Bhupendra C. Patel

TL;DR: Results from the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial indicate that optic nerve decompression surgery for NAION is not effective, may be harmful, and should be abandoned.

TL;DR: A review of the literature that can be used for evidence-based guidelines to limit the spread of C. difficile is provided, including early diagnosis of CDAD, surveillance ofCDAD cases, education of staff, appropriate use of isolation precautions, hand hygiene, protective clothing, environmental cleaning and cleaning of medical equipment, good antibiotic stewardship, and specific measures during outbreaks.

TL;DR: Ongoing epidemiological surveillance of cases of CDI, with periodic characterisation of the strains involved, is required to detect clustering of cases in time and space and to monitor the emergence of new, highly virulent clones.

TL;DR: The emerging strain is referred to as North American pulsed-field type 1 (NAP1) and PCR ribotype 027 and has caused outbreaks in England and Wales, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France, and has been detected in Austria, Scotland, Switzerland, Poland and Denmark.

TL;DR: Topical anesthesia can be used safely for cataract extraction and the degree of patient discomfort is only marginally higher during administration of the anesthesia and postoperatively, however, surgical training and patient preparation are the keys to the safe use of topical anesthesia.