抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/933162.pdf

Hydrogels in drug delivery: progress and challenges

Over the past few decades, researchers have established artificial enzymes as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to natural enzymes in a wide range of applications. A variety of materials including cyclodextrins, metal complexes, porphyrins, polymers, dendrimers and biomolecules have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. Recently, some nanomaterials have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like activities, and great advances have been made in this area due to the tremendous progress in nano-research and the unique characteristics of nanomaterials. To highlight the progress in the field of nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes (nanozymes), this review discusses various nanomaterials that have been explored to mimic different kinds of enzymes. We cover their kinetics, mechanisms and applications in numerous fields, from biosensing and immunoassays, to stem cell growth and pollutant removal. We also summarize several approaches to tune the activities of nanozymes. Finally, we make comparisons between nanozymes and other catalytic materials (other artificial enzymes, natural enzymes, organic catalysts and nanomaterial-based catalysts) and address the current challenges and future directions (302 references).

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes

PLGA-based nanoparticles: An overview of biomedical applications

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

/pdf/science-and-technology-roadmap-for-graphene-related-two-4q9m7czlkc.pdf

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

A method and apparatus for membrane separation applying concentration polarization

The solid-phase synthesis resin with high loading capacity was prepared through grafting poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate monomer from Merrifield resins via activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. The grafted resins demonstrate well-swellability in both polar and nonpolar solvent such as dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methanol and water. Particularly, the swelling ability of the grafted resin has reached two-fold of Merrifield resin in the polar solvent such as acetonitrile, methanol and water, and it enable high functional loadings up to 0.5–1.2 mmol g −1 compared with the conventional polystyrene-grafting-poly (ethylene glycol) (0.15–0.25 mmol g −1 ). This resin was derived to be used for synthesis of a difficult sequence-acyl carrier protein fragment 65-74 (ACP 65-74). The quantity and purity of peptide obtained from the grafted resin were higher than when the commercial Wang resin was used. The synthesis efficiency enhanced with the increase of grafting chains’ length within the range of hydroxyl capacity at 0.5–1.0 mmol g −1 . It was relative that the longer grafting chains were favor to suppress the hydrophobicity of the Merrifield resin.

Preparation of Poly(ethylene Glycol) Acrylate Grafted Polystyrene Resin for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis

Regulating the surface charges of polymeric microparticles to improve the efficacy of particle-adjuvanted vaccine.

Effect of affinity medium and solution conditions on endotoxin removal from protein solutions

A method of fluorescence imaging is disclosed that uses a non-labeled fluorescent microsphere comprising a primary amine polymer, wherein the microsphere does not contain an additional fluorescent substance, and wherein at least one primary amine group in the primary amine polymer has the structure of —N═R—, in which R is a residue after the reaction of an aldehyde-type cross-linking substance, and the other primary amine groups have the structure of —NH 2 . The fluorescence color of the microspheres can be adjusted by selecting different aldehyde-type cross-linking substances or combinations, and the fluorescence intensity of the microspheres can be controlled not only by the addition of the aldehyde-type cross-linking substances and the time of the cross-linking reaction, but also by adjusting the diameters of the microspheres.

Guanghui Ma

Papers

A method and apparatus for membrane separation applying concentration polarization

Preparation of Poly(ethylene Glycol) Acrylate Grafted Polystyrene Resin for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis

Regulating the surface charges of polymeric microparticles to improve the efficacy of particle-adjuvanted vaccine.

Effect of affinity medium and solution conditions on endotoxin removal from protein solutions

Method of imaging with fluorescent microspheres