抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Current research into semiconductor clusters is focused on the properties of quantum dots-fragments of semiconductor consisting of hundreds to many thousands of atoms-with the bulk bonding geometry and with surface states eliminated by enclosure in a material that has a larger band gap. Quantum dots exhibit strongly size-dependent optical and electrical properties. The ability to join the dots into complex assemblies creates many opportunities for scientific discovery.

Semiconductor Clusters, Nanocrystals, and Quantum Dots

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

/pdf/self-assembled-monolayers-of-thiolates-on-metals-as-a-form-1neb0hj3k4.pdf

Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology.

Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection. In comparison with organic dyes such as rhodamine, this class of luminescent labels is 20 times as bright, 100 times as stable against photobleaching, and one-third as wide in spectral linewidth. These nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible. Quantum dots that were labeled with the protein transferrin underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured HeLa cells, and those dots that were labeled with immunomolecules recognized specific antibodies or antigens.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/281/5385/2016.full.pdf

Quantum Dot Bioconjugates for Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection

This project was conducted in the laboratory of Professor Christopher B. Murray at the University of Pennsylvania. The project described herein includes the synthesis of a Janus dendrimer as well as complimentary dendrimers of hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature to study the self-assembly and organizational properties of these molecules on gold surfaces. A complete synthesis and characterization of these molecules is described, as well as grafting the molecules onto both gold nanoparticle and thin film surfaces. How the different dendritic molecules guide self-assembly of the nanoparticles and how the Janus molecule assembles itself on a gold surface was studied. To characterize these systems, TEM and solid state UV-vis were employed, and general trends are described

Janus Dendritic Ligands for Nanoparticle Assemblies

Methods of forming colloidal nanocrystal (NC)-based thin film devicesare disclosed. The methods include the steps of depositing a dispersion of NCs on a substrate to form a NC thin-film, wherein at least a portion of the NCs is capped with chalcogenocyanate (xCN)-based ligands; and doping the NC thin-film with a metal.

Methods of forming colloidal nanocrystal-based thin film devices

A first device comprising a first organic light emitting device (OLED) is described. The first OLED includes an anode, a cathode and an emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The emissive layer includes a phosphorescent emissive dopant and a host material, that includes nanocrystals. The phosphorescent emissive dopant is bonded to the host material by a bridge moiety.

Organice electroluminescent materials and devices

Dept of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Dept of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Dept of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Dept of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA

In-situ Study of Coarsening Mechanisms of Supported Metal Particles in Reducing Gas

X-ray scattering at small angles (SAXS) is used to study the structure and the thermodynamic properties of dispersions of CdSe nanocrystallite particles. In particular, this study allowed us to probe the inter particle interactions, and their dependence on several relevant parameters, such as the nature and size of the capping units attached to the crystallite surface and solvent.

Christopher B. Murray

Papers

Janus Dendritic Ligands for Nanoparticle Assemblies

Methods of forming colloidal nanocrystal-based thin film devices

Organice electroluminescent materials and devices

In-situ Study of Coarsening Mechanisms of Supported Metal Particles in Reducing Gas

Structural Stability of CdSe Nanocrystallite Dispersions