Showing papers by "Katherine M. Newton published in 2011"
TL;DR: It is concluded that widespread adoption of electronic medical records will provide real-world clinical data that will be valuable for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other types of genetic research.
Abstract: Clinical data in electronic medical records (EMRs) are a potential source of longitudinal clinical data for research. The Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network (eMERGE) investigates whether data captured through routine clinical care using EMRs can identify disease phenotypes with sufficient positive and negative predictive values for use in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using data from five different sets of EMRs, we have identified five disease phenotypes with positive predictive values of 73 to 98% and negative predictive values of 98 to 100%. Most EMRs captured key information (diagnoses, medications, laboratory tests) used to define phenotypes in a structured format. We identified natural language processing as an important tool to improve case identification rates. Efforts and incentives to increase the implementation of interoperable EMRs will markedly improve the availability of clinical data for genomics research.
323 citations
TL;DR: Among healthy women, the use of escitalopram (10-20 mg/d) compared with placebo resulted in fewer and less severe menopausal hot flashes at 8 weeks of follow-up.
Abstract: Context Concerns regarding the risks associated with estrogen and progesterone to manage menopausal symptoms have resulted in its declining use and increased interest in nonhormonal treatments with demonstrated efficacy for hot flashes. Objective To determine the efficacy and tolerability of 10 to 20 mg/d escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in alleviating the frequency, severity, and bother of menopausal hot flashes. Design, Setting, and Patients A multicenter, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial that enrolled 205 women (95 African American; 102 white; 8 other) between July 2009 and June 2010. Intervention Women received 10 to 20 mg/d of escitalopram or a matching placebo for 8 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcomes were the frequency and severity of hot flashes assessed by prospective daily diaries at weeks 4 and 8. Secondary outcomes were hot flash bother, recorded on daily diaries, and clinical improvement (defined as hot flash frequency ≥50% decrease from baseline). Results Mean (SD) daily hot flash frequency was 9.78 (5.60) at baseline. In a modified intent-to-treat analysis that included all randomized participants who provided hot flash diary data, the mean difference in hot flash frequency reduction was 1.41 (95% CI, 0.13-2.69) fewer hot flashes per day at week 8 among women taking escitalopram (P Conclusion Among healthy women, the use of escitalopram (10-20 mg/d) compared with placebo resulted in fewer and less severe menopausal hot flashes at 8 weeks of follow-up. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00894543
205 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of dietary data among women with no reported history of smoking suggested that regular consumption of eggs, hot cereals, organ meats, tofu, vegetable soups, leafy greens, green salad, and yams was associated with uCd, which is likely the most important source of cadmium exposure among smokers.
63 citations
TL;DR: Higher glucose levels are associated with preeclampsia suggesting a pathophysiological role for glucose metabolism, according to a retrospective cohort study performed among 26,105 women.
Abstract: Objective. We evaluated the association of 1-h oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) and 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results with preeclampsia. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed among 26,105 women. Results. Preeclampsia was associated with the upper OGCT quartiles [114–132 mg/dL: odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.44; >132 mg/dL: OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.21–1.61] compared with <98 mg/dL adjusting for age, primigravidity, and gestational diabetes, and also to one abnormal OGTT value (adjusted OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.75) or gestational diabetes (adjusted OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.15–1.83). Conclusion. Higher glucose levels are associated with preeclampsia suggesting a pathophysiological role for glucose metabolism.
39 citations
TL;DR: This study aimed to measure agreement on warfarin and aspirin use between medical records and automated pharmacy data among patients with newly detected atrial fibrillation.
Abstract: Purpose
Automated pharmacy databases are increasingly available for assessing medication use, but research on the validity of these data is incomplete. This study aimed to measure agreement on warfarin and aspirin use between medical records and automated pharmacy data among patients with newly detected atrial fibrillation (AF).
33 citations
23 Nov 2011
33 citations
TL;DR: Exposure to cadmium may be associated with increased breast density in premenopausal women and stronger associations were observed among nulliparous women, and current or former smokers.
