential of layering two-dimensional materials into novel heterostructures held together by weak van der Waals interactions. Dozens of these one-atom- or one-molecule-thick crystals are known. Graphene has already been well studied but others, such as monolayers of hexagonal boron nitride, MoS2, WSe2, graphane, fluorographene, mica and silicene are attracting increasing interest. There are many other monolayers yet to be examined of course, and the possibility of combining graphene with other crystals adds even further options, offering exciting new opportunities for scientific exploration and technological innovation. Research on graphene and other two-dimensional atomic crystals is intense and is likely to remain one of the leading topics in condensed matter physics and materials science for many years. Looking beyond this field, isolated atomic planes can also be reassembled into designer heterostructures made layer by layer in a precisely chosen sequence. The first, already remarkably complex, such heterostructures (often referred to as ‘van der Waals’) have recently been fabricated and investigated, revealing unusual properties and new phenomena. Here we review this emerging research area and identify possible future directions. With steady improvement in fabrication techniques and using graphene’s springboard, van der Waals heterostructures should develop into a large field of their own.

/pdf/van-der-waals-heterostructures-3nf3oeh0jk.pdf

Van der Waals heterostructures

Rapid crystallization behavior of amorphous Te x Se 1 (cid:2) x thin ﬁlms limits the use of these alloys as coatings and in optoelectronic devices. Understanding the short- and medium-range ordering of the amorphous structure and the fundamental physics governing the crystallization of the ﬁlms is crucial. Although the lack of long range crystalline order restricts the characterization of the amorphous ﬁlms, electron microscopy offers a way to extract information about the nanoscale ordering. In this paper, the local ordering of amorphous Te x Se 1 (cid:2) x thin ﬁlms with x ¼ 0 : 22 ; 0 : 61 ; 0 : 70 ; 0 : 90 ; and1 grown by thermal evaporation is investigated using radial distribution function (RDF) and ﬂuctuation electron microscopy (FEM) analysis. RDF results show that the nearest-neighbor distances of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) in their crystalline structure are preserved, and their bond lengths increase with the addition of Te. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations

Structural heterogeneity in non-crystalline Te x thin films

Optical anisotropy and thinness of 2D black phosphorous (bP) lead to weak light absorption, which limits the performance of bP-based photodetectors. We demonstrate that T- shaped nanoantennas can be integrated with bP to overcome this issue.

Polarization-Converting Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Light Absorption Enhancement in Anisotropic 2D Black Phosphorus

In addition to publishing top work in nanoscience and nanotechnology from around the world, our goals for ACS Nano include: accelerating advances in the field by identifying and elaborating opportunities; leveraging nanoscience and nanotechnology strategies, techniques, and methods to impact other fields; being a public face for our fields; and linking together global science, engineering, and medicine. We have a number of strategies for achieving these goals and more. Among them is having our editors using our positions as active researchers to connect with you (and each other) around the world. This year, between our editors, we gave hundreds of talks in more than 35 countries, at universities, research institutions, and conferences, as well as to the public. We see the effects of our personal interactions during these visits in new submissions and our expanding readership. In the next year and beyond, we will have a sustained effort to engage even more at a number of special events.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsnano.7b08851

A Big Year Ahead for Nano in 2018

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/nn204760v

ACS nano in 2011 and looking forward to 2012

Due to their high electron mobility, III–V semiconductors are promising channel materials for future devices [1]. InAs is one such promising material; however, due to the small bandgap (E g ∼0.36 eV) bulk devices are not feasible. In addition, heteroepitaxial growth of thin layers on Si is challenging due to the inherent lattice mismatch. Here, we present a platform developed for integration of single-crystalline ultra-thin compound semiconductor layers on insulator (XOI)[2], resembling the conventional SOI substrates.

Ali Javey

Papers

Structural heterogeneity in non-crystalline Te x thin films

Polarization-Converting Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Light Absorption Enhancement in Anisotropic 2D Black Phosphorus

A Big Year Ahead for Nano in 2018

ACS nano in 2011 and looking forward to 2012

Ultra-thin compound semiconductor on insulator (XOI) for MOSFETs and TFETs