Kurt H. Kjær

TL;DR: In this paper, the maximum limits of the Eurasian ice sheets during four glaciations have been reconstructed: (1) the Late Saalian (>140 ka), (2) the Early Weichselian (100-80 ka),(3) the Middle Weichsellian (60-50 ka), and (4) the late Weichselsian (25-15 ka) based on satellite data and aerial photographs combined with geological field investigations in Russia and Siberia, and with marine seismic and sediment core data.

TL;DR: Thealyses suggest that the Equus lineage giving rise to all contemporary horses, zebras and donkeys originated 4.0–4.5 million years before present, twice the conventionally accepted time to the most recent common ancestor of the genus Equus, and supports the contention that Przewalski's horses represent the last surviving wild horse population.

TL;DR: The authors' analyses indicate that both graminoids and forbs would have featured in megafaunal diets, and question the predominance of a Late Quaternary graminoid-dominated Arctic mammoth steppe.

TL;DR: The presence of a rare mitochondrial DNA haplotype of spruce that appears unique to Scandinavia and with its highest frequency to the west is shown—an area believed to sustain ice-free refugia during most of the last ice age, challenging current views on survival and spread of trees as a response to climate changes.

TL;DR: The findings reveal that the first Americans, whether Clovis or earlier groups in unglaciated North America before 12.6 cal. kyr bp, are unlikely to have travelled by this route into the Americas, however, later groups may have used this north–south passageway.