Abstract: Mammographic density (MD), a strong marker of breast cancer risk, is influenced by genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Cadmium, a persistent and widespread environmental pollutant, has been associated with risk of breast cancer, and laboratory evidence suggests cadmium is a carcinogen in the breast. We investigated the hypothesis that cadmium exposure is associated with higher MD. In a cross-sectional study of MD and urinary cadmium concentration, percentage MD (MD%) and Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS®) density category were determined from screening mammograms of 190 premenopausal women ages 40-45 years. Women completed a health questionnaire, and the cadmium content of spot urine samples was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and corrected for urine creatinine. Urinary cadmium concentrations are thought to reflect exposure to cadmium during a period of 20-30 years. Multivariable linear regression and logistic regression were used to estimate the strength of association between urinary cadmium and mammographic breast density. Adjusted mean MD% among women in the upper tertile of creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium was 4.6% higher (95% CI: -2.3 to 11.6%) than in women in the lowest cadmium tertile. Each twofold increase in urinary cadmium was associated with higher odds of MD% in the upper tertile (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.82-2.02) or a BI-RADS category rating of "extremely dense" (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.14-2.70). Stronger associations were observed among nulliparous women, and current or former smokers. Exposure to cadmium may be associated with increased breast density in premenopausal women.
23 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the prevalence of periodontal care was significantly higher among those with diabetes compared to those without diabetes and that the magnitude of this association decreased with increasing age.
Abstract: Background: Our objectives were to describe the prevalence of periodontal care (a marker of periodontitis) among persons with and without diabetes and to examine the association between periodontal care and diabetes.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis, using 5 years of electronic data from a population-based cohort (N = 46,132), aged 40 to 70 years, with dental and medical insurance, and ≥1 dental and ≥1 medical visit. Periodontal care (yes/no) was defined by dental claims codes for procedures used to manage periodontitis. The association between periodontal care and diabetes was determined using logistic regression adjusted for and stratified by age, sex, insurance type, smoking status, body mass index (BMI) (in kilograms per square meter), and resource utilization band (RUB) (a measure of expected health care utilization attributable to comorbidity).Results: Overall, 11.2% (5,153 of 46,132) met diabetes criteria. The age-adjusted prevalence of periodontal care among those with and without d...
20 citations
TL;DR: The SULT1E1(A/C) and the UGT1A1(TA7)-UGT1A3(R11) haplotypes were associated with reduced estrogen concentrations and further study of UGT and SULT polymorphisms and circulating sex steroid measures in larger populations of premenopausal women is warranted.
17 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: Suspension of hormone therapy for 1 or 2 months was associated with greater frequency of sleep problems for the overall sleep quality index and most individual sleep items and Alternative forms of sleep management may benefit women who choose to discontinue hormone therapy use.
Abstract: Objective
Because hormone therapy use benefits sleep, sleep problems may occur following suspension. We tested effects of short-term hormone therapy suspension on sleep problems.
TL;DR: Non-compliance with HT cessation before screening mammogram was associated with younger age, lower BMI, symptom severity and use of unopposed estrogen, and Alternatives for menopause symptom management are needed to assist women withHT cessation.
Abstract: Objectives To evaluate factors associated with non-compliance with discontinuation of hormone therapy (HT) within a study on the effect of HT cessation on mammography performance.Methods This randomized, controlled trial was conducted at Group Health, a health plan in Washington State, USA. Eligibility included: age 45–80 years; due for screening (‘study’) mammogram; and prior screening mammogram while using HT. We randomized 1704 women to no cessation (n = 567), 1-month (n = 570), or 2-month cessation (n = 567), and called participants before cessation to review instructions. We collected self-reported data at randomization (baseline) and before the study mammogram, including symptoms and compliance. This analysis includes women randomized to 1-month or 2-month cessation with complete baseline and follow-up questionnaires (n = 883).Results Most participants were using unopposed estrogen (63.3%) and intended to continue HT (90%); 9.6% were non-compliant with HT cessation. Comparing 2-month vs. 1-month ce...