Norio Chihara

TL;DR: Analysis of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene by using a high-throughput culture-independent pyrosequencing method provided evidence of a moderate dysbiosis in the structure of gut microbiota in patients with MS, and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that many of the clostridial species associated with MS might be distinct from those broadly associated with autoimmune conditions.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a B-cell subpopulation, exhibiting the CD19intCD27highCD38highCD180− phenotype, is selectively increased in the peripheral blood of NMO patients and that anti-AQP4 antibodies are mainly produced by these cells in the blood of these patients.

TL;DR: A module of co-inhibitory T cell receptors, driven by the cytokine IL-27, is identified in mice that is regulated by the transcription factors PRDM1 and c-MAF, and this was validated experimentally.

TL;DR: This study suggests that ADEM-like perivenous inflammatory demyelination with MOG-dominant myelin loss is a characteristic finding of MOG antibody-associated disease regardless of whether the diagnostic criteria of ADEM are met.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CD138+HLA-DR+ plasmablasts, a subset of IgG-producing cells, are increased in the peripheral blood and are enriched among the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes during the relapse of neuromyelitis optica.