Li-Bing Zhang

TL;DR: A modern, comprehensive classification for lycophytes and ferns, down to the genus level, utilizing a community‐based approach, that uses monophyly as the primary criterion for the recognition of taxa, but also aims to preserve existing taxa and circumscriptions that are both widely accepted and consistent with the understanding of pteridophyte phylogeny.

TL;DR: It is shown that phylogenetic relationships in the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae (162 species, 32 genera) exhibit patterns expected from the Jurassic/Cretaceous breakup of Pangea, and originated during the Triassic.

TL;DR: Estimates of divergence times suggest a late Quaternary origin of the genus Soldanella, and it is hypothesized that the latter differentiated in allopatric regions of expansion during glacials, while the former experienced secondary contact at lower elevations in more southern refugia.

TL;DR: Flower characters, especially number of free styles, fusion of filaments and/or anthers, tendril type, and pollen size, exine, and aperture number correlate well with the chloroplast phylogeny, while petal and fruit characters as well as karyotype exhibit much evolutionary flexibility.

TL;DR: Bisexual flowers are reconstructed as ancestral, but dioecy appears to have evolved already in the common ancestor of Begoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Datiscaceae, and Tetramelaceae and then to have been lost repeatedly in Begonuaceae and Cucurbitales.