There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.

Statistical physics of social dynamics

N G van Kampen 1981 Amsterdam: North-Holland xiv + 419 pp price Dfl 180 This is a book which, at a lower price, could be expected to become an essential part of the library of every physical scientist concerned with problems involving fluctuations and stochastic processes, as well as those who just enjoy a beautifully written book. It provides an extensive graduate-level introduction which is clear, cautious, interesting and readable.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/34/4/040/pdf

Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry

From the Publisher: 
The accessible presentation of this book gives both a general view of the entire computer vision enterprise and also offers sufficient detail to be able to build useful applications. Users learn techniques that have proven to be useful by first-hand experience and a wide range of mathematical methods. A CD-ROM with every copy of the text contains source code for programming practice, color images, and illustrative movies. Comprehensive and up-to-date, this book includes essential topics that either reflect practical significance or are of theoretical importance. Topics are discussed in substantial and increasing depth. Application surveys describe numerous important application areas such as image based rendering and digital libraries. Many important algorithms broken down and illustrated in pseudo code. Appropriate for use by engineers as a comprehensive reference to the computer vision enterprise.

Computer vision : a modern approach = 计算机视觉 : 一种现代的方法

Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems

We propose a two-dimensional cellular automaton model to simulate pedestrian tra.c. It is a vmax = 1 model with exclusion statistics and parallel dynamics. Long-range interactions between the pedestrians are mediated by a so-called "oor #eld which modi4es the transition rates to neighbouring cells. This 4eld, which can be discrete or continuous, is subject to di7usion and decay. Furthermore it can be modi4ed by the motion ofthe pedestrians. Theref ore, the model uses an idea similar to chemotaxis, but with pedestrians following a virtual rather than a chemical trace. Our main goal is to show that the introduction ofsuch a :oor 4eld is su.cient to model collective e7ects and self-organization encountered in pedestrian dynamics, e.g. lane formation in counter:ow through a large corridor. As an application we also present simulations ofthe evacuation ofa large room with reduced visibility, e.g. due to f ailure oflights or smoke. c 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

/pdf/simulation-of-pedestrian-dynamics-using-a-two-dimensional-so5vmdk88q.pdf

Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two dimensional cellular automaton

We propose a 2-dimensional cellular automaton model to simulate pedestrian traffic. It is a vmax=1 model with exclusion statistics and parallel dynamics. Long-range interactions between the pedestrians are mediated by a so called floor field which modifies the transition rates to neighbouring cells. This field, which can be discrete or continuous, is subject to diffusion and decay. Furthermore it can be modified by the motion of the pedestrians. Therefore the model uses an idea similar to chemotaxis, but with pedestrians following a virtual rather than a chemical trace. Our main goal is to show that the introduction of such a floor field is sufficient to model collective effects and self-organization encountered in pedestrian dynamics, e.g. lane formation in counterflow through a large corridor. As an application we also present simulations of the evacuation of a large room with reduced visibility, e.g. due to failure of lights or smoke.

Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a 2-dimensional cellular automaton

We present simulations of evacuation processes using a recently introduced cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. This model applies a bionics approach to describe the interaction between the pedestrians using ideas from chemotaxis. Here we study a rather simple situation, namely the evacuation from a large room with one or two doors. It is shown that the variation of the model parameters allows to describe different types of behaviour, from regular to panic. We find a non-monotonic dependence of the evacuation times on the coupling constants. These times depend on the strength of the herding behaviour, with minimal evacuation times for some intermediate values of the couplings, i.e., a proper combination of herding and use of knowledge about the shortest way to the exit.

/pdf/simulation-of-evacuation-processes-using-a-bionics-inspired-3b8s1kn0gb.pdf

Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics

1 Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Universitat zu Koln, 50937 Koln, Germany as@thp.uni-koeln.de 2 Interdisziplinares Zentrum fur komplexe Systeme, 53117 Bonn, Germany 3 Institute for Building Material Technology and Fire Safety Science, University of Wuppertal, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany 4 TraffGo HT GmbH, Bismarckstr. 142 , 47057 Duisburg, Germany 5 PTV AG, Stumpfstr. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 6 Julich Supercomputing Centre, Research Centre Julich, 52425 Julich, Germany

/pdf/evacuation-dynamics-empirical-results-modeling-and-2yuyfb8jl9.pdf

Andreas Schadschneider

Papers

Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems

Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two dimensional cellular automaton

Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a 2-dimensional cellular automaton

Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics

Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical Results, Modeling and Applications