Robert F Spielhagen

TL;DR: In this paper, the maximum limits of the Eurasian ice sheets during four glaciations have been reconstructed: (1) the Late Saalian (>140 ka), (2) the Early Weichselian (100-80 ka),(3) the Middle Weichsellian (60-50 ka), and (4) the late Weichselsian (25-15 ka) based on satellite data and aerial photographs combined with geological field investigations in Russia and Siberia, and with marine seismic and sediment core data.

TL;DR: In this article, a multidecadal-scale record of ocean temperature variations during the past 2000 years, derived from marine sediments off Western Svalbard (79°N), was presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed deep-sea cores from the central Arctic Ocean, the Fram Strait, and the Yermak Plateau to reconstruct the history of marine paleoenvironment and terrestrial glaciation in the last 200,000 years.

TL;DR: The authors provide an overview of the evolution of climate from the hot house of the early Cenozoic through its transition to the ice-house of the Quaternary, with a special emphasis on the anomalous warmth of the middle Pliocene, early quaternary warm times, the Mid Pleistocene transition, warm interglaciations of marine isotope stages 11, 5e, and 1, the stage 3 interstadial, and the peak cold of the last glacial maximum.

TL;DR: The warmest millennia of at least the past 250,000 years occurred during the Last Interglaciation, when global ice volumes were similar to or smaller than today and systematic variations in Earth's orbital parameters aligned to produce a strong positive summer insolation anomaly throughout the Northern Hemisphere as mentioned in this paper.