J. Tammen

TL;DR: The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) as discussed by the authors is an instrument suite that is part of the scientific payload aboard the Solar Orbiter mission, which is composed of four units: the SupraThermal Electrons and Protons (STEP), the Electron Proton Telescope (EPT), the Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS), and the High-Energy Telescope (HET).

TL;DR: In this paper, the response of two scintillators, namely BGO (Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 ) and BSO ( Bi 4 Si3 O 12 ), to different ions from helium to iron, was investigated.

TL;DR: The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) as discussed by the authors is an instrument suite consisting of several sensors measuring electrons, protons and ions over a broad energy interval (2 keV to 15 MeV for electrons, 3 keV-to 100 MEV for protons, and few tens of keV/nuc to 450 MeV-nuc for ions), providing composition, spectra, timing and anisotropy information.

TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic spectrum of an LSO scintillator is characterized and three different parts arising from different effects: the native intrinsic spectrum, chance coincidence effects and energy deposition in the readout photodiode